Phenotypic advantages and improved genomic stability following selection in advanced selfing-generations of Brassica allohexaploids.

Allopolyploids often exhibit advantages in vigor and adaptability compared to diploids. A long-term goal in the economically important Brassica genus has been to develop a new allohexaploid crop type (AABBCC) by combining different diploid and allotetraploid crop species. However, early-generation allohexaploids often face challenges like unstable meiosis and low fertility, and the phenotypic performance of these synthetic lines has rarely been assessed.

Chiral sulfide and achiral sulfonic acid cocatalyzed enantioselective electrophilic tandem selenylation semipinacol rearrangement of allenols.

A highly enantioselective electrophilic selenylation/semipinacol rearrangement of allenols has been developed, which is enabled by the cooperative catalysis of a chiral sulfide and an achiral sulfonic acid. The designed and synthesized chiral sulfide catalyst and selenylating reagent play a crucial role in enhancing both enantioselectivity and reactivity. This approach exhibits excellent regio-, chemo-, and enantioselectivity, providing access to diverse enantioenriched cyclopentanones featuring an arylselenovinyl-substituted quaternary carbon stereocenter.

TaANK-TPR1 enhances wheat resistance against stripe rust via controlling gene expression and protein activity of NLR protein TaRPP13L1.

Nucleotide-binding site, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins activate a robust immune response on recognition of pathogen invasion. However, the function and regulatory mechanisms of NLRs during Puccinia striiformis f. sp.

Weak Near-Infrared Light Visualization Enabled by Smart Multifunctional Optoelectronics.

Visualizing weak NIR light is critical for sensing, imaging, and communication, but remains challenging due to inefficient detection and upconversion (UC) mechanisms. A smart NIR-to-visible photon-UC organic optoelectronic device is reported that integrates photodetection, light-emitting diode (LED), and photovoltaic capabilities to enable clear visualization of weak NIR light. The programmable device has continuous photodetection monitoring of the incident NIR intensity.

Revealing Light-Magnetism Coupling via Anomalous Hall Effect and Magneto-Photoresponse in Proximity-Coupled CrSBr/Graphene Heterostructures.

The interplay between light and magnetism sparks groundbreaking concepts for the next-generation versatile spintronic and nanoelectronic devices. However, direct measurements of light-magnetism coupling remain challenging due to the intrinsic difficulties in characterizing these properties simultaneously. Herein, via harnessing magnetic proximity and anomalous Hall effect (AHE), we report the effective modification of magnetism in the graphene/CrSBr heterostructure by an unpolarized 405 nm light.

Algal organic matter alters protistan community structure and assembly processes in coastal sediments.

Diatom blooms are a global ecological perturbation that releases algal organic matter (AOM), significantly affecting coastal ecosystems by altering microbial community dynamics. AOM, derived from algal cell lysis, may serve as a nutrient source influencing protistan communities. However, the effects of AOM on protistan ecology, including the community structure and assembly processes, remain largely unexplored in coastal sediments.

Polybutylene succinate/lignin composites with tunable optical, mechanical, and thermal properties based on fractionation treatment.

The inherent heterogeneity, poor compatibility with polymers, and dark color of lignin limit its application in composites. In this study, original lignin (OL) was fractionated sequentially using four green organic solvents to obtain lignin fractions with different chemical structures. These well-defined lignin fractions were then blended with polybutylene succinate (PBS) to fabricate biocomposites.

Local corner smoothing based on deep learning for CNC machine tools.

Most of toolpaths for machining is composed of series of short linear segments (G01 command), which limits the feedrate and machining quality. To generate a smooth machining path, a new optimization strategy is proposed to optimize the toolpath at the curvature level. First, the three essential components of optimization are introduced, and the local corner smoothness is converted into an optimization problem.

Controllable Active Intermediate in CO Hydrogenation Enabling Highly Selective ,-Dimethylformamide Synthesis via -Formylation.

,-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a widely used solvent, and its green and low-carbon synthesis methods are in high demand. Herein, we report a new approach for DMF synthesis using a continuous flow reaction system with a fixed-bed reactor and a ZnO-TiO solid solution catalyst. This catalyst effectively utilizes CO, H, and dimethylamine (DMA) as feedstocks, demonstrating performance with 99% DMF selectivity and single-pass DMA conversion approaching thermodynamic equilibrium.

Doping Ti into RuO to Accelerate Bridged-Oxygen-Assisted Deprotonation for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The development of efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for advancing renewable hydrogen energy technology. However, the slow deprotonation kinetics of oxo-intermediates, involving the four proton-coupled electron steps, hinder the acidic OER progress. Herein, a RuTiO solid solution electrocatalyst is investigated, which features bridged oxygen (O) sites that act as proton acceptors, accelerating the deprotonation of oxo-intermediates.

