Publications by authors named "Li Shi-Zhu"
Analysis of Severe and Relapse Risks of Imported Malaria in Five Provinces of China.
Am J Trop Med Hyg
December 2024
Although China has achieved malaria elimination certification, the risk of malaria transmission reintroduction due to imported malaria remains. We analyzed data on imported malaria cases collected from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2021, using multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with severe and relapsing malaria. The odds of severe malaria were around 4-fold greater for patients who were initially diagnosed with a nonmalarial illness than for patients initially diagnosed with malaria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The WHO aims to eliminate schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2030. Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021), this study assesses the global distribution of schistosomiasis burden to guide policy and resource allocation.
Methods: Schistosomiasis burden and social-demographic indexes (SDIs) data were extracted from GBD 2021 study.
Article Synopsis
- Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are prevalent worldwide, making it essential for governments to understanding their impact for effective healthcare planning and resource allocation.
- An analysis of the GBD 2021 data showed a significant decline in various URI metrics (incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability) from 1990 to 2021, particularly affecting the elderly and young children.
- Future projections indicate a rise in URI incidence and prevalence from 2022 to 2050, while mortality rates are expected to decline, highlighting ongoing public health challenges, especially related to factors like low birth weight.
Article Synopsis
- Schistosomiasis is a significant health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, where 95% of global cases are found, leading to an increased demand for praziquantel (PZQ) for treatment among all age groups at risk.
- The study analyzed research from 1991 to 2022 to determine the relationship between the prevalence of schistosomiasis in humans and its presence in intermediate snail hosts, using a statistical model for pooled prevalence estimates.
- Results indicated that schistosomiasis affects about 27.5% of humans, with certain snail species demonstrating infection rates of 8.6%, and a modest correlation (0.3) was found between infections in snails and humans, suggesting snails could
Article Synopsis
- * Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, the research analyzed trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for various forms of HIV-related TB from 1990 to 2021.
- * In 2021, the rates showed that HIV-DS-TB had the highest incidence and mortality rates compared to HIV-MDR-TB and HIV-XDR-TB, with significant increases in the incidence and mortality of multi-drug resistant and extensively drug-resistant forms over the study
Orientation of One Health development: think globally and act locally.
Sci One Health
September 2023
One Health is dedicated to maintaining and fostering a dynamic balance among humans, animals, and the environment. Since 2013, it has seen considerable developments globally. This review aims to encapsulate the history of One Health, as well as chart its future trajectory.
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- - The study focuses on Oncomelania hupensis, the snail that acts as an intermediate host for Schistosoma japonicum in China, and examines how levees along the Yangtze River have impacted its distribution over time.
- - Researchers used GPS and historical records to track the habitats of the snails, analyzing data to understand the changes in their populations and geographical distribution before and after the construction of the levees.
- - Findings revealed that while the infestation area initially increased, it declined significantly outside the Yangtze River after 1970, highlighting the influence of environmental changes on the snail's spread.
Background: Schistosoma japonicum is a parasitic flatworm that causes human schistosomiasis, which is a significant cause of morbidity in China, the Philippines and Indonesia. Oncomelania hupensis (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) is the unique intermediate host of S. japonicum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Clonorchis sinensis, one of the most important food-borne zoonotic trematodes, remains prevalent in China. Understanding its infection status in animals is crucial for controlling human clonorchiasis. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to focus on the spatio-temporal disparities of C.
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- The One Health approach is about keeping humans, animals, and the environment healthy together, and it's become more important because of issues like climate change and disease outbreaks.
- In China, while they're doing well in food security and managing drug resistance, they struggle more with climate change compared to other countries.
- Experts suggest that China needs a better plan to turn policies into real actions, and they should work together with different people and cultures to make this happen.
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis in mainland China from 2016 to 2020: a population-based study.
Lancet Reg Health West Pac
July 2023
Background: Soil-transmitted helminthiasis is epidemic in China and many other countries of the world, and has caused substantial burdens to human health. We conducted successive national monitoring in China from 2016 to 2020 to analyze the prevalence, changing trends, and factors influencing soil-transmitted helminthiasis, which provided a reference for future control strategies.
Methods: Soil-transmitted helminth monitoring was carried out in 31 provinces (autonomous regions or municipalities, herein after referred to as "provinces") throughout China.
Background: One Health approach is crucial to tackling complex global public health threats at the interface of humans, animals, and the environment. As outlined in the One Health Joint Plan of Action, the international One Health community includes stakeholders from different sectors. Supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, an academic community for One Health action has been proposed with the aim of promoting the understanding and real-world implementation of One Health approach and contribution towards the Sustainable Development Goals for a healthy planet.
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- Flooding significantly influences snail diffusion and impacts the transmission of schistosomiasis, yet there is limited research on the post-flood spread of snails.
- A study in Jiangxi Province analyzed snail distribution from 2017 to 2021, revealing that 120 environments were identified, predominantly in hilly areas, with a notable difference in spread patterns affected by floods and other causes.
- The research found that hilly environments are more prone to snail spread post-flood, indicating a lag effect, meaning that immediate hydrological changes have minimal impact on snail populations, with local floods being the main driver of diffusion.
Article Synopsis
- Chongming Island in China is a key stopover for migratory birds and is at risk for mosquito-borne diseases due to high mosquito populations and domestic poultry farming.
- In 2021, a study collected over 67,800 mosquitoes to test for various pathogens and also conducted serological tests on local poultry for Tembusu virus (TMUV) infection.
- The results showed multiple strains of TMUV were present in both mosquitoes and domestic birds, suggesting that TMUV likely spread to the island from Southeast Asia via migratory birds, raising concerns about zoonotic disease transmission.
Article Synopsis
- The paper introduces a new Bayesian method for estimating the degree of skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI-S), denoted as γ, using data from both general pedigrees and unrelated females, which is a new approach compared to existing methods that only use unrelated females.
- It incorporates statistical techniques like truncated normal prior and eigenvalue decomposition to enhance computational efficiency while providing point estimates and credible intervals for γ.
- Simulation studies demonstrate that this mixed data approach improves the accuracy and precision of γ estimations, and the method is tested using real-world data from the Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research.
Article Synopsis
- Zoonotic infections are a growing global health concern, varying widely in prevalence and transmission due to differences in species, geographical distribution, and vectors like ticks.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate and analyze the global nucleic acid prevalence of zoonotic species in humans, animals, and ticks, pulling data from multiple sources up to December 2021.
- The findings indicated low overall nucleic acid prevalence in humans (1.93%), animals (ranging from 2.12% to 7.80%), and questing ticks (up to 2.30%), while recognizing that factors like population type and detection methods influenced results but left a significant amount of unexplained variability.
Background: Data-driven research is a very important component of One Health. As the core part of the global One Health index (GOHI), the global One Health Intrinsic Drivers index (IDI) is a framework for evaluating the baseline conditions of human-animal-environment health. This study aims to assess the global performance in terms of GOH-IDI, compare it across different World Bank regions, and analyze the relationships between GOH-IDI and national economic levels.
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- Schistosomiasis is a serious helminth infection endemic primarily in the Yangtze River valley of China, with the amphibious snail as its unique intermediate host.
- A 2016 nationwide survey identified over 53,000 snail habitats, particularly clustered in the Sichuan Basin, Dongting Lake, and Poyang Lake, which accounted for the majority of the snail population in the country.
- The survey revealed that marshlands and lakes are the most significant habitats for snails, with a dominant presence of weeds, while variations in snail density were observed based on landscape and vegetation types.
Background: Biomphalaria glabrata is one of the main intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, the most widespread species of Schistosoma. Our previous studies proved that alternative oxidase (AOX), the terminal oxidase in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, widely exists in several species of intermediate host snails of Schistosoma. Meanwhile, inhibition of AOX activity in Oncomelania hupensis snails could dramatically enhance the molluscicidal effect of niclosamide.
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- China is working towards eliminating schistosomiasis, but faces challenges in managing infection sources and controlling snails, leading to a study that uses deep learning and remote sensing to track livestock, specifically bovine, which spread the disease.
- Researchers developed two deep learning models, ENVINet5 and Mask R-CNN, using high-resolution images to identify and monitor bovine populations, achieving promising precision and recall metrics of up to 87.3% and 85.2%, respectively.
- When applied to real-world scenarios, the Mask R-CNN model performed better with a recognition rate of 90.5% for bovine in schistosomiasis-prone areas, demonstrating its potential for effective disease
It is widely acknowledged that the 10-year World Bank Loan Project (WBLP) on schistosomiasis control in the People's Republic of China played an important role in raising the public and political profile of schistosomiasis, particularly regarding its prevention, control, and elimination. The WBLP adopted large-scale administration of praziquantel as the main control measure. At the end of the 10-year project in 2001, data from high-, medium-, and low-endemic areas suggested that the infection rates of both humans and domestic animals had fallen to the expected levels.
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- * A systematic review analyzed 33 studies on the prevalence of these viruses among humans, animals, and vectors, revealing that RVFV and WNV have been widely transmitted in Egypt for decades.
- * The review emphasizes the rising seroprevalence of dengue and West Nile viruses, notes the need for better MBV monitoring, and calls for improving public health systems to manage these diseases effectively in Egypt.
Background: Due to sustained control activities, the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection in humans, livestock and snails has decreased significantly in P. R. China, and the target has shifted from control to elimination according to the Outline of Healthy China 2030 Plan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Hookworm disease is endemic in China and is widespread globally. The disease burden to humans is great.
Methods: The study described the national surveillance of hookworm implemented in 31 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities (P/A/Ms) of China in 2019.