Amino acid variants in the HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 molecules explain the major association of variants with relapse status in pediatric patients with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.

Background: Management of patients with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) is challenging because of frequent relapses. Causal variants in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region that are associated with relapse remain undetermined.

Methods: We collected a cohort of East Asian individuals comprising 206 pediatric patients with SSNS and 435 healthy controls from Southwest China.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of the Antifungal Properties of 3-Indolyl-3-Hydroxy Oxindole Derivatives Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi.

To discover novel fungicides with good inhibitory effects on plant fungal diseases, twenty-five 3-indolyl-3-hydroxy oxindole derivatives (3a-3y) were synthesized. These newly derivatives were characterized by NMR and HRMS. Their antifungal activities against five plant pathogenic fungi were assessed in vitro.

Enhanced efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined locoregional therapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A single - center retrospective study.

Background: Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents significant treatment challenges. While locoregional therapies (LT) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) offer some benefits, prognosis remains poor. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have shown promise in other oncological settings, suggesting potential benefits in HCC treatment regimens.

Design of an ultrasound appointment system based on a patient-centered real-time dynamic resource allocation strategy.

Introduction: The existing ultrasound appointment system faces multiple challenges, including a lack of diversity in its operation modes, sluggish efficiency, and limited flexibility. During emergency situations, such as disease outbreaks or severe disaster events, the demand for ultrasound examinations skyrockets, making it imperative to offer patients efficient and user-friendly ultrasound appointment services.

Methods: This study introduces the application of a patient-centered real-time dynamic resource allocation strategy in an ultrasound appointment system.

The Role of IL-10-Producing Regulatory B Cells in Children With Primary Nephrotic Syndrome.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the contribution of interleukin (IL)-10-producing regulatory B cells (B10 cells) to the pathogenesis of PNS.

Methods: The percentages of B10 cells, CD19CD24CD27 B cells, CD19CD24CD38 B cells, CD19CD24CD27IL-10 B cells, CD19CD24CD38IL-10 B cells, Th17 cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells within the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy subjects and PNS patients with active disease or in remission were analysed by flow cytometry.

Results: The percentages and IL-10 production of circulating B10 cells and the two subsets were decreased in children with active PNS and returned to normal levels in PNS patients in remission.

Comprehensive Chemical Profiling and Quality Control of Gegen-Danshen Herb Pair Using Advanced Online Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Hybrid Linear Ion Trap Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry.

The Gegen-Danshen (GD) herb pair is extensively employed in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, attributed to its wide spectrum of bioactive constituents. This study presented a comprehensive chemical analysis of GD using an advanced analytical platform, which integrated online two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) coupled with diode array detector (DAD) and hybrid linear ion trap orbitrap mass spectrometry (LTQ-orbitrap). In this setup, a Hypersil GOLD CN column (150 mm × 2.

Uptake of core outcome sets in paediatric clinical trials: a protocol.

Introduction: A growing number of paediatric core outcome sets (COS) have been developed in the past 20 years. Previous studies have provided many useful insights into the uptake of COS. In addition to the awareness of COS among clinical trialists, the COS development process (especially patient participation) and the actions of the developers can promote COS uptake.

Pan AMPK activation protects tubules in rat ischemic acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by an abrupt decline in kidney function and has been associated with excess risks of death, kidney disease progression, and cardiovascular events. The kidney has a high energetic demand with mitochondrial health being essential to renal function, and damaged mitochondria have been reported across AKI subtypes. 5' Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation preserves cellular energetics through improvement of mitochondrial function and biogenesis when ATP levels are low, such as under ischemia-induced AKI.

β-Catenin regulates distinct pathways from YAP and suppresses ONECUT1 to drive hepatoblastoma development in mice and humans.

Background Aims: Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the predominant primary malignant liver tumor in childhood. Concomitant YAP and β-Catenin activation occurs in most HB. However, the signaling pathways distinctively regulated by YAP and β-Catenin protooncogenes in HB remain unexplored.

The SUMOylated RREB1 interacts with KDM1A to induce 5-fluorouracil resistance via upregulating thymidylate synthase and activating DNA damage response pathway in colorectal cancer.

Chemoresistance is one main cause of failure in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. The role of transcription factor Ras-responsive element binding protein 1 (RREB1) remains unclarified in CRC chemoresistance. Herein, we reveal that RREB1 functions as an oncogene to promote cell proliferation and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemoresistance in CRC, and SUMOylation is required for RREB1 to exert its oncogenic role in CRC.

SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation of YBX1 promotes colorectal cancer development through the SENP1-YBX1-AKT signaling axis.

Aberrant SUMOylation is associated with the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1)-induced deSUMOylation of different target substrates plays specific roles in CRC. In this study, we dissected the SENP1-interacting protein complex by employing protein co-immunoprecipitation enrichment in combination with His-SUMO1-tagging mass spectrometry (MS) identification, and identified YBX1 as a novel substrate of SENP1.

Cooperative mechanisms of LexA and HtpG in the regulation of virulence gene expression in .

LexA is a well-known transcriptional repressor of DNA repair genes induced by DNA damage in and other bacterial species. Recently, this paradigm-that LexA solely regulates the SOS response-has been challenged as studies reveal its involvement in various biological functions linked to virulence. , a major pathogen in mariculture, causes substantial economic losses annually in China.

