Causal relationship between hippocampal subfield volume and alzheimer's disease: a mendelian randomization study.

Background And Objective: Numerous studies suggest that the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) leads to a reduction in overall hippocampal volume. However, there is limited research exploring whether pre-morbid differences in hippocampal volume impact the risk of AD. This study aims to delve into the causal relationship between hippocampal subregional volume and AD using bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) methods.

Nanotwin-Induced Ferrimagnetism in an Antiferromagnetic CrO Thin Film on the SrTiO Substrate.

Nanotwinned materials have recently attracted intense interest since they often exhibit excellent mechanical properties that are far superior to those of the corresponding single crystals. However, how nanotwinned structures affect the physical properties of functional materials remains almost unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate ferrimagnetism in a nanotwinned antiferromagnetic CrO thin film.

Single-Atom Suture.

In atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials, grain boundaries (GBs) are ubiquitous, displaying a profound effect on the electronic structure of the host lattice. The random configuration of atoms within GBs introduces an arbitrary and unpredictable local electronic environment, which may hazard electron transport. Herein, by utilizing the Pt single-atom chains with an ultimate one-dimensional (1D) feature (width of a single atom and length up to tens of nanometers), we realized the suture of the electron pathway at GBs of diversified transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs).

Tunable Characteristics of Optical Frequency Combs from InGaAs/GaAs Two-Section Mode-Locked Lasers.

We observed tunable characteristics of optical frequency combs (OFCs) generated from InGaAs/GaAs double quantum wells (DQWs) asymmetric waveguide two-section mode-locked lasers (TS-MLLs). This involves an asymmetric waveguide mode-locked semiconductor laser (AWML-SL) operating at a center wavelength of net modal gain of approximately 1.06 µm, which indicates a stable pulse shape, with the power-current(P-I) characteristic curve revealing a small difference between forward and reverse drive currents in the gain region.

Molybdenum-Catalyzed ()-Selective Anti-Markovnikov Hydrosilylation of Alkynes.

Herein, we report the first example of molybdenum-catalyzed ()-Selective anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation of alkynes. The reaction operates effectively with the utilization of minute amounts of the inexpensive, bench-stable pre-catalyst and ligand under mild conditions. Moreover, this molybdenum-catalyzed hydrosilylation process features the advantages of simple operation, excellent selectivity, and broad functional groups tolerance.

Drought Stress Inhibits the Accumulation of Rotenoids and the Biosynthesis of Drought-Responsive Phytohormones in (Edgew.) Heim Calli.

, distributed in the high-altitude, arid, and semi-arid regions of Xizang, exhibits great tolerance to drought, which is rich in rotenoids and other secondary metabolites. It is still unknown, though, how drought stress influences rotenoid synthesis in . : In this study, the calli of were subjected to 5% PEG6000 for 0, 20, and 40 h and divided into control group (CK), mild-drought-treated group (M), and high-drought-treated group (H), respectively.

The Physiological Functions and Therapeutic Potential of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Vascular Calcification.

HIF-1α plays a crucial regulatory role in vascular calcification (VC), primarily influencing the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs through oxygen-sensing mechanisms. Under hypoxic conditions, the stability of HIF-1α increases, avoiding PHD and VHL protein-mediated degradation, which promotes its accumulation in cells and then activates gene expressions related to calcification. Additionally, HIF-1α modulates the metabolic state of VSMCs by regulating the pathways that govern the switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, thereby further advancing the calcification process.

Berries and Their Active Compounds in Prevention of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in the elderly, significantly diminishing quality of life. Currently, there is no available treatment to reverse retinal degeneration and neuronal loss, prompting a focus on interventions that slow the progression of intermediate AMD and geographic atrophy. Berries are rich in bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and resveratrol, known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties.

Intravenous injection of PCSK9 gain-of-function mutation in C57BL/6J background mice on Angiotensin II-induced AAA.

Objective: This study was performed to compare the incidence of Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) between intravenous and intraperitoneal injection of AAV8.mPCSK9 in wild-type (WT) mice with C57BL/6J background and the pathological differences of above model in WT and ApoE mice.

Design: Male WT mice were injected intraperitoneally or intravenously with either a AAV8.

Anchorage Accurately Assembles Anchor-Flanked Synthetic Long Reads.

Modern sequencing technologies allow for the addition of short-sequence tags, known as anchors, to both ends of a captured molecule. Anchors are useful in assembling the full-length sequence of a captured molecule as they can be used to accurately determine the endpoints. One representative of such anchor-enabled technology is LoopSeq Solo, a synthetic long read (SLR) sequencing protocol.

LIN28A-dependent lncRNA NEAT1 aggravates sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome through destabilizing ACE2 mRNA by RNA methylation.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening and heterogeneous disorder leading to lung injury. To date, effective therapies for ARDS remain limited. Sepsis is a frequent inducer of ARDS.

Contrast-associated acute kidney injury in patients with diabetes mellitus following elective percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from an iodixanol-acute kidney injury registry study.

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are particularly susceptible to contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI). However, few studies have evaluated CA-AKI stages in patients with DM following elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with iodixanol.

Methods: Patients with DM who underwent elective PCI in 8 Chinese hospitals from May 2020 to November 2021 were prospectively enrolled in the Iodixanol-Acute Kidney Injury Registry (No.

N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation, a new hallmark of metabolic reprogramming in the immune microenvironment.

N6-methyladenosine is one of the most common and reversible post-transcriptional modifications in eukaryotes, and it is involved in alternative splicing and RNA transcription, degradation, and translation. It is well known that cancer cells acquire energy through metabolic reprogramming to exhibit various biological behaviors. Moreover, numerous studies have demonstrated that m6A induces cancer metabolic reprogramming by regulating the expression of core metabolic genes or by activating metabolic signaling pathways.

