Physio-biochemical and metabolomic responses of the woody plant Dalbergia odorifera to salinity and waterlogging.

Background: Trees have developed a broad spectrum of molecular mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress. Secondary metabolites via phenolic compounds emblematized the hidden bridge among plant kingdom, human health, and oxidative stress. Although studies have demonstrated that abiotic stresses can increase the production of medicinal compounds in plants, research comparing the efficiency of these stresses still needs to be explored.

Dalbergia odorifera undergoes massive molecular shifts in response to waterlogging combined with salinity.

Field and greenhouse studies attempting to describe the molecular responses of plant species under waterlogging (WL) combined with salinity (ST) are almost nonexistent. We integrated transcriptional, metabolic, and physiological responses involving several crucial transcripts and common differentially expressed genes and metabolites in fragrant rosewood (Dalbergia odorifera) leaflets to dissect plant-specific molecular responses and patterns under WL combined with ST (SWL). We discovered that the synergistic pattern of the transcriptional response of fragrant rosewood under SWL was exclusively characterized by the number of regulated transcripts.

Exogenous ABA and IAA modulate physiological and hormonal adaptation strategies in Cleistocalyx operculatus and Syzygium jambos under long-term waterlogging conditions.

Background: The mechanisms of abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) in inducing adventitious root (AR) formation, biomass accumulation, and plant development under long-term waterlogging (LT-WL) conditions are largely unexplored. This study aimed to determine the roles of exogenous application of ABA and IAA in two woody plants (Cleistocalyx operculatus and Syzygium jambos) under LT-WL conditions. A pot experiment was conducted using a complete randomized design with two factors: (i) LT-WL and (ii) application of exogenous phytohormones (ABA and IAA) for 120 d.

HbWRKY27, a group IIe WRKY transcription factor, positively regulates HbFPS1 expression in Hevea brasiliensis.

Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPS) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of farnesyl pyrophosphate, the main initiator for rubber chain initiation in Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. The transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the FPS gene still not well understood.

Identification and functional analysis of the CorA/MGT/MRS2-type magnesium transporter in banana.

Magnesium (Mg) plays an irreplaceable role in plant growth and development. Mg transporters, especially CorA/MGT/MRS2 family proteins, played a vital role in regulating Mg content in plant cells. Although extensive work has been conducted in model crops, such as Arabidopsis, rice, and maize, the relevant information is scarce in tropical crops.

Optimization of fermentation conditions through response surface methodology for enhanced antibacterial metabolite production by Streptomyces sp. 1-14 from cassava rhizosphere.

Streptomyces species 1-14 isolated from cassava rhizosphere soil were evaluated for their antibacterial efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense race 4 (FOC4).

Mechanisms of silver_nanoparticles induced hypopigmentation in embryonic zebrafish.

Silver_nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been reported to inhibit specification of erythroid cells and to induce spinal cord deformities and cardiac arrhythmia in vertebrates, but have not been implicated in development of neural crest (NC) and pigment cells in an in vivo model yet. In current study, down-regulated expressions of NC genes pax7 and foxd3, melanophore genes mitfa and dct, and xanthophore gene gch2 in AgNPs-exposed embryos were revealed by microarray, qRT-PCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH). Then, the down-regulated expressions of melanophore genes mitfa and dct but not xanthophore gene gch2 in AgNPs-exposed embryos were found to be recovered by melanogenesis agonists palmitic acid and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP).

Silver nanoparticles induced reactive oxygen species via photosynthetic energy transport imbalance in an aquatic plant.

The rapid growth in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) commercialization has increased environmental exposure, including aquatic ecosystem. It has been reported that the AgNPs have damaging effects on photosynthesis and induce oxidative stress, but the toxic mechanism of AgNPs is still a matter of debate. In the present study, on the model aquatic higher plant Spirodela polyrhiza, we found that AgNPs affect photosynthesis and significantly inhibit Photosystem II (PSII) maximum quantum yield (F/F) and effective quantum yield (Φ).

Silver_ nanoparticles inhibited erythrogenesis during zebrafish embryogenesis.

Silver_ nanoparticles (AgNPs), for their attractive antimicrobial properties, have become one of the most commercial nanomaterials used recently. AgNPs are reported to be toxic to blood cells of aquatic organisms and humans, however, few studies related to toxic effects of AgNPs in hematopoiesis using an in vivo model were available. Firstly, microarrays were applied to reveal transcriptional responses of zebrafish embryos to AgNPs at 24h post-fertilization (hpf)in this study, and hemoglobin genes were found to be down-regulated by AgNPs and to be enriched in the top 10 categories by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis.

Silver nanoparticles induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alteration of antioxidant systems in the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrhiza.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used commercially because of their antibacterial properties. Oxidative stress is known to be involved in the toxicity of AgNPs to bacteria, animals, and algae. The authors used Spirodela polyrhiza to investigate whether AgNPs can induce oxidative stress in higher plants.

A rabbit osteomyelitis model to simulate multibacterial war wound infections.

A challenge facing military caregivers is the presence of multidrug-resistant infection in extremity wounds. Most frequently identified resistant strains are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), and Acinetobacter baumannii (AB). We adapted an existing osteomyelitis model to simulate an infected extremity wound for antibiotic testing.

Comparison of bulb syringe, pressurized pulsatile, and hydrosurgery debridement methods for removing bacteria from fracture implants.

Surgical-site infection is a common form of noscomial infection that can occur in fractures following internal fixation. Treatment of these infections has traditionally included preserving stable implants via debridement and antibiotic administration while the fracture is healing. Recent evidence indicated that this algorithm results in less-than-optimal rates of fracture union and infection eradication.

Physiological analysis of silver nanoparticles and AgNO3 toxicity to Spirodela polyrhiza.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are commonly used in consumer products for their antibacterial activity. Silver nanoparticles may adversely influence organisms when released into the environment. The present study investigated the effect of AgNPs on the growth, morphology, and physiology of the aquatic plant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza).

Effect of Pb toxicity on leaf growth, antioxidant enzyme activities, and photosynthesis in cuttings and seedlings of Jatropha curcas L.

Background: Cuttings and seedlings of Jatropha curcas L. were exposed to different regimes of lead (Pb) stress as Pb(NO₃)₂ at 0 (CK), 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mM kg⁻¹ soil.

Efficacy of telavancin in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis: studies with a rabbit model.

Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen isolated in osteomyelitis. This study evaluated the efficacies of telavancin (an investigational, rapidly bactericidal lipoglycopeptide with a multifunctional mechanism of action against Gram-positive bacteria), vancomycin and linezolid in a rabbit methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) osteomyelitis model.

Comparative evaluation of tigecycline and vancomycin, with and without rifampicin, in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus experimental osteomyelitis in a rabbit model.

Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism isolated in osteomyelitis. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections are particularly difficult to treat.

Systemic Apophysomyces elegans after trauma: case report and literature review.

We present a case of systemic fungal infection caused by Apophysomyces elegans in a 50-year-old patient who developed a progressive skin lesion after a motor vehicle crash. Histopathological and mycological examination of the surgical sample showed non-septated hyphae characteristic of mucoraceous fungi. Despite extensive surgical debridement, and parenteral administration of amphotericin B, the patient died of multi-organ failure.