Bioaccessibility and bioavailability assessment of cadmium in rice: In vitro simulators with/without gut microbiota and validation through in vivo mouse and human data.

Assessing the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) is crucial for effective evaluation of the exposure risk associated with intake of Cd-contaminated rice. However, limited studies have investigated the influence of gut microbiota on these two significant factors. In this study, we utilized in vitro gastrointestinal simulators, specifically the RIVM-M (with human gut microbial communities) and the RIVM model (without gut microbial communities), to determine the bioaccessibility of Cd in rice.

Digital PCR and its applications in noninvasive prenatal testing.

In the past decade, digital PCR (dPCR), as a new nucleic acid absolute quantification technology, has been widely used in clinical research. dPCR does not rely on the standard curve and has a higher tolerance to inhibitors. Therefore, it is more accurate than quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for the absolute quantification of target sequences.

Bioaccessibility and bioavailability adjusted dietary exposure of cadmium for local residents from a high-level environmental cadmium region.

The critical health risks caused by cadmium (Cd) via dietary exposure are commonly assessed by detecting Cd concentrations in foods. Differently, in this study, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Cd in major local harvests were introduced to assess the dietary exposure of local residents from a high-level environmental Cd region. The results indicated that certain Cd was released into the digestive juice after in vitro digestion with a bioaccessibility of 20-63% for rice and 3-32% for leafy vegetables, and the released portion was partially absorbed by Caco-2 cells with a bioavailability of 2-21% for rice and 0.

Jujuboside B promotes the death of acute leukemia cell in a RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway-dependent manner.

Initiation of necroptosis has been considered as a promising strategy for anticancer therapies, especially for eradicating apoptosis-resistant malignant cells. Jujubisode B is a natural saponins extracted from the seeds of Zizyphi Spinosi Semen, and possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including antianxiety, anti-inflammation, antiplatelet aggregation and induction of apoptosis. This study aims to explore the effect of jujuboside B on acute leukemic cells and the underlying mechanisms.

The deafness gene GSDME: its involvement in cell apoptosis, secondary necrosis, and cancers.

Gasdermin E (GSDME), also called DFNA5, is a member of the gasdermin family. GSDME is involved in the regulation of apoptosis and necrosis. The N-terminal domain of GSDME displays an apoptosis-inducing activity while the C-terminal domain may serve as an apoptosis-inhibiting regulator by shielding the N-terminal domain.

Ligustroflavone reduces necroptosis in rat brain after ischemic stroke through targeting RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway.

Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1/3 (RIPK1/3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL)-mediated necroptosis contributes to brain injury after ischemic stroke. Ligustroflavone is an ingredient of common privet with activities of anti-inflammation and complement inhibition. This study aims to explore the effect of ligustroflavone on ischemic brain injury in stroke rat and the underlying mechanisms.

Natural compound methyl protodioscin protects rat brain from ischemia/reperfusion injury through regulation of Mul1/SOD2 pathway.

Methyl protodioscin (MPD) is reported to relieve angina pectoris and myocardial ischemia, and mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (Mul1) plays a key role in maintaining mitochondrial functions. Bioinformatic analysis shows potential interactions between MPD and Mul1. This study aims to explore whether MPD could protect rat brain against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through regulation of Mul1/ superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) pathway.

Characterization of potential plasma biomarkers related to cognitive impairment by untargeted profiling of phospholipids using the HILIC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS system.

Early diagnosis of neural changes causing cognitive impairment is critical for development of preventive therapies for dementia. Biomarkers currently characterized cannot be extensively applied due to the invasive sampling of cerebrospinal fluid. The other imaging approaches are either expensive or require a high technique.

Impact of Gastric rs2733743 on the Intragastric pH-Values of Dexlansoprazole Injection in Chinese Subjects.

Not all patients with acid-related disorders receiving proton pump inhibitor (PP) treatment get adequate gastric pH control. The genetic variation of receptors, metabolic enzymes, and transporters are known to cause failures of therapies. We have conducted a study to evaluate the influence of gastric , and polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of dexlansoprazole injection in healthy Chinese subjects.

Characterization of phospholipid profiles in six kinds of nut using HILIC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS system.

Nuts, a class of fatty natural food, are associated with a series of health benefit. Lipid, which is the most abundant nutrient in nuts, could be one of the major contributors to many beneficial effects. In previous studies, only the composition of fatty acids was investigated.

A Review of the Novel Application and Potential Adverse Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are known as a class of pharmaceutical agents that target H/K-ATPase, which is located in gastric parietal cells. PPIs are widely used in the treatment of gastric acid-related diseases including peptic ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and so on. These drugs present an excellent safety profile and have become one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in primary and specialty care.

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexlansoprazole injection in healthy Chinese subjects.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexlansoprazole injection in healthy subjects.

Methods: Dexlansoprazole (20-90 mg) or lansoprazole (30 mg) was administrated intravenously to healthy male and female volunteers. All the subjects were sampled for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis and 64 of them were monitored for 24-h intragastric pH prior to and after administration in the pharmacodynamic (PD) study.

Phase IIb trial of electroporation mediated dual-plasmid hepatitis B virus DNA vaccine in chronic hepatitis B patients under lamivudine therapy.

Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of electroporation (EP)-mediated dual-plasmid hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA vaccine placebo for sequential combination therapy with lamivudine (LAM) in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty-five patients were randomized to receive either LAM + vaccine (vaccine group, = 109) or LAM + placebo (control group, = 116). LAM treatment lasted 72 wk.

[Comparative analysis of the efficacies of entecavir capsules and lamivudine in chronic hepatitis B patients].

Objective: To investigate the efficacy profile of entecavir capsule (ETV) as a chronic hepatitis B therapy, as compared to lamivudine (LAM).

Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel group evaluation of ETV, 232 subjects were administered a 96-week course of 0.5 mg/day ETV or 100 mg/day LAM.

Chemical analysis of Eriocaulon buergerianum and adulterating species by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Eriocaulon buergerianum Koern. is the botanical source for the Chinese herbal medicine Gu-Jing-Cao. Other Eriocaulon species are also used as the same herb in local areas and are difficult to be differentiated.

On-line enrichment and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulates using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence as detector.

Seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulates were determinated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector using direction injection and an on-line enrichment trap column. The method simplified the sample pretreatment, saved time and increased the efficiency. With the on-line trap column, PAHs were separated availably even underground injecting 1.

Protective effects of echinacoside on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of echinacoside, one of the phenylethanoids isolated from the stems of Cistanches salsa, a Chinese herbal medicine, on the free radical damage of liver caused by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Treatment of rats with carbon tetrachloride produced severe liver injury, as demonstrated by dramatic elevation of serum ALT, AST levels and typical histopathological changes including hepatocyte necrosis or apoptosis, haemorrhage, fatty degeneration, etc. In addition, carbon tetrachloride administration caused oxidative stress in rats, as evidenced by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and MDA concentrations in the liver of rats, along with a remarkable reduction in hepatic SOD activity and GSH content.