Bioinformatics and assays identified miR-486-5p as a tumor suppressor miRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: This study aimed to explore key microRNAs (miRNAs) and their effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression.

Methods: Key deregulated miRNAs in HCC were screened from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The anti-cancer effects of miR-486-5p were validated using a cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, scratch assay, transwell assay, and an orthotopic transplantation tumor model.

Heavy mechanical force decelerates orthodontic tooth movement via Piezo1-induced mitochondrial calcium down-regulation.

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) depends on periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), which sense biomechanical stimuli and initiate alveolar bone remodeling. Light (optimal) forces accelerate OTM, whereas heavy forces decelerate it. However, the mechanisms by which PDLCs sense biomechanical stimuli and affect osteoclastic activities under different mechanical forces (MFs) remain unclear.

Zinc finger protein 593 promotes breast cancer development by ensuring DNA damage repair and cell-cycle progression.

Breast cancer, a common malignancy and top cause of female cancer deaths globally, urgently requires new biomarkers and insights into its progression and chemoresistance. In this study, we identify ZNF593, a member of the zinc finger protein family, as an understudied oncogene in breast cancer. ZNF593 is significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, which is linked to poor prognosis and advanced clinicopathological features.

KGPM: A Knowledge-Guided Predictive Model for Virtual Metering in Gas Wells.

One of the key points in the construction of smart oil and gas fields is the effective utilization of data. Virtual Flow Metering (VFM), as one of the representative research directions for digital transformation, can obtain real-time production from oil and gas wells without the need for additional field instrumentation, utilizing pressure and temperature data obtained from sensors and employing multiphase flow mechanism models. The data-driven VFM demonstrates a commendable capacity in capturing the nonlinear relationship between sensor data and flow rates, while circumventing the necessity for rigorous analysis of the underlying mechanistic processes.

Deficiency of Endothelial Impairs Pulmonary Vascular Angiogenesis and Predisposes Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel plays a key role in pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the role of Piezo2 in PH remains unclear.

Methods: Endothelial cell (EC)-specific knockout (, Tek-Cre; ) rats and primarily cultured pulmonary microvascular ECs were used to determine the role of Piezo2 in PH.

The network structural entropy for single-cell RNA sequencing data during skin aging.

Aging is a complex and heterogeneous biological process at cellular, tissue, and individual levels. Despite extensive effort in scientific research, a comprehensive understanding of aging mechanisms remains lacking. This study analyzed aging-related gene networks, using single-cell RNA sequencing data from >15 000 cells.

Deficiency of hepatokine orosomucoid1 aggravates NAFLD progression in mice.

Orosomucoid (ORM) is an important hepatokine that regulates metabolism. Previous report showed that isoform ORM2 but not ORM1 could downregulate lipogenic genes and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in obese mice, thereby categorizing ORM2 as a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, our previous studies found that mice lacking ORM1 gradually developed an obese phenotype with severe hepatic steatosis at the age of 24 weeks.

Natural products targeting RAS by multiple mechanisms and its therapeutic potential in cancer: An update since 2020.

RAS proteins, as pivotal signal transduction molecules, are frequently mutated and hyperactivated in various human cancers, closely associated with tumor cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Despite extensive research on RAS targeted therapies, developing effective RAS inhibitors remains a significant challenge. Natural products, endowed with unique chemical structures and diverse biological activities through long-term natural selection, have emerged as a vital resource for discovering novel RAS-targeted therapeutic drugs.

Tracking the Geometric and Positional Isomerization of Lipid C═C Bonds in the Bacterial Stress Responses by Mass Spectrometry.

The position and configuration of the C═C bond have a significant impact on the spatial conformation of unsaturated lipids, which subsequently affects their biological functions. Double bond isomerization of lipids is an important mechanism of bacterial stress response, but its in-depth mechanistic study still lacks effective analytical tools. Here, we developed a visible-light-activated dual-pathway reaction system that enables simultaneous [2 + 2] cycloaddition and catalytic - isomerization of the C═C bond of unsaturated lipids via directly excited anthraquinone radicals.

Macrophage STING signaling promotes fibrosis in benign airway stenosis via an IL6-STAT3 pathway.

Acute and chronic inflammation are important pathologies of benign airway stenosis (BAS) fibrosis, which is a frequent complication of critically ill patients. cGAS-STING signalling has an important role in inflammation and fibrosis, yet the function of STING in BAS remains unclear. Here we demonstrate using scRNA sequencing that cGAS‒STING signalling is involved in BAS, which is accompanied by increased dsDNA, expression and activation of STING.

Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Cysteamine Dioxygenase Gene with Taurine Content in Oyster Crassostrea gigas.

The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is rich in taurine, a conditionally essential amino acid functioning in anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, osmoregulation, and neuromodulation. Breeding oyster varieties with enhanced taurine content is significant to meet people's demand for high-quality oysters. In the present study, polymorphisms in the oyster cysteamine dioxygenase (CgADO) gene that encodes the central enzyme of the cysteamine pathway for taurine synthesis were investigated, and their association with taurine content was assessed in the Changhai (CH) and Qinhuangdao (QHD) populations.

Real-world analysis of medications inducing meibomian gland dysfunction: based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database.

Background: Dry eye syndrome (DES) significantly affects quality of life. Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is a primary contributor to DES and may be drug-induced.

Research Design And Methods: This study analyzed data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) between January 2004 and September 2023 using the Ratio of Odds Ratios (ROR) and Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR) to detect potential drug-induced MGD signals.