Integration of Graphene into Calcium Phosphate Coating for Implant Electronics.

Bone injuries remain a significant challenge, driving the development of new materials and technologies to enhance healing. This study presents a novel approach for incorporating graphene into calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings on titanium alloy (Ti) substrates, with the aim of creating a new generation of materials for bone implant electronics. The stability of the composite coating under physiological conditions, long-term electrical and mechanical durability, and biocompatibility were systematically investigated.

Challenging Conventional Perceptions of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes: A Comprehensive Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns in Cancer.

Identifying genes involved in cancer is crucial for understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of the disease and developing effective treatment strategies. Differential expression analysis (DEA) is the predominant method used to identify cancer-related genes. This approach involves comparing gene expression levels between different samples, such as cancerous and non-cancerous tissues, to identify genes that are significantly upregulated or downregulated in cancer.

Comparison of characteristics and immune responses between paired human nasal and bronchial epithelial organoids.

Background: The nasal epithelium, as part of a continuous and integrated airway epithelium, provides a more accessible sample source than the bronchial epithelium. However, the similarities and differences in gene expression patterns and immune responses between these two sites have not been extensively studied.

Results: Four lines of matched nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cells obtained from the four patients were embedded in Matrigel and cultured in thechemically defined medium to generate patient-derived nasal organoids (NO) and bronchial organoids (BO).

Constructing Pillar-Layered Covalent Organic Frameworks via Metal-Ligand Coordination for Electrochemical CO Reduction.

Growing global concerns over energy security and climate change have intensified efforts to develop sustainable strategies for electrochemical CO reduction (eCORR). Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for eCORR due to their tunable structures, high surface areas, and abundance of active sites. However, the performance of 2D COFs is often limited by layer stacking, which restricts active site exposure and reduces selectivity.

Elevated protein lactylation promotes immunosuppressive microenvironment and therapeutic resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Metabolic reprogramming shapes tumor microenvironment (TME) and may lead to immunotherapy resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Elucidating the impact of pancreatic cancer cell metabolism in the TME is essential to therapeutic interventions. "Immune cold" PDAC is characterized by elevated lactate levels resulting from tumor cell metabolism, abundance of pro-tumor macrophages, and reduced cytotoxic T cell in the TME.

EMP2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and invasion by activating cellular autophagy.

Background: EMP2 is a tumor-associated membrane protein belonging to the GAS-3/PMP22 gene family. EMP2 expression demonstrates significant tissue specificity and heterogeneity in various human tissues and tumor tissues, where it may play a role in either promoting or inhibiting tumor growth. This study aimed to investigate the expression level, biological functions, and molecular mechanisms of EMP2 in liver cancer.

Automated elbow ultrasound image recognition: a two-stage deep learning system via Swin Transformer.

Background: Ultrasound imaging is pivotal for point of care non-invasive diagnosis of musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. Notably, MSK ultrasound demands a higher level of operator expertise compared to general ultrasound procedures, necessitating thorough checks on image quality and precise categorization of each image. This need for skilled assessment highlights the importance of developing supportive tools for quality control and categorization in clinical settings.

Consensus statement for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumor that typically presents in infancy or early childhood. As awareness of KHE increases, it is imperative that the management of KHE be updated to reflect the latest evidence-based guidelines. The aim of this study was to integrate the literature and Chinese expert opinions to provide updated recommendations that will guide the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with KHE.

Advanced applications of two-dimensional liquid chromatography in quantitative analysis of natural products.

Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) separation systems, based on two independent columns with different separation mechanisms, have exhibited strong resolving power for complex samples. Therefore, in recent years, the exceptional resolution of 2D-LC has significantly advanced the chemical separation of natural products, such as complex herbs, greatly facilitating their qualitative and quantitative analysis. This paper aims to review the latest strategies of 2D-LC in the quantitative analysis of complex chemical compositions in natural products.

Cancer vaccines: platforms and current progress.

Cancer vaccines, crucial in the immunotherapeutic landscape, are bifurcated into preventive and therapeutic types, both integral to combating oncogenesis. Preventive cancer vaccines, like those against HPV and HBV, reduce the incidence of virus-associated cancers, while therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to activate dendritic cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes for durable anti-tumor immunity. Recent advancements in vaccine platforms, such as synthetic peptides, mRNA, DNA, cellular, and nano-vaccines, have enhanced antigen presentation and immune activation.

Polypharmacy or potentially inappropriate medications among older adults with COVID-19 in a secondary hospital in China and their association with mortality.

Elderly patients with multiple concomitant chronic diseases are the particularly vulnerable during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, which accounts for a large number of COVID-19-related deaths. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) on in-hospital mortality in a secondary hospital in China. A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted using electronic medical data collected from Shanghai Gonghui Hospital from April 2022 to June 2022.

Noninvasive myocardial work in severe aortic regurgitation: implications for postoperative left ventricular dysfunction.

Aims: Noninvasive myocardial work offers a promising echocardiographic method to evaluate left ventricular (LV) function as it integrates myocardial deformation and afterload. The study sought to investigate the association of myocardial work indices with post-operative LV dysfunction in patients with chronic severe aortic regurgitation (AR).

Methods And Results: Pre-operative LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LV global work index (LV GWI), LV global constructive work (LV GCW), LV global wasted work (LV GWW), and LV global work efficiency (LV GWE) were measured.