A Temperature Drift Compensation Method for Pulsed Eddy Current Technology.

Pulsed eddy current (PEC) technology is another important non-contact nondestructive testing technology for defect detection. However, the temperature drift of the exciting coil has a considerable influence on the precision of PEC testing. The objective of this study is to investigate the temperature drift effect and reduce its impact.

High annealing temperature induced rapid grain coarsening for efficient perovskite solar cells.

Thermal annealing plays multiple roles in fabricating high quality perovskite films. Generally, it might result in large perovskite grains by elevating annealing temperature, but might also lead to decomposition of perovskite. Here, we study the effects of annealing temperature on the coarsening of perovskite grains in a temperature range from 100 to 250 °C, and find that the coarsening rate of the perovskite grain increase significantly with the annealing temperature.

Vestibular schwannomas: Accuracy of tumor volume estimated by ice cream cone formula using thin-sliced MR images.

Purpose: We estimated the volume of vestibular schwannomas by an ice cream cone formula using thin-sliced magnetic resonance images (MRI) and compared the estimation accuracy among different estimating formulas and between different models.

Methods: The study was approved by a local institutional review board. A total of 100 patients with vestibular schwannomas examined by MRI between January 2011 and November 2015 were enrolled retrospectively.

A copper-catalyzed carbonylative four-component reaction of ethene and aliphatic olefins.

To have a balance between reactivity and selectivity has been a long-standing challenge in multicomponent reactions. In this communication, a carbonylative four-component reaction has been developed. With copper as the catalyst, using ethene including other aliphatic alkenes, alcohols and acetonitrile as the substrates under CO pressure, various desired products were produced in moderate to good yields.

Do enhanced states exist? Boosting cognitive capacities through an action video-game.

This research reports the existence of enhanced cognitive states in which dramatic temporary improvements in temporal and spatial aspects of attention were exhibited by participants who played (but not by those who merely observed) action video-games meeting certain criteria. Specifically, Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrate that the attentional improvements were exhibited only by participants whose skills matched the difficulty level of the video game. Experiment 2 showed that arousal (as reflected by the reduction in parasympathetic activity and increase in sympathetic activity) is a critical physiological condition for enhanced cognitive states and corresponding attentional enhancements.

Transcriptome-wide Identification and Validation of Interactions between the miRNA Machinery and HuR on mRNA Targets.

The 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs is the primary regulatory region that mediates post-transcriptional control by microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins in the cytoplasm. Aside from individual sequence-specific binding and regulation, examples of interaction between these factors at particular 3' UTR sites have emerged. However, the whole picture of such higher-order regulatory modules across the transcriptome is lacking.

Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated by Using an Environmental Friendly Aprotic Polar Additive of 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have great potentials in photovoltaics due to their high power conversion efficiency and low processing cost. PSCs are usually fabricated from PbI/dimethylformamide solution with some toxic additives, such as N-methyl pyrrolidone and hexamethylphosphoramide. Here, we use an environmental friendly aprotic polar solvent, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI), to fabricate perovskite films.

Non-noble metal-catalysed carbonylative transformations.

Transition metal catalysts are formidable tools towards greener chemistry, allowing for low-waste, energy-efficient, and selective reactions. And transition metal-catalysed carbonylation procedures are powerful methodologies for producing carbonyl-containing compounds. The existing reviews/chapters/books are mainly focused on noble metal (Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt) catalysed carbonylation reactions.

GC-MS Profiling of Volatile Components in Different Fermentation Products of Cordyceps Sinensis Mycelia.

The fermentation products of () mycelia are sustainable substitutes for natural . However, the volatile compositions of the commercial products are still unclear. In this paper, we have developed a simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the profiling of volatile components in five fermentation products.

Elucidating the Key Role of a Lewis Base Solvent in the Formation of Perovskite Films Fabricated from the Lewis Adduct Approach.

High-quality perovskite films can be fabricated from Lewis acid-base adducts through molecule exchange. Substantial work is needed to fully understand the formation mechanism of the perovskite films, which helps to further improve their quality. Here, we study the formation of CHNHPbI perovskite films by introducing some dimethylacetamide into the PbI/N,N-dimethylformamide solution.

In Situ Observation of Crystallization of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite from Microdroplets.

It is of great importance to investigate the crystallization of organometallic perovskite from solution for enhancing performance of perovskite solar cells. Here, this study develops a facile method for in situ observation of crystallization and growth of the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI ) perovskite from microdroplets ejected by an alternating viscous and inertial force jetting method. It is found that there are two crystallization modes when MAPbI grows from the CH NH I (MAI)/PbI /N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution: needle precursors and granular perovskites.

Iridium-Catalyzed and Ligand-Controlled Carbonylative Synthesis of Flavones from Simple Phenols and Internal Alkynes.

Flavones are important natural products with diverse biological activities. In this study, a novel procedure for the carbonylative synthesis of flavones has been developed by using simple phenols and internal alkynes as the substrates. Various flavones were isolated in moderate to good yields with excellent regioselectivity and functional group tolerance by using an iridium catalyst system.

An unexpected copper-catalyzed carbonylative acetylation of amines.

