Origin of Nonlinear Circular Photocurrent in 2D Semiconductor MoS_{2}.

Nonlinear photogalvanic effects in two-dimensional materials, particularly the nonlinear circular photocurrents (NCPs) that belong to the helicity-dependent spin photocurrents, have sparked enormous research interest. Although notable progress has been witnessed, the underling origin of NCPs remains elusive. Here, we present systematic photocurrent characteristics, symmetry analysis and theoretical calculations to uncover the physical origin of NCPs in MoS_{2}, a prototypical 2D semiconductor.

Effects of DA-6 and MC on the growth, physiology, and yield characteristics of soybean.

Background: As a grain and oil crop, soybean presents a much lower yield than other staple crops. However, crop yields can be improved by applying modern agricultural technology, such as diethylaminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) and mepiquat chloride (MC), which are important plant-growth regulators that substantially affect crop growth and yield.

Methods: This study examined the effects of DA-6 (30, 60, or 90 mg L) and MC (100, 200, or 400 mg L) on soybean growth, development, root structure, photosynthetic physiology, osmotic regulation, and yield via field and pot experiments.

Role of GPX3+ astrocytes in breast cancer brain metastasis activated by circulating tumor cell exosomes.

Brain metastasis from breast cancer (BMBC) contributes significantly to mortality, yet its mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the activation of GPX3+ astrocytes by circulating tumor cell (CTC)-derived exosomes in the metastatic process. Using a mouse model of BMBC, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and metabolomics to explore the role of GPX3+ astrocytes in the brain microenvironment.

Structural basis of DNA replication fidelity of the Mpox virus.

The Mpox virus (MPXV) is an orthopoxvirus that caused a global outbreak in 2022. The poxvirus DNA polymerase complex is responsible for the replication and integrity of the viral genome; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying DNA replication fidelity are still unclear. In this study, we determined the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the MPXV F8-A22-E4 polymerase holoenzyme in its editing state, in complex with mismatched primer-template DNA and DNA containing uracil deoxynucleotide.

Ultrafast Switching Speed Demonstrated in Wafer-Scale Integration of Crystalline Undoped HfO-Based Ferroelectrics.

Hafnium oxide-based ferroelectric materials have been researched extensively for high-speed, low-power nonvolatile memory devices. However, doping HfO through atomic layer deposition (ALD) cycles primarily aims to enhance specific properties but also introduces challenges in balancing performance and reliability. Therefore, understanding the properties of intrinsic crystalline HfO-based ferroelectric materials and developing undoped HfO ferroelectric devices with exceptional comprehensive properties are crucial.

Costs estimation of three models of COVID-19 vaccination in Beijing, China.

Since the emergency use authorization for the COVID-19 vaccine in 2021, the Chinese government has used three vaccination models: vaccination clinic, mass vaccination center, and door-to-door service. This study compared these three different models, focusing on costs, and implementation in each vaccination strategy. A cross-sectional study, conducted during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign from January 1 to 20, 2021, utilized a questionnaire to collect data on vaccination sites and conducted a random sample costs analysis of three models.

Comparison of the W-DEQ and CAQ in assessing FOC among pregnant women in China.

This study compared the efficacy of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) and the Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire (CAQ) in assessing fear of childbirth (FOC) among hospitalized pregnant women, aiming to identify a practical screening tool. A total of 184 pregnant women were recruited from the Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital using convenience sampling. Data were collected through the General Demographic Questionnaire, Fear of Birth Scale (FOBS), W-DEQ, and CAQ.

Coordinating interleukin-2 encoding circRNA with immunomodulatory lipid nanoparticles to potentiate cancer immunotherapy.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine vital for CD8 T cell activation and proliferation, holding great potential for cancer immunotherapy. Nevertheless, inherent shortcomings of short half-life, activation of regulatory T (T) cells, and systemic toxicity limit its application. To tackle these, a circular RNA (cRNA)-based IL-2 therapy using immunomodulatory lipid nanoparticles [ursodeoxycholic acid lipid nanoparticles (ULNPs)] and sustained-release hydrogel was developed.

