Effect and mechanism of oritavancin on hIAPP amyloid formation.

Amyloidosis of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is closely related to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and serves as both a diagnostic hallmark and a key therapeutic target for T2D. In this study, we discovered that oritavancin (Ori), a glycopeptide antibiotic primarily prescribed for Gram-positive bacterial infections, can dose-dependently inhibit recombinant hIAPP (rhIAPP) amyloid formation. Ori specifically inhibited rhIAPP amyloid formation at the initial nucleation stage but didn't affect mature rhIAPP fibrils.

Cyclopamine inhibits corneal neovascularization and fibrosis by alleviating inflammatory macrophage recruitment and endothelial cell activation.

Purpose: To explore the function of cyclopamine in corneal neovascularization and subsequent fibrosis after cornea alkali-burn injury.

Methods: In vivo, mice cornea were injured by NaOH, and then treated with cyclopamine, clodronate liposomes (CLO-LPS), and vehicle of cyclopamine separately by subconjunctival injections. Clinical features were observed and pathological characteristics were examined.

Tryptophan metabolism-related gene CYP1B1 serves as a shared biomarker for both Parkinson's disease and insomnia.

Parkinson's disease (PD) and insomnia are prevalent neurological disorders, with emerging evidence implicating tryptophan (TRP) metabolism in their pathogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms by which TRP metabolism contributes to these conditions remain insufficiently elucidated. This study explores shared tryptophan metabolism-related genes (TMRGs) and molecular mechanisms underlying PD and insomnia, aiming to provide insights into their shared pathogenesis.

New C-linked diarylheptanoid dimers as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors evidenced by biological, spectral and theoretical approaches.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, generally due to defects of insulin action or secretion. Inhibition of α-glucosidase, an enzyme responsible for carbohydrate degradation, is a promising strategy for managing postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. In this study, two new C-linked diarylheptanoid dimers, kaemgalanganols A (1) and B (2), were isolated from K.

A novel annexin dimer targets microglial phagocytosis of astrocytes to protect the brain-blood barrier after cerebral ischemia.

Despite the vital role of astrocytes in preserving blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, their therapeutic potential as targets in ischemic stroke-induced barrier disruption remains underexplored. We previously reported externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) on astrocytic membranes concurrent with the emergence of PS externalization in neurons. PS externalization of astrocytes induced microglial phagocytosis of astrocytes, resulting in reduced astrocyte-vascular coupling and subsequent BBB breakdown.

Enzyme-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution for the Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran Esters and Evaluation of Their Anti-inflammatory Activity.

Utilizing enzymes as biocatalysts, an alternative strategy has been developed for the highly enantioselective synthesis of chiral 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (2,3-DHB) esters via the dynamic kinetic resolution of 2,3-dihydro-3-benzofuranols, which are generated from an intramolecular Aldol reaction. This protocol provides easy access to a series of 2,3-DHB ester derivatives, prodrugs, and allows for functional group transformations. Biological evaluation also indicates that some of the products exhibit potent anti-inflammatory activity.

The mango bacterial black spot altered the endophyte community structure and diversity.

Mango bacterial black spot is a major disease limiting mango production, which is now causing increasingly severe economic losses. In this study, we analyzed the differences in the composition and structure of bacterial and fungal communities in the pulp and leaves between the healthy mangoes of variety Kate and those affected by bacterial black spot, and attempted to explore potential biocontrol microorganisms for mangoes. The results showed there existed significant differences in microbial communities, the bacterial Stenotrophomonas, Curtobacterium, Massilia and fungous Penicillium, Alternaria, Aureobasidiu showed great abundance both in pulps and leaves.

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery: A meta-analysis.

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common adverse event after general surgery. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery.

Method: The Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were accessed from inception to 23 January 2024.

The association between brominated flame retardants exposure with Parkinson's disease in US adults: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2016.

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that environmental factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Humans are simultaneously exposed to multiple brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in the environment. However, the relationship between BFRs and PD remains unclear.

Fluoxetine Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits in High-Fat Diet Mice by Regulating BDNF Expression.

High-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity is associated with depression-related behavioral and neurogenic changes and may lead to cognitive impairment. Fluoxetine (FXT), the most commonly used antidepressant, may alleviate depressive symptoms by increasing neurogenesis, but the potential efficacy of FXT for HFD-induced cognitive deficits is unclear. In this study, we established an obese HFD mouse model by feeding three-week-old male C57BL/6N mice with a chronic HFD for 18 weeks, then assessed adipose tissue morphology by magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology, assessed cognitive function by Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests, and detected DCX and BrdU expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region by immunofluorescence bioassay.

Effects of olanzapine in the improvement of body weight and appetite in patients with cancer or receiving chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of olanzapine in the improvement of body weight and appetite in patients with cancer or receiving chemotherapy through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: We searched the following databases from their inception to April 23, 2024: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The mean difference (MD) and risk ratios were used to calculate by random effects models.

Mutating a flexible region of the RSV F protein can stabilize the prefusion conformation.

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) glycoprotein is highly immunogenic in its prefusion (pre-F) conformation. However, the protein is unstable, and its conformation must be stabilized for it to function effectively as an immunogen in vaccines. We present a mutagenesis strategy to arrest the RSV F protein in its pre-F state by blocking localized changes in protein structure that accompany large-scale conformational rearrangements.

-Difluoroacetylhexosamine as a Substrate-Engineering Precursor for Glycosylation Reactions.

We present the application of -difluoroacetylglucosamine (GlcNDFA) in a chemical evolution strategy to synthesize oligosaccharides. In comparison to conventional -trifluoroacetylglucosamine, GlcNDFA exhibits superior substrate compatibility with glycosyltransferases as well as stability in aqueous environments. Using our 16-step assembly line, GlcNDFA can be used to produce homogeneous dekaparin, a heparin-like medication, with a yield of 62.

Global burden of breast cancer and attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background And Objective: Breast cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. This study aimed to assess the global burden of breast cancer and identify attributable risk factors across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we analyzed the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and risk factors associated with breast cancer.

PRCP is a promising drug target for intracranial aneurysm rupture supported via multi-omics analysis.

Background: Cerebral aneurysms are life-threatening cerebrovascular disorders. Currently, there are no effective treatments for preventing disease progression. Mendelian randomisation (MR) is widely used to repurify licensed drugs and identify new therapeutic targets.

Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic stroke, 1990-2021: an analysis of data from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Ischemic stroke remains a major contributor to global mortality and morbidity. This study aims to provide an updated assessment of rates in ischemic stroke prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021, specifically focusing on including prevalence investigation alongside other measures. The analysis is stratified by sex, age, and socio-demographic index (SDI) at global, regional, and national levels.

Global, regional, and national burden and trends of migraine among youths and young adults aged 15-39 years from 1990 to 2021: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Migraine, a widespread neurological condition, substantially affects the quality of life, particularly for adolescents and young adults. While its impact is significant, there remains a paucity of comprehensive global research on the burden of migraine in younger demographics. Our study sought to elucidate the global prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) associated with migraine in the 15-39 age group from 1990 to 2021, utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study.