Estimating Summer Maize Biomass by Integrating UAV Multispectral Imagery with Crop Physiological Parameters.

The aboveground biomass (AGB) of summer maize is an important indicator for assessing crop growth status and predicting yield, playing a significant role in agricultural management and decision-making. Traditional on-site measurements of AGB are limited, due to low efficiency and a lack of spatial information. The development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology in agriculture offers a rapid and cost-effective method for obtaining crop growth information, but currently, the prediction accuracy of summer maize AGB based on UAVs is limited.

Two-Step Design Rule for Simultaneously High Conductivity and Seebeck Coefficient in Conjugated Polymer-Based Thermoelectrics.

The trade-off between enhancing conductivity (σ) through doping while concurrently observing a reduction in the Seebeck coefficient (S) presents a key challenge in organic thermoelectrics. Here, a two-step structural design strategy is developed, where the first step enhances the backbone planarity which enhances the conductivity by an improved ordering of conjugated polymers (CPs). The second step, which is fluorination of the backbone, improves the Seebeck coefficient by the controlled induction of energetic disorder, stemming from the fluorine's disruption of the homogeneous electrostatic potential across the CP backbone.

Efficient and accurate semi-supervised semantic segmentation for industrial surface defects.

Deep learning-based defect detection methods have gained widespread application in industrial quality inspection. However, limitations such as insufficient sample sizes, low data utilization, and issues with accuracy and speed persist. This paper proposes a semi-supervised semantic segmentation framework that addresses these challenges through perturbation invariance at both the image and feature space.

A Tandem Catalysis for Isoindolinone Synthesis over Single-Atom Pd/TiO Catalyst.

Developing an efficient strategy to replace the conventional synthesis method for producing isoindolinone (IIO) scaffold, a crucial structural motif for constructing pharmaceutical molecules, remains to be a great challenge. Herein, a single-atom Pd/TiO tandem catalysis has been developed for the IIO scaffold synthesis by using readily available phthalic anhydride (PA), ammonia, and H. The single-atom Pd/TiO catalyst demonstrates superior catalytic performance, achieving a PA conversion of 99 %, an IIO selectivity of 91 %, and a turnover frequency (TOF) up to 4807 h.

Biogenic ROS mediated degradation mechanism of marine toxin domoic acid.

Domoic acid (DA) is a compound generated as a secondary metabolite during harmful algal blooms, has historically received attention as the potent neurotoxicity in marine environment. However, the aerobic degradation mechanism of DA and the DA-degrader remain largely unknown. Here, we revealed the mechanism of aerobic degradation of DA by a ubiquitous marine Pseudoalteromonas sp.

Impact of the novel chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate, F-53B, on gill structure and reproductive toxicity in zebrafish.

6:2 Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate, commonly known as F-53B, is widely used as a mist suppressant in various industries and is frequently detected in the environment. Despite its prevalent presence, the adverse effects of F-53B are not well understood and require future investigation. This study utilized zebrafish embryos and adults to examine the toxic effects of F-53B.

Overcoming the Tumor Collagen Barriers: A Multistage Drug Delivery Strategy for DDR1-Mediated Resistant Colorectal Cancer Therapy.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for drug resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). The abundant collagen within the ECM significantly influences tumor progression and matrix-mediated drug resistance (MMDR) by binding to discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), but the specific mechanisms by which tumor cells modulate ECM via DDR1 and ultimately regulate TME remain poorly understand. Furthermore, overcoming drug resistance by modulating the tumor ECM remains a challenge in CRC treatment.

Lysosome-Targeted and pH-Activatable Phototheranostics for NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Phototherapy.

Currently, clinical therapeutic strategies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) confront insurmountable dilemmas in which surgical resection is incomplete and chemotherapy/radiotherapy has significant side effects. Phototherapy offers a maneuverable, effective, and noninvasive pattern for NPC therapy. Herein, we developed a lysosome-targeted and pH-responsive nanophototheranostic for near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) of NPC.

Applying metabolic modeling and multi-omics to elucidate the biotransformation mechanisms of marine algal toxin domoic acid (DA) in sediments.

Domoic acid (DA)-producing algal blooms are a global marine environmental issue. However, there has been no previous research addressing the question regarding the fate of DA in marine benthic environments. In this work, we investigated the DA fate in the water-sediment microcosm via the integrative analysis of a top-down metabolic model, metagenome, and metabolome.