Progress of ABA function in endosperm cellularization and storage product accumulation.

Seed development is a complex process and co-regulated by genetic and environmental factors, which significantly affects the seed vigor, yield and quality of crops, especially in cereal crops. Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various biological processes in seed development, including endosperm and embryo development, accumulation of storage materials, achievement of desiccation tolerance and dormancy. Compared to the functional investigation of ABA in germination and stress response, the role of ABA in early seed development and storage product accumulation has not been collectively elucidated.

Charting brain GABA and glutamate levels across psychiatric disorders by quantitative analysis of 121 H-MRS studies.

Background: Psychiatric diagnosis is based on categorical diagnostic classification, yet similarities in genetics and clinical features across disorders suggest that these classifications share commonalities in neurobiology, particularly regarding neurotransmitters. Glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the brain's primary excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, play critical roles in brain function and physiological processes.

Methods: We examined the levels of Glu, combined glutamate and glutamine (Glx), and GABA across psychiatric disorders by pooling data from 121 H-MRS studies and further divided the sample based on Axis I disorders.

Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Ornidazole-Induced Asthenozoospermia in Rats via Activation of the AKT/mTOR Pathway.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been highly confirmed for their critical role in the treatment of different diseases. This study focuses on the mechanism of umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) in the treatment of ornidazole (ORN)-induced asthenozoospermia (AS) in rats via the AKT/mTOR pathway. An animal model of AS was established in ORN-induced rats, followed by treatment of UC-MSCs and rapamycin (autophagy activator) or MK-2206 (AKT inhibitor).

Chaihu Shugan powder restores fatty acid synthesis to alleviate insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome by regulating the LXRα/SREBP-1 signaling pathway.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, primarily driven by insulin resistance (IR). Although the herbal compound Chaihu Shugan powder (CSP) has demonstrated the potential to improve IR in animal models of MS, its mechanism of action remains incompletely understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the biological pathways through which CSP exerts its therapeutic effects on IR in MS using both and methods.

Enhancing the interoperability and transparency of real-world data extraction in clinical research: evaluating the feasibility and impact of a ChatGLM implementation in Chinese hospital settings.

Aims: This study aims to assess the feasibility and impact of the implementation of the ChatGLM for real-world data (RWD) extraction in hospital settings. The primary focus of this research is on the effectiveness of ChatGLM-driven data extraction compared with that of manual processes associated with the electronic source data repository (ESDR) system.

Methods And Results: The researchers developed the ESDR system, which integrates ChatGLM, electronic case report forms (eCRFs), and electronic health records.

Transfection of 12/15-lipoxygenase effectively alleviates inflammatory responses during experimental acute pancreatitis.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP), the initially triggered inflammatory process in the pancreas, can be life-threatening. It has been reported that 15-lipoxygenase may promote the removal of damaged intracellular components, maintain intracellular homeostasis, and promote apoptosis by upregulating the activity of caspases. Despite an increased understanding of the lipoxygenase pathway in inflammation and immune diseases, the role of the gene product in modulating the inflammatory changes during AP is not well defined.

Why Are Widely Distributed Species Widely Distributed? Understanding From a Quantified Investment Acquisition Strategy.

Research on plant functional traits have advanced our understanding of plant investment acquisition strategies. However, it is still unknown how a plant investment acquisition strategy varies or how the relative position of plants on the leaf economic spectrum changes across different habitats. Therefore, we conducted the field experiments at two long-term ecological research sites in Shandong and Xinjiang, China, in August 2023.

The 1978 English boarding school influenza outbreak: where the classic SEIR model fails.

Previous work has failed to fit classic SEIR epidemic models satisfactorily to the prevalence data of the famous English boarding school 1978 influenza A/H1N1 outbreak during the children's pandemic. It is still an open question whether a biologically plausible model can fit the prevalence time series and the attack rate correctly. To construct the final model, we first used an intentionally very flexible and overfitted discrete-time epidemiologic model to learn the epidemiological features from the data.

