Traditional laxatives in preventing opioid-induced constipation in adult patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Introduction: Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) affects up to 90% of patients with cancer receiving long-term opioid-related analgesic therapy, resulting in various potential complications, compromised pain management and decreased quality of life. Laxatives stimulate or facilitate bowel evacuation. Traditional laxatives, such as polyethylene glycol and lactulose, are widely used because of their low cost, easy accessibility and tolerability.

Comprehensive pathogen identification and antimicrobial resistance prediction from positive blood cultures using nanopore sequencing technology.

Background: Blood cultures are essential for diagnosing bloodstream infections, but current phenotypic tests for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) provide limited information. Oxford Nanopore Technologies introduces nanopore sequencing with adaptive sampling, capable of real-time host genome depletion, yet its application directly from blood cultures remains unexplored. This study aimed to identify pathogens and predict AMR using nanopore sequencing.

Eco-evolutionary dynamics of gut phageome in wild gibbons (Hoolock tianxing) with seasonal diet variations.

It has been extensively studied that the gut microbiome provides animals flexibility to adapt to food variability. Yet, how gut phageome responds to diet variation of wild animals remains unexplored. Here, we analyze the eco-evolutionary dynamics of gut phageome in six wild gibbons (Hoolock tianxing) by collecting individually-resolved fresh fecal samples and parallel feeding behavior data for 15 consecutive months.

Gut microbiome responds compositionally and functionally to the seasonal diet variations in wild gibbons.

Wild animals may encounter multiple challenges especially food shortage and altered diet composition in their suboptimal ranges. Yet, how the gut microbiome responds to dietary changes remains poorly understood. Prior studies on wild animal microbiomes have typically leaned upon relatively coarse dietary records and individually unresolved fecal samples.

Gut microbiota of skywalker hoolock gibbons (Hoolock tianxing) from different habitats and in captivity: Implications for gibbon health.

The gut microbiota plays an integral role in the metabolism and immunity of animal hosts, and provides insights into the health and habitat assessment of threatened animals. The skywalker hoolock gibbon (Hoolock tianxing) is a newly described gibbon species, and is considered an endangered species. Here, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to describe the fecal bacterial community of skywalker hoolock gibbons from different habitats and in captivity.

The gut microbiota of gibbons across host genus and captive site in China.

Gut microbiota influences nutrient metabolism and immunity of animal hosts. Better understanding of the composition and diversity of gut microbiota contributes to conservation and management of threatened animals both in situ and ex situ. In this study, we applied 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to evaluate the composition and diversity of the fecal bacterial community of four gibbon genera (Family Hylobatidae) at four Chinese zoos.

[Effects of soil fauna on microbial community during litter decomposition of Populus simonii and Fargesia spathacea in the subalpine forest of western Sichuan, China.].

To understand the relationship between soil fauna and microorganism in the detrital food chain during litter decomposition, leaf litters of poplar (Populus simonii) and fargesia (Fargesia spathacea) in a subalpine forest of western Sichuan were taken as study objects. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFAs) biomarker method was used to determine the effects of soil fauna on the abundance, structure and diversity of microbial community during the decomposition of leaf litter of two species from April 2016 to April 2018 with in situ control experiment. The results showed that the presence of soil fauna significantly affected the microbial PLFAs content during the decomposition of both species, reducing the PLFAs content in the first 240 days and increasing the PLFAs content in the 360 to 480 days.

Photo-enhanced gas sensing of SnS with nanoscale defects.

Recently a SnS based NO gas sensor with a 30 ppb detection limit was demonstrated but this required high operation temperatures. Concurrently, SnS grown by chemical vapor deposition is known to naturally contain nanoscale defects, which could be exploited. Here, we significantly enhance the performance of a NO gas sensor based on SnS with nanoscale defects by photon illumination, and a detection limit of 2.

[Value of Pediatric Early Warning Score in identifying the condition of critically ill children].

Objective: To study the value of Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) in identifying the condition of critically ill children.

Methods: A total of 120 children who were transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from the general ward during hospitalization or admitted to the PICU after emergency treatment in the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January to December, 2016 were enrolled as the PICU group. The other 120 children who were admitted to the general ward in the hospital were used as the control group.

Oral edible plant vaccine containing hypoallergen of American cockroach major allergen Per a 2 prevents roach-allergic asthma in a murine model.

Background: American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) are an important indoor allergen source and a major risk factor for exacerbations and poor control of asthma. We previously reported that allergen components from American cockroaches exhibit varying levels of pathogenicity. Sensitization to major American cockroach allergen, Per a 2, correlated with more severe clinical phenotypes among patients with allergic airway diseases.

[Effects of naphthalene on soil respiration, nutrients and enzyme activities in the subalpine forest of western Sichuan, China].

As a biocide to reduce soil and litter faunal populations in field experiments, naphthalene has been widely used in the study of ecological functions of soil fauna, but the non-target effects of naphthalene bring about enormous uncertainty to its application. In order to understand whether there were non-target effects of naphthalene in subalpine forest soil, soil in the subalpine forests of west Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was taken as study object. The short-term responses of soil respiration rate, nutrient content and enzyme activity to naphthalene were studied in microcosms.

[Diversity of soil nematode communities in the subalpine and alpine forests of western Sichuan, China.].

In order to understand the diversity of soil nematodes in the subalpine/alpine forests of the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, soil nematodes in the primary forest, mixed forest and secondary forest of Abies faxoniana were extracted by elutriation and sugar-centrifugation method in July 2015, and the composition and structure characteristics of soil nematode communities were studied in the three forests at different altitudes. A total of 37950 soil nematodes were collected, which belonged to 20 families and 27 genera, and the mean density was 4217 ind·100 g dry soil. Filenchus was the dominant genus in the primary forest, and Filenchus and Pararotylenchus in the mixed forest and secondary forest, respectively.

Identification of the Functional Autophagy-Regulatory Domain in HCLS1-Associated Protein X-1 That Resists Against Oxidative Stress.

HCLS1 Associated Protein X-1 (HAX1) promotes cell survival through attenuation of the damaged signals from endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, which are known as prominent intracellular compartments for the autophagic process under stress conditions. This study investigates whether autophagy can be upregulated in response to HAX1 overexpression and identifies the functional motif in HAX1 responsible for the autophagic induction. Autophagosome accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and apoptosis were assessed in HEK293 cells post transduction with full-length or truncated HAX1-encoding genes, while empty vector-transduced cells served as control.

Paracrine effect of CXCR4-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells on ischemic heart injury.

It has been reported that CXCR4-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells (MSC ) can repair heart tissue post myocardial infarction. This study aims to investigate the MSCCX4-derived paracrine cardio-protective signaling in the presence of myocardial infarction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into 3 groups: MSC only, MSC , and CXCR4 gene-specific siRNA-transduced MSC.

Efficiency and therapeutic effect of modified pigtail probe in anastomosing lacerated lacrimal canaliculus.

Objective: To investigate the necessity of modification to the traditional pigtail probe and evaluate its efficiency and therapeutic effect in searching the nasal cut ends and anastomosing the lacerated lacrimal canaliculus.

Methods: Eighty-seven patients (including 87 eyes) suffering from canalicular laceration were randomized into two groups: 41 patients treated with traditional pigtail probes (Group A) and 46 with modified pigtail probes (Group B). During the reconstruction of the lacerated canaliculi, the traditional pigtail probe and the modified pigtail probe were used respectively to seek for the nasal cut ends of lacerated lacrimal canaliculi.