Scalable Multi-FPGA HPC Architecture for Associative Memory System.

Associative memory is a cornerstone of cognitive intelligence within the human brain. The Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), a cortex-inspired model with high biological plausibility, has proven effective in emulating high-level cognitive functions like associative memory. However, the current approach using GPUs to simulate BCPNN-based associative memory tasks encounters challenges in latency and power efficiency as the model size scales.

Dual-band frequency reconfigurable metasurface antenna for millimeter wave joint communication and radar sensing systems.

This paper introduces an innovative, compact, and high-gain metasurface antenna, covering both the 24 GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) radar band and the 5 G n257 and n258 bands. The proposed metasurface antenna consists of a wideband stacked patch antenna and a dual-layer metasurface to focus its radiation beams for multiple mmWave bands. The operating frequency can be slightly shifted by altering the distance between the feeder and the metasurface.

Bismuth-doping boosting Na diffusion kinetics of layered oxide cathode with radially oriented {010} active lattice facet for sodium-ion batteries.

O3-type layered oxide cathodes (NaTMO) for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted significant attention as one of the most promising potential candidates for practical energy storage applications. The poor Na diffusion kinetics is, however, one of the major obstacles to advancing large-scale practical application. Herein, we report bismuth-doped O3-NaNiMnO (NMB) microspheres consisting of unique primary nanoplatelets with the radially oriented {010} active lattice facets.

A Reconfigurable Near-Sensor Processor for Anomaly Detection in Limb Prostheses.

This paper presents a reconfigurable near-sensor anomaly detection processor to real-time monitor the potential anomalous behaviors of amputees with limb prostheses. The processor is low-power, low-latency, and suitable for equipment on the prostheses and comprises a reconfigurable Variational Autoencoder (VAE), a scalable Self-Organizing Map (SOM) Array, and a window-size-adjustable Markov Chain, which can implement an integrated miniaturized anomaly detection system. With the reconfigurable VAE, the proposed processor can support up to 64 sensor sampling channels programmable by global configuration, which can meet the anomaly detection requirements in different scenarios.

Atomically Dispersed Iron Regulating Electronic Structure of Iron Atom Clusters for Electrocatalytic H O Production and Biomass Upgrading.

The integration of highly active single atoms (SAs) and atom clusters (ACs) into an electrocatalyst is critically important for high-efficiency two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR) to hydrogen peroxide (H O ). Here we report a tandem impregnation-pyrolysis-etching strategy to fabricate the oxygen-coordinated Fe SAs and ACs anchored on bacterial cellulose-derived carbon (BCC) (FeSAs/ACs-BCC). As the electrocatalyst, FeSAs/ACs-BCC exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity and selectivity toward 2e ORR, affording an onset potential of 0.

A Memristor-Based Learning Engine for Synaptic Trace-Based Online Learning.

The memristor has been extensively used to facilitate the synaptic online learning of brain-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs). However, the current memristor-based work can not support the widely used yet sophisticated trace-based learning rules, including the trace-based Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) and the Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) learning rules. This paper proposes a learning engine to implement trace-based online learning, consisting of memristor-based blocks and analog computing blocks.

constructed Cu/CuNC interfaces for low-overpotential reduction of CO to ethanol.

Electrochemical CO reduction (ECR) to high-value multi-carbon (C) products is critical to sustainable energy conversion, yet the high energy barrier of C-C coupling causes catalysts to suffer high overpotential and low selectivity toward specific liquid C products. Here, the electronically asymmetric Cu-Cu/Cu-N-C (Cu/CuNC) interface site is found, by theoretical calculations, to enhance the adsorption of *CO intermediates and decrease the reaction barrier of C-C coupling in ECR, enabling efficient C-C coupling at low overpotential. The catalyst consisting of high-density Cu/CuNC interface sites (noted as ER-Cu/CuNC) is then accordingly designed and constructed on the high-loading Cu-N-C single atomic catalysts.

Interfacial assembly of binary atomic metal-N sites for high-performance energy devices.

Anion-exchange membrane fuel cells and Zn-air batteries based on non-Pt group metal catalysts typically suffer from sluggish cathodic oxygen reduction. Designing advanced catalyst architectures to improve the catalyst's oxygen reduction activity and boosting the accessible site density by increasing metal loading and site utilization are potential ways to achieve high device performances. Herein, we report an interfacial assembly strategy to achieve binary single-atomic Fe/Co-N with high mass loadings through constructing a nanocage structure and concentrating high-density accessible binary single-atomic Fe/Co-N sites in a porous shell.