Microenvironment-optimized gastrodin-functionalized scaffolds orchestrate asymmetric division of recruited stem cells in endogenous bone regeneration.

The regeneration of osteoporotic bone defects remains challenging as the critical stem cell function is impaired by inflammatory microenvironment. Synthetic materials that intrinsically direct osteo-differentiation versus self-renewal of recruited stem cell represent a promising alternative strategy for endogenous bone formation. Therefore, a microenvironmentally optimized polyurethane (PU) /n-HA scaffold to enable sustained delivery of gastrodin is engineered to study its effect on the osteogenic fate of stem cells.

IL-10 mediates pleural remodeling in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Interleukin-10 (IL-10), a pivotal anti-inflammatory cytokine, has gotten attention for its involvement in tissue remodeling and organ fibrosis. Pleurisy and subsequent pleural remodeling are recognized as quantifiable indicators of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activity. However, the role of IL-10 in SLE-associated pleural remodeling remains unknown.

Comparation of two cystatin C-based eGFR equations in assessing risk of all-cause mortality and incident cardiovascular disease.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) 2021 and European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) 2023 both recently updated the equations to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using cystatin C; however, little is known about the benefits of using the equations for the risk stratification of health outcomes. We conducted this longitudinal study to compare the cystatin C CKD-EPI and EKFC equations to track the risks of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among Chinese adults.

Methods: We used data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) between 2011 and 2018.

Implementation of multi-omics in diagnosis of pediatric rare diseases.

The rapid and accurate diagnosis of rare diseases is paramount in directing clinical management. In recent years, the integration of multi-omics approaches has emerged as a potential strategy to overcome diagnostic hurdles. This review examines the application of multi-omics technologies, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, in relation to the diagnostic journey of rare diseases.

Surgical outcomes and long-term survival of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy at high-volume centers in Korea and China: a two-centered retrospective analysis.

Purpose: Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is now widely used in East Asia and worldwide with different preferences and outcomes. This study aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes and preferences between two high-volume gastric cancer centers in Korea and China.

Methods: Patients who underwent laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) and totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) for gastric cancer from Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (NMUH) from 2017 to 2020 were enrolled in this study.

Differences in brain activation and connectivity during unaffected hand exercise in subacute and convalescent stroke patients.

Patients experiencing severe hemiplegia following a stroke struggle to rehabilitate their affected limbs. Cross-education (CE) training emerges as a promising rehabilitation method due to its safety, simplicity, low risk, and ability to effectively improve muscle strength in the affected limb. However, controversy surrounds the neural mechanisms and clinical applications of CE.

Electroless Ag nanoparticle deposition on TiO nanorod arrays, enhancing photocatalytic and antibacterial properties.

Hypothesis: The small size of the nanoparticles used to obtain high surface area photocatalysts makes their removal from solution difficult. Producing photocatalysts on substrates would alleviate this limitation. Adding heterojunctions to photocatalysts, for example, TiO/Ag, could improve photocatalytic performance due to Schottky junction formation and introduce antibacterial properties.

Type I-E CRISPR-Cas system regulates fimZY and T3SS1 genes expression in Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated Cas proteins (CRISPR-Cas) provide prokaryotes with adaptive immunity against invasion by plasmids or phages. In Salmonella, the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system is typically considered silent in immunity against foreign genetic elements. To elucidate the role of the CRISPR-Cas system, we chose Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum S06004 as a model organism due to its four spacers and well-defined biological characteristics observed in previous studies.

Quantifying Personalized Shift-Work Molecular Portraits Underlying Alzheimer's Disease through Computational Biology.

Background: Shift work, the proven circadian rhythm-disrupting behavior, has been linked to the increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the putative causal effect and potential mechanisms of shift work for AD were still unclear.

Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to discover the putative causal effect of shift work for AD.