A novel copper-catalyzed carbonylative acetylation of amines has been developed. With peroxide as the oxidant as well as the methyl source with a copper catalyst under CO pressure, good yields of N-acetyl amides could be obtained. Notably, this is the first example of carbonylative acetylation.

Copper-Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Alkanes with Alcohols.

Esters are important chemicals widely used in various areas, and alkoxycarbonylation represents one of the most powerful tools for their synthesis. In this communication, a new copper-catalyzed carbonylative procedure for the synthesis of aliphatic esters from cycloalkanes and alcohols was developed. Through direct activation of the Csp3 -H bond of alkanes and with alcohols as the nucleophiles, the desired esters were prepared in moderate-to-good yields.

Enhanced performance of perovskite solar cells by modulating the Lewis acid-base reaction.

The Lewis acid-base reaction between PbI and solvent molecules is popular in fabricating PbI films by a two-step method for making perovskite solar cells. Here, we control the microstructure of PbI films through modulating the Lewis acid-base reaction by adding a small amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone into PbI/DMF solution. PbI films with excellent crystallinity and full coverage are fabricated by spin-coating the mixed solution on the substrate, which leads to high quality perovskite layers with low recombination rate and high efficiency for carrier transfer.

Simultaneous determination of trace Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry using a reduced graphene oxide-chitosan/poly-l-lysine nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode.

The reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and Chitosan (CS) hybrid matrix RGO-CS were coated onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface, then, poly-l-lysine films (PLL) were prepared by electropolymerization with cyclic voltammetry (CV) method to prepare RGO-CS/PLL modified glassy carbon electrode (RGO-CS/PLL/GCE) for the simultaneous electrochemical determination of heavy metal ions Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II). Combining the advantageous features of RGO and CS, RGO and CS are used together because the positively charged CS can interact with the negatively changed RGO to prevent their aggregation. Furthermore, CS has many amino groups along its macromolecular chains and possessed strongly reactive with metal ions.

Synthesis of Thioethers and Thioesters with Alkyl Arylsulfinates as the Sulfenylation Agent under Metal-Free Conditions.

A study on the coupling of cycloalkanes with alkyl arylsulfinates has been performed. Using iodine as the catalyst, through Csp3 -H bond activation and sulfinates reduction, a wide range of thioethers were produced in moderate to high yields. Additionally, various thiocarboxylic esters can also be produced by simply performing the reaction under CO pressure.

Iridium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Chromenones from Simple Phenols and Internal Alkynes at Atmospheric Pressure.

A novel procedure on the carbonylative synthesis of chromenones has been developed. With simple phenols and internal alkynes as the substrates, various chromenones were isolated in moderate to good yields with excellent regioselectivity and functional-group tolerance by using iridium as the catalyst and copper as the promotor at atmospheric pressure. Notably, this is the first example on carbonylative annulation of simple phenols and alkynes.

Identification and Localization of β-D-Glucosidase from Two Typical Oenococcus oeni Strains.

β-D-glucosidase (βG) gene from Oenococcus oeni SD-2a and 31MBR was cloned, sequenced and analyzed, also intracellular βG of the two strains was further localized. The results showed that βG gene of the two strains was in high homology (> 99%) to reported βG gene, con-firming both strains possess βG activity at the molecular level. Intracellular βG of SD-2a is a mainly soluble protein, existing mostly in the cytoplasm and to some extent in the periplasm.

Copper-Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of Cycloalkanes and Amides.

Carbonylation reactions are a most powerful method for the synthesis of carbonyl-containing compounds. However, most known carbonylation procedures still require noble-metal catalysts and the use of activated compounds and good nucleophiles as substrates. Herein, we developed a copper-catalyzed carbonylative transformation of cycloalkanes and amides.

Palladium-Catalyzed Construction of Amidines from Arylboronic Acids under Oxidative Conditions.

A valuable palladium-catalyzed three-component coupling reaction for the synthesis of amidines has been developed. Using arylboronic acids, isocyanides, and anilines as the reactants under oxidative conditions, various amidines were isolated in good yields with good functional group tolerances.

Csk/Src/EGFR signaling regulates migration of myofibroblasts and alveolarization.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by premature alveolar developmental arrest. Antenatal exposure to inflammation inhibits lung morphogenesis, thus increasing the risk of developing BPD. Alveolar myofibroblasts are thought to migrate into the septal tips and elongate secondary septa during alveolarization.

Identification and Localization of β-D-Glucosidase from Two Typical Oenococcus oeni Strains.

β-D-glucosidase (βG) gene from Oenococcus oeni SD-2a and 31MBR was cloned, sequenced and analyzed, also intracellular βG of the two strains was further localized. The results showed that βG gene of the two strains was in high homology (> 99%) to reported βG gene, confirming both strains possess βG activity at the molecular level. Intracellular βG of SD-2a is a mainly soluble protein, existing mostly in the cytoplasm and to some extent in the periplasm.

[Recurrence of Cerebral Infarction Associated Aspirin Resistance or Chinese Medical Constitutions: a Correlation Study].

Objective: To explore the correlation between the recurrence of cerebral infarction and aspirin resistance (AR)/Chinese medical (CM) constitutions.

Methods: Totally 413 cerebral infarction patients took Aspirin Enteric-coated Tablet (100 mg per day) while receiving routine therapy, 5 days at least in a week. They were followed-up for 12 months.