Buffering the local pH single-atomic Mn-N auxiliary sites to boost CO electroreduction.

Electrocatalytic CO reduction driven by renewable energy has become a promising approach to rebalance the carbon cycle. Atomically dispersed transition metals anchored on N-doped carbon supports (M-N-C) have been considered as the most attractive catalysts to catalyze CO to CO. However, the sluggish kinetics of M-N-C limits the large-scale application of this type of catalyst.

AQDS Activates Extracellular Synergistic Biodetoxification of Copper and Selenite via Altering the Coordination Environment of Outer-Membrane Proteins.

The biotransformation of heavy metals in the environment is usually affected by co-existing pollutants like selenium (Se), which may lower the ecotoxicity of heavy metals, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we shed light on the pathways of copper (Cu) and selenite (SeO) synergistic biodetoxification by MR-1 and illustrate how such processes are affected by anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS), an analogue of humic substances. We observed the formation of copper selenide nanoparticles (CuSe) from synergistic detoxification of Cu and SeO in the periplasm.

Suppressing Electron Back-Donation for a Highly CO-tolerant Fuel Cell Anode Catalyst via Cobalt Modulation.

Platinum on carbon (Pt/C) catalyst is commercially adopted in fuel cells but it undergoes formidable active-site poisoning by carbon monoxide (CO). In particular, given the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in anion-exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC), the issues of Pt poisoning and slow rate would combine mutually, notably worsening the device performances. Here we overcome these challenges through incorporating cobalt (Co) into molybdenum-nickel alloy (MoNi ), termed Co-MoNi , which not only shows superior HOR activity over the Pt/C catalyst in alkali, but more intriguingly exhibits excellent CO tolerance with only small activity decay after 10 000 cycles in the presence of 500 parts per million (ppm) CO.

Multi-slice spiral CT findings of tubulovillous adenoma of the duodenum.

Objectives: To analyze the appearance of duodenal tubulovillous adenoma on multi-slice spiral CT images to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment to potentially improve prognosis.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data and CT imaging findings of 11 cases of duodenal tubulovillous adenomas, all confirmed by pathology. The location, size, shape, CT density, relationship with surrounding structures, accompanying bile duct obstruction, and enhancement pattern of each lesion were documented.

Fabricating polyoxometalates-stabilized single-atom site catalysts in confined space with enhanced activity for alkynes diboration.

Effecting the synergistic function of single metal atom sites and their supports is of great importance to achieve high-performance catalysts. Herein, we successfully fabricate polyoxometalates (POMs)-stabilized atomically dispersed platinum sites by employing three-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the finite spatial skeleton to govern the accessible quantity, spatial dispersion, and mobility of metal precursors around each POM unit. The isolated single platinum atoms (Pt) are steadily anchored in the square-planar sites on the surface of monodispersed Keggin-type phosphomolybdic acid (PMo) in the cavities of various MOFs, including MIL-101, HKUST-1, and ZIF-67.

Grey hematite photoanodes decrease the onset potential in photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for solar energy conversion into chemical fuels has attracted intense research attention. The semiconductor hematite (α-FeO), with its earth abundance, chemical stability, and efficient light harvesting, stands out as a promising photoanode material. Unfortunately, its electron affinity is too deep for overall water splitting, requiring additional bias.

Ternary nickel-tungsten-copper alloy rivals platinum for catalyzing alkaline hydrogen oxidation.

Operating fuel cells in alkaline environments permits the use of platinum-group-metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts and inexpensive bipolar plates, leading to significant cost reduction. Of the PGM-free catalysts explored, however, only a few nickel-based materials are active for catalyzing the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkali; moreover, these catalysts deactivate rapidly at high anode potentials owing to nickel hydroxide formation. Here we describe that a nickel-tungsten-copper (NiWCu) ternary alloy showing HOR activity rivals Pt/C benchmark in alkaline electrolyte.

Interface-Promoted Direct Oxidation of -Arsanilic Acid and Removal of Total Arsenic by the Coupling of Peroxymonosulfate and Mn-Fe-Mixed Oxide.

