Total Flavonoids Isolated from the Leaves of Augment Peak Bone Mass in Female Rats and Show no Side Effects in Other Organs.

Introduction: is a unique monophyletic and tertiary relict in China and is listed as a national second-class precious protected tree species. , recognized as a traditional Chinese medicine, can tonify the liver and kidneys and strengthen bones and muscles. Modern pharmacological research has proved that has multiple osteoprotective effects, including prohibiting the occurrence of osteoporosis and arthritis and enhancing the healing of bone fractures and bone defects.

Circulating Cysteine Rich Protein 61 (Cyr61, CCN1) in Chinese Adults: Distribution and Reference Intervals.

Background: The circulating levels of Cyr61 (also known as CCN1) may prove to have great clinical value in the diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of many disorders in humans. However, the reference intervals (RIs) for this analyte in human subjects have not previously been well established. Therefore, establishing RIs and determining the distribution of circulating Cyr61 levels are very important for future clinical studies and could provide an orientation value for exploring its clinical usefulness.

Hypoxia-Induced Cyr61/CCN1 Production in Infantile Hemangioma.

Background: Hypoxia may play a role in the pathogenesis of infantile hemangioma. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61), or CCN1, can be induced under hypoxic conditions in several types of cells. However, whether CCN1 has any impact on infantile hemangioma remains unknown.

Circ-GLI1 promotes metastasis in melanoma through interacting with p70S6K2 to activate Hedgehog/GLI1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and upregulate Cyr61.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging regulators in the development of human cancers. However, the role of circRNAs in melanoma is poorly understood. Microarray analysis and qRT-PCR was applied to screen out circRNAs that were differentially expressed in melanoma cells compared to normal cells.

Retraction Note: Correlation of CD44v6 expression with ovarian cancer progression and recurrence.

The authors have retracted this original article [1] because a number of the figures exhibit irregularities.

CYR61, a potential biomarker of tumor inflammatory response in epithelial ovarian cancer microenvironment of tumor progress.

Background: Recent studies have found that inflammatory response is involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Advanced ovarian cancer is often presented with ascites that is rich in cytokines, inflammatory factors or cancer cells. Therefore, it is important to study the microenvironment of ascites in order to further clarify the occurrence and progression of ovarian cancer.

FGF2 cooperates with IL-17 to promote autoimmune inflammation.

IL-17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated a variety of autoimmune diseases. We have recently reported that FGF2 cooperates with IL-17 to protect intestinal epithelium during dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Here, we report a pathogenic role of the FGF2-IL-17 cooperation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis.

Molecular basis for the recognition of CCN1 by monoclonal antibody 093G9.

CCN1, also named Cyr61 (cysteine-rich protein 61), is the first identified member of the CCN family that is composed of 6 secreted extracellular matrix-associated glycoproteins. CCN1 has been demonstrated to participate in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis through various pathways. A monoclonal antibody, namely, 093G9, is effective to antagonize the effects of CCN1 and hence has potential therapeutic benefits against rheumatoid arthritis.

Cyr61/CCN1 induces CCL20 production by keratinocyte via activating p38 and JNK/AP-1 pathway in psoriasis.

Background: Psoriasis is a common chronic skin disease characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61/CCN1) has recently been implicated in psoriasis pathogenesis by promoting keratinocyte activation. However, the mechanisms by which CCN1 enhances cutaneous inflammation are not fully understood.

CCN1 promotes IL-1β production in keratinocytes by activating p38 MAPK signaling in psoriasis.

CCN1, an extracellular protein also known as cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61), is a novel pro-inflammatory factor involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. As an inflammatory disease, psoriasis is characterized by keratinocyte activation-induced epidermal hyperplasia and cytokine-mediated inflammation. We demonstrated in our previous study that CCN1 promoted keratinocyte activation in psoriasis.

The profile of Cyr61 expression data correlate to the skin inflammation in psoriasis.

The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "Cyr61/CCN1 is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris via promoting IL-8 production by keratinocytes in a JNK/NF-κB pathway" (Pinru Wu, Gang Ma, Xianjin Zhu, Ting Gu, Jie Zhang, Yue Sun, Hui Xu, Rongfen Huo, Beiqing Wang, Baihua Shen, Xiangdong Chen, Ningli Li, 2016) [1]. Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61/CCN1), a secreted extracellular matrix protein, is a novel proinflammatory factor. In this dataset skin samples from normal donors and psoriasis vulgaris patients were examined the expression of Cyr61 and IL-8 using immunohistochemistry.

Cyr61/CCN1 is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris via promoting IL-8 production by keratinocytes in a JNK/NF-κB pathway.

Purpose: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris, which is characterized by proliferation of keratinocytes, neutrophil infiltration and angiogenesis. Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61/CCN1), a secreted extracellular matrix protein, is a novel proinflammatory factor. Whether Cyr61 is involved in the development of psoriasis vulgaris via IL-8 production remains unknown.