Psychological safety and psychosocial safety climate in workplace: A bibliometric analysis and systematic review towards a research agenda.

Introduction: Research on workplace safety has seen significant growth in academic and industry-focused literature over the past 20 years. However, the extant literature on workplace safety tends to focus on safety outcomes of physical accidents and injuries while relegating its conceptual and theoretical development to the background. Psychological safety and psychosocial safety climate in the workplace are essential to workers' health and safety.

Overall survival according to time-of-day of combined immuno-chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a bicentric bicontinental study.

Background: Circadian rhythms regulate immune cell activity, influencing responses to vaccines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Early time-of-day administration (ToDA) of singe-agent ICIs has been associated with improved overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic "immunotherapy sensitive" cancers. However, the impact of ToDA on OS in patients receiving combination therapy with ICIs and chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear.

From friction to flow: Dyadic affective flexibility during and after conflicts predicts trajectories of mother-adolescent relationships.

Real-time affective dynamics surrounding everyday conflicts are central to the quality of relationships between mothers and their socioemotionally maturing adolescents. In this longitudinal study, we examined whether dyadic affective flexibility in early adolescence predicted trajectories of mother-adolescent relationship closeness and conflicts over time. We focused on flexibility not only in dyads' emotional fluctuations conflict interactions (i.

Hosta plantaginea Flower Ameliorates Chronic Pharyngitis by Suppressing Inflammation via the JAK-STAT/PI3K/MAPK Signaling Axis in Rats.

Hosta plantaginea flower is an important Chinese herb in treating chronic pharyngitis (CP); however, its pharmacodynamics against CP and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study demonstrated that the ethyl acetate (HPB) and n-butanol (HPC) fractions of the H. plantaginea flower were the active fractions against CP, as they significantly increased the body weight, improved damaged pharyngeal tissues, and reduced TNF-α, PGE2, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in rats induced by 5% ammonia solution.

Characteristics and Risk Factors of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Pneumonitis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICI-P) is a life-threatening complication, limiting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) clinical application in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But risk factors for developing ICI-P have not been well defined.

Methods: This study employed a retrospective analysis method.

Evaluation and prediction of relapse risk in stable systemic lupus erythematosus patients after glucocorticoid withdrawal (PRESS): an open-label, multicentre, non-inferiority, randomised controlled study in China.

Objectives: To explore the relapse rate after glucocorticoid (GC) withdrawal with or without hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) maintenance in sustained clinically inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: The PRESS trial is a multicentre, 33-week, open-label, three-arm, non-inferiority designed, randomised controlled trial. SLE patients with sustained clinically inactive disease who maintained on low-dose GC plus HCQ therapy were screened and qualified patients were randomly assigned to three groups: drug-free group (both GC and HCQ withdrew); HCQ group (discontinued GC but maintained HCQ); dual maintenance group (both GC and HCQ continued).

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of methotrexate injection and methotrexate tablets in active active rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous methotrexate (SC MTX) and oral MTX (OR MTX) in treating Chinese patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: This study included patients with active RA in China. All patients were randomly assigned to receive SC MTX or OR MTX.

Receptor binding, structure, and tissue tropism of cattle-infecting H5N1 avian influenza virus hemagglutinin.

The ongoing circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) viruses, particularly clade 2.3.4.

Integrating WHO thinking healthy programme for maternal mental health into routine antenatal care in China: a randomized-controlled pilot trial.

Background: Women with perinatal depression and their children are at increased risk of poor health outcomes. Integrating evidence based non-stigmatizing interventions within existing health systems is crucial to reducing psychosocial distress during pregnancy and preventing perinatal depression. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed cognitive-behavior therapy-based Thinking Healthy Programme (THP), delivered by antenatal nurses in China.

Sildenafil Attenuates Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn via Inhibiting the Growth and Migration of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells.

Introduction: Sildenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, modulates vascular dysfunction, with hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation, migration, and invasion closely implicated in vascular remodeling in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). This study aimed to assess sildenafil's protective effects against PPHN and elucidate underlying molecular pathways.

Methods: Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing, and Transwell assays evaluated rat PASMC proliferation, migration, and invasion under hypoxia.

Sirt1 Regulates Phenotypic Transformation of Diabetic Cardiac Fibroblasts through Akt/Α-SMA Pathway.

Aims: Cardiac fibrosis causes most pathological alterations of cardiomyopathy in diabetes and heart failure patients. The activation and transformation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are the main pathological mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis. It has been established that Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders.

Surgical and Ablation Therapies for Atrial Appendage Tachycardia in Children.

Background: Atrial tachycardia (AT) originate from the atrial appendage present unique clinical challenges in pediatrics. It is typically persistent, frequently leading to tachycardiomyopathy, and poses significant treatment difficulties.

Objectives: This study aimed to collate and analyze the clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of radiofrequency ablation (RFCA) and with atrial appendage resection for the treatment of AT originating from the atrial appendages in pediatric patients.

Ultra-low dose dual-layer detector spectral CT for pulmonary nodule screening: image quality and diagnostic performance.

Objectives: To investigate the image quality and diagnostic performance with ultra-low dose dual-layer detector spectral CT (DLSCT) by various reconstruction techniques for evaluation of pulmonary nodules.

Materials And Methods: Between April 2023 and December 2023, patients with suspected pulmonary nodules were prospectively enrolled and underwent regular-dose chest CT (RDCT; 120 kVp/automatic tube current) and ultra-low dose CT (ULDCT; 100 kVp/10 mAs) on a DLSCT scanner. ULDCT was reconstructed with hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR), electron density map (EDM), and virtual monoenergetic images at 40 keV and 70 keV.

Characterization and dosimetric predictors for absolute lymphocyte count changes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with or without pembrolizumab for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: an analysis of a prospective cohort.

Aim: To characterize the differences of dynamic changes for absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) among esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) with or without pembrolizumab, as well as to investigate the clinical and lymphocyte-related organs dosimetric parameters that would impact ALC nadir during nCRT.

Materials And Methods: A total of 216 ESCC patients who received nCRT (with pembrolizumab 144; without pembrolizumab: 72) were identified from a prospective cohort. Weekly and 1-month post-nCRT ALC were identified.

Environmental factors inducing gastric cancer: insights into risk and prevention strategies.

Gastric cancer, a prevalent malignant tumor worldwide, poses a significant challenge to global health. Despite ongoing advancements in treatment methods, its high incidence and mortality rates remain concerning. Although progress in treating gastric cancer is encouraging, a more critical focus is on enhancing prevention efforts.

Construction and high-throughput screening of gradient nanowire coatings on titanium surface towards ameliorated osseointegration.

Surface nano-modification has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance osseointegration of titanium (Ti) implants. Despite its promise, rational optimization of surface nanomorphology for ameliorated osseointegration remains a significant challenge. Our research pioneering developed a one-step alkali etching technique to produce a gradient nanowire coating with continuously varied dimensions on Ti surfaces, which was subsequently served as a versatile platform for high-throughput screening of optimal dimensions to enhance osseointegration.

Tumor burden with AFP improves survival prediction for TACE-treated patients with HCC: An international observational study.

Background & Aims: Current prognostic models for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) are not extensively validated and widely accepted. We aimed to develop and validate a continuous model incorporating tumor burden and biology for individual survival prediction and risk stratification.

Methods: Overall, 4,377 treatment-naive candidates for whom TACE was recommended, from 39 centers in five countries, were enrolled and divided into training, internal validation, and two external validation datasets.