As one of the extensively used feed additives in livestock and poultry breeding, -arsanilic acid (-ASA) has become an organoarsenic pollutant with great concern. For the efficient removal of -ASA from water, the combination of chemical oxidation and adsorption is recognized as a promising process. Herein, hollow/porous Mn-Fe-mixed oxide (MnFeO) nanocubes were synthesized and used in coupling with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to oxidize -ASA and remove the total arsenic (As).

[Characteristics, Sources, and Health Risks of Elements in PM in Shanxi University Town].

In order to investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of elements in PM in the Shanxi University Town in 2017, an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (ED-XRF) was used to analyze 21 kinds of elements in PM samples. A health risk assessment was conducted for Mn, Zn, Cu, Sb, Pb, Cr, Co, and Ni. The main sources of elements were identified by the principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF).

Bimetallic nickel-molybdenum/tungsten nanoalloys for high-efficiency hydrogen oxidation catalysis in alkaline electrolytes.

Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells offer possibility of adopting platinum-group-metal-free catalysts to negotiate sluggish oxygen reduction reaction. Unfortunately, the ultrafast hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) on platinum decreases at least two orders of magnitude by switching the electrolytes from acid to base, causing high platinum-group-metal loadings. Here we show that a nickel-molybdenum nanoalloy with tetragonal MoNi phase can catalyze the HOR efficiently in alkaline electrolytes.

Electrocatalytically Active Fe-(O-C ) Single-Atom Sites for Efficient Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia.

Single-atom catalysts have demonstrated their superiority over other types of catalysts for various reactions. However, the reported nitrogen reduction reaction single-atom electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction exclusively utilize metal-nitrogen or metal-carbon coordination configurations as catalytic active sites. Here, we report a Fe single-atom electrocatalyst supported on low-cost, nitrogen-free lignocellulose-derived carbon.

Rational Construction of Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks for Uranium(VI) Extraction: The Strong Periodic Tendency with a Metal Node.

Although metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been reported as important porous materials for the potential utility in metal ion separation, coordinating the functionality, structure, and component of MOFs remains a great challenge. Herein, a series of anionic rare earth MOFs (RE-MOFs) were synthesized via a solvothermal template reaction and for the first time explored for uranium(VI) capture from an acidic medium. The unusually high extraction capacity of UO (e.

Boosting Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis over Metallic Nickel Sites through Synergistic Coupling with Vanadium Sesquioxide.

For renewable and sustainable energy, developing cut-price and high-efficiency electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by alkaline water electrolysis is of paramount importance. In this study, a compound electrocatalyst composed of nickel-vanadium sesquioxide nanoparticles supported on porous nickel foam (Ni-V O /NF) is found to exhibit electrocatalytic performance towards HER that is superior to that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, with nearly zero onset overpotential, an extremely low overpotential of 25 mV to obtain a current density of -10 mA cm , a Tafel slope of 58 mV dec , and a good durability for 24 h in 1.0 m KOH.

Bismuth oxyiodide microflower-derived catalysts for efficient CO electroreduction in a wide negative potential region.

It is of paramount importance to design and develop highly active and selective electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction. Herein, we obtained bismuth-based catalysts consisting of oxidized Bi2O2CO3 and metallic Bi featuring local shortened inter-layer Bi-Bi bonds from in situ reduction of bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) microflowers, which showed over 90% formate faradaic efficiency in a wide negative potential region.

Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction of Aqueous Perrhenate and Pertechnetate.

The pertechnetate anion (TcO) is a long-lived radioactive species that is soluble in aqueous solution, in contrast to sparingly soluble TcO. Results are reported for photocatalytic reduction and removal of perrhenate (ReO), a nonradioactive surrogate for TcO, using a TiO (P25) nanoparticle suspension in formic acid under UV-visible irradiation. Re(VII) removal up to 98% was achieved at pH = 3 under air or N.

A Smart Dental Health-IoT Platform Based on Intelligent Hardware, Deep Learning, and Mobile Terminal.

The dental disease is a common disease for a human. Screening and visual diagnosis that are currently performed in clinics possibly cost a lot in various manners. Along with the progress of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence, the internet-based intelligent system have shown great potential in applying home-based healthcare.