CYR61 suppresses growth of human malignant melanoma.

Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1/CYR61) is an important marker of proliferation and metastasis in malignant melanoma, making it a potential target for melanoma treatment. In this study, we compared the expression of CRY61 in Chinese patients with malignant melanoma with its expression in patients with other skin tumors or with no skin pathological conditions. We examined the effects of anti-human CYR61 monoclonal antibody on proliferation and evaluated the changes in CYR61 expression and cell proliferation in response to treatment with either epirubicin or interferon (IFN)-α.

Cyr61 participates in the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by enhancing cellular survival via the AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Cyr61 (CCN1) is the product of a growth factor-inducible immediate early gene and is involved in cell adhesion, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Cyr61 is overexpressed in human tumors and is involved in the development of tumors. However, the role that Cyr61 plays in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells remains undetermined.

Cyr61 participates in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis via promoting MMP-3 expression by fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61) on stimulating MMP-3 expression by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods: Primarily cultured RA FLS were treated with exogenous Cyr61 protein or Cyr61-siRNA, then, MMP-3 expression was analyzed by real-time PCR, western blotting and ELISA. Signal transduction pathways in Cyr61-induced MMP-3 production were examined by real-time PCR, western blotting, confocal microscopy, luciferase reporter assay.

Unique immunomodulatory effect of paeoniflorin on type I and II macrophages activities.

It has been widely accepted that macrophages are divided into M1 "pro-inflammatory" macrophages and M2 "anti-inflammatory" macrophages and an uncontrolled macrophage polarization plays an important role in the pathogenesis of different diseases. As the main substance of total glucosides of peony, paeoniflorin (PF), has been widely used to treat autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases for years. Mechanistically, PF has been found to alter activities of many immune cells, which could further reduce inflammation and tissue damage.

Paeoniflorin ameliorates symptoms of experimental Sjogren's syndrome associated with down-regulating Cyr61 expression.

Paeoniflorin (PF), an active compound extracted from Paeony root, has been used in therapy of autoimmune diseases with effective clinical efficiency and higher safety. Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic, systemic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease. In this study, we demonstrated that novel pro-inflammatory factor Cyr61/CCN1 was up-regulated in epithelial cells of salivary glands of primary SS patients and submandibular gland autoantigen-induced experimental SS mice.

CCN1, a Pro-Inflammatory Factor, Aggravates Psoriasis Skin Lesions by Promoting Keratinocyte Activation.

Psoriasis is a common chronic skin disease characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is multifactorial and is not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that CCN1 (also called Cyr61, which is short for cysteine-rich 61), an extracellular matrix protein that is also considered a pro-inflammatory factor, is highly expressed in the lesional skin of psoriasis patients, as well as in that of imiquimod (IMQ)- and IL-23-treated psoriasis-like mice.

Adiponectin exacerbates collagen-induced arthritis via enhancing Th17 response and prompting RANKL expression.

We previously reported adiponectin (AD) is highly expressed in the inflamed synovial joint tissue and correlates closely with progressive bone erosion in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Here, we investigate the role of adiponectin in regulating Th17 response and the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in mice with CIA mice by intraarticularly injection of adiponectin into knee joints on day 17, day 20 and day 23 post first collagen immunization. The increased adiponectin expression was found in inflamed joint tissue of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice.

Paeoniflorin selectively inhibits LPS-provoked B-cell function.

B cells are important in the development of autoimmune disorders through mechanisms involving dysregulated polyclonal B-cell activation, production of pathogenic antibodies, and targeting which reduces inflammation and tissue damage effectively but often leads to patients suffering from secondary infection. Paeoniflorin (PF) is the main substance of the Total glucosides of peony and has been widely used to treat autoimmune diseases for years. However, whether PF affects B cell activity remains unknown.

Serum Cyr61 is associated with clinical disease activity and inflammation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Our previous studies have shown that secreted extracellular matrix-associated protein Cysteine rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61), a novel proinflammatory factor, is involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, whether Cyr61 has any effect in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unknown. This study aims to assess the level of serum Cyr61 and to investigate the association of serum Cyr61 and clinical disease activity in SLE.

Cyr61 participates in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis by promoting proIL-1β production by fibroblast-like synoviocytes through an AKT-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway.

IL-1β plays a major role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We previously showed that Cyr61 participates in RA pathogenesis as a proinflammatory factor. Here, we found that the levels of IL-1β and Cyr61 were higher in RA SF than in osteoarthritis (OA) SF.

Paeoniflorin inhibits skin lesions in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mice by downregulating inflammation.

Psoriasis is a common chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease. It is well known that macrophages, neutrophils and T-helper 1 (Th1)/T-helper 17 (Th17) cells play important roles in skin lesions by provoking inflammation. Paeoniflorin (PF) is the major effective component extracted from the root of Paeonia lactiflora, which has been widely used in China to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis.