Application of an innovative grid-based surveillance strategy to ensure elimination and prevent reintroduction of malaria in high-risk border communities in China.

Grid management is a grassroots governance strategy widely implemented in China since 2004 to improve the government's efficiency to actively find and solve problems among populated regions. A grid-based strategy surveillancing high-risk groups, including mobile and migrant populations (MMPs), in the China-Myanmar border region has played an indispensable role in promoting and consolidating the malaria elimination efforts by tracking and timely identification of potential importation or re-establishment of malaria among MMPs. A sequential mixed methods was implementated to explore the operational mechanism and best practices of the grid-based strategy including through the focus group discussions (FGDs), comparison of before and after the implementation of a grid-based strategy in the field sites, and data collection from the local health system.

Molecular epidemiology of mosquito-borne viruses at the China-Myanmar border: discovery of a potential epidemic focus of Japanese encephalitis.

Background: Mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance can serve as an early warning in evaluating the status of mosquito-borne virus prevalence and thus prevent local outbreaks. Although Tengchong County in Yunnan Province-which borders Myanmar-is abundant and diverse in mosquitoes, very few mosquito-based arbovirus investigations have been conducted in the recent decade. Herein, this study aims to evaluate the presence and the diffusion of mosquito-borne pathogens, currently prevalent in this region.

Detection of novel piroplasmid species and Babesia microti and Theileria orientalis genotypes in hard ticks from Tengchong County, Southwest China.

To reveal the genetic diversity of Babesia microti and Theileria orientalis in Southwest China, we conducted a molecular survey of piroplasms in hard ticks in a China-Myanmar border county. Host infesting and questing ticks were collected from Tengchong County in 2013 and 2014. Piroplasm infection in ticks was detected by PCR, and then, phylogenetic analysis was conducted to study the genetic diversity of the pathogens identified in ticks.

High genetic diversity in hard ticks from a China-Myanmar border county.

Background: Many tick species have great morphological similarity and are thus grouped into species complexes. Molecular methods are therefore useful in the classification and identification of ticks. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of hard ticks in China, especially at the subspecies level.

Evaluation of Measures and Achievements of Malaria Control in Tengchong City, Yunnan Province during 2010-2015.

Objective: To evaluate the measures and achievements of malaria control in Tengchong City during 2010-2015.

Methods: The malaria control information on epidemiology, foci disposal, blood detection of febrile patients, and medical treatment during 2010-2015 in Tengchong City was collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010.

Results: In 2010-2015, 1 654 malaria cases were reported in Tengchong City, including 18 indigenous cases, 22 domestically mobile cases, and 1 614 imported cases from abroad, of whom 1 584 cases （98.

[Malaria epidemiological analysis in Tengchong City from 2010 to 2015].

Objective: To analyze the malaria epidemiological characteristics in Tengchong City from 2010 to 2015, so as to provide the evidence for adjusting and formulating measures in the elimination stage.

Methods: The malaria data were collected and analyzed by using Microsoft Excel 2010 in Tengchong City from 2010 to 2015.

Results: There were 1 408 malaria cases reported in Tengchong City from 2010 to 2015, including 1 091 cases of infection, 256 cases of infection, 5 cases of infection, 1 case of infection, 1 case of mixed infections, and 54 unclassified cases.

[Investigation of tick bites in outpatients with fever from health care facilities in Tengchong County].

Objective: To study the prevalence of tick bites and relative factors of outpatients with fever from health care facilities in Tengchong County.

Methods: From July to August, 2014, the outpatients with fever in five health care facilities namely Tengchong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hehua Health Center, Jietou Health Center, Qushi Health Center and Xinhua Health Center were investigated by questionnaires. The factors related to tick bites were explored with the univariate analysis and multiple regression models.

[Malaria surveillance in Tengchong County of Yunnan Province in 2013].

Objective: To analyze the surveillance data of malaria in Tengchong County of Yunnan Province in 2013, so as to provide the evidence for carrying out the malaria elimination in the future.

Methods: The data of epidemic situation and surveillance of malaria in Tengchong County in 2013 were collected and analyzed for the prevalence state as well as and the monitoring indicators including the blood examination of fever patients of unknown origin, initiative detection of cases, under-reporting survey, sentinel surveillance and species and density investigation of Anopheles mosquitoes.

Results: Totally 138 malaria cases were reported in Tengchong County in 2013, among which 118 cases were infected with Plasmodium vivax and 20 cases with P.

Emergence of human babesiosis along the border of China with Myanmar: detection by PCR and confirmation by sequencing.

Babesiosis is a tick-borne, zoonotic disease caused by Babesia spp. Two cases of babesiosis were detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Yunnan province, China, and further confirmed by molecular assay. The blood smears showed intraerythrocytic ring form and tetrads typical of small B.

A molecular survey of febrile cases in malaria-endemic areas along China-Myanmar border in Yunnan province, People's Republic of China.

Background: Imported malaria is a major threat to neighboring malaria-eliminating countries such as P.R. China and is difficult to monitor.

Co-infections with Babesia microti and Plasmodium parasites along the China-Myanmar border.

Background: Babesiosis is an emerging health risk in several parts of the world. However, little is known about the prevalence of Babesia in malaria-endemic countries. The area along the China-Myanmar border in Yunnan is a main endemic area of malaria in P.

[Survey on human rabies cases and its viral molecular biological features in Baoshan city, Yunnan province].

Objective: To understand the epidemiological features of two rabies cases in Baoshan city year 2006 and 2007 and to analyze its source of infection.

Methods: Questionnaires were used to do the epidemiological survey on each of the rabies cases. Brain tissue samples of rabies patients were collect to detect the rabies virus by direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) and RT-PCR assay.