Hope for vascular cognitive impairment: Ac-YVAD-cmk as a novel treatment against white matter rarefaction.

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second leading cause of dementia with limited treatment options, characterised by cerebral hypoperfusion-induced white matter rarefaction (WMR). Subcortical VCI is the most common form of VCI, but the underlying reasons for region susceptibility remain elusive. Recent studies employing the bilateral cortical artery stenosis (BCAS) method demonstrate that various inflammasomes regulate white matter injury and blood-brain barrier dysfunction but whether caspase-1 inhibition will be beneficial remains unclear.

Hepatic Homeostasis of Metal Ions Following Acute Repeated Stress Exposure in Rats.

Essential metals such as copper, iron, and zinc are cofactors in various biological processes including oxygen utilisation, cell growth, and biomolecular synthesis. The homeostasis of these essential metals is carefully controlled through a system of protein transporters involved in the uptake, storage, and secretion. Some metal ions can be transformed by processes including reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions, and correspondingly, the breakdown of metal ion homeostasis can lead to formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.

Preventive effects of the novel antimicrobial peptide Nal-P-113 in a rat Periodontitis model by limiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and modulating IL-1β and TNF-α production.

Background: P-113 (AKRHHGYKRKFH-NH2) is a 12-amino-acid histidine-rich peptide derived from histatin 5 that is highly degradable in high salt concentrations and biological fluids such as serum, plasma and saliva. Nal-P-113, a novel antimicrobial peptide whose histidine residues are replaced by the bulky amino acids β-naphthylalanine, causes the antimicrobial peptide to retain its bactericidal activity even in physiological environments. This study evaluated the effect of the novel antimicrobial peptide Nal-P-113 in a rat periodontitis model and the mechanisms of action of Nal-P-113 for suppressing periodontitis.

Molecular pathways underlying inhibitory effect of antimicrobial peptide Nal-P-113 on bacteria biofilms formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 by DNA microarray.

Background: Wound-related infection remains a major challenge for health professionals. One disadvantage in conventional antibiotics is their inability to penetrate biofilms, the main protective strategy for bacteria to evade irradiation. Previously, we have shown that synthetic antimicrobial peptides could inhibit bacterial biofilms formation.

Gene expression changes in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 after inoculation in rat oral cavity.

Background: The development of chronic periodontitis was due to not only periodontal pathogens, but also the interaction between periodontal pathogens and host. The aim of this study is to investigate the alterations in gene expression in Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis) W83 after inoculation in rat oral cavity.

[A study of frequency of TNF alpha gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis].

Purpose: To detect the frequency of TNF alpha gene in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis, periodontitis without any systemic diseases and healthy controls.

Methods: The case series were consisted of 112 patients with moderate, severe type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis, 99 patients with moderate, severe periodontitis without any systemic disease, 50 age- and gender-matched subjects with healthy periodontal conditions were enrolled. Clinical parameters were measured and recorded including probing depth(PD), clinical attachment loss(CAL), bleeding index(BI), and tooth movement(TM).

[A survey on the periodontal status in type 2 diabetic patients].

Objective: To investigate the type 2 diabetic patient's periodontal condition and to analyze the influencing factors of periodontitis.

Methods: A total of 182 type 2 diabetic patients were included in the survey and requested to fill out a questionnaire, and their periodontal status was evaluated by measuring probing depth (PD), attachment level (AL), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S).

Results: The prevalence of periodontitis in this group of patients was 96.

[Combination use of rh-bFGF and Bio-Oss collagen to enhance periodontal regeneration: an experimental study in dogs].

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of combined use of rh-bFGF and Bio-Oss collagen compounds on regeneration of the canine periodontal tissues.

Methods: Four adult hybrid canine were selected and bone defect of 5mmx5mmx5mm in size was created in the mesio and distal alveolar crest where the premolars were lost in both sides of the maxilla and mandible. Three methods were used in 3 groups,in the experimental group 1, rh-bFGF and Bio-Oss collagen compounds were implanted,Bio-Gide were overlaid; in the experimental group 2,Bio-Oss collagen compounds were implanted, Bio-Gide were overlaid;in the control group only Bio-Gide were overlaid.

[Construction of tissue engineered bone by osteoblasts from canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Bio-Oss: an in vitro study].

Purpose: Using the MSCs-Bio-Oss tissue engineered bone which was constructed by MSCs as seed cells and the Bio-Oss calf inorganic bone grains as scaffold materials to determine the canine bone formation activity and the feasibility of Bio-Oss combined MSCs to construct tissue engineered bone.

Methods: Gybrid canine MSCs were dissociated, cultivated, bone formation induced and differentiated into osteoblast in vitro; The bone formation induced MSCs were allowed to grow onto Bio-Oss calf inorganic bone grains at 10(6) cell/ml, and then incubated and cultivated, under light pressure without other treatments. Inverted phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to observe their morphological changes, immunofluorescent labeling of cell surface factor CD44,calcium nodus staining,qualitative and quantitative detection of ALP were carried out, and SPSS 12.