Adaptive terminal super-twisting prescribed performance controller for near-space vehicle based on data-driven model.

A data-driven adaptive terminal super-twisting prescribed performance controller (DASTPC) is designed for near-space vehicle (NSV) to satisfy transient and steady-state performance, and prevent scramjet choking. Firstly, a novel predetermined-time performance function is proposed to guarantee that tracking error can converge to a prescribed bound of small residual sets at the predetermined time. Compared with traditional performance functions, the predetermined-time performance function can achieve faster respond speed, realize more accurate convergence, and avoid overlarge initial value of actuators.

TaERFL1a enhances drought resilience through DHAR-mediated ASA-GSH biosynthesis in wheat.

Wheat is one of the important cereal crops around the world, but it often suffers from abiotic stresses, which threaten food security. Thus, it is critical to identify the genes that determine drought tolerance in wheat. AP2/ERFs are known to regulate drought stress in various crops.

Notable ecological risks of microplastics to Minjiang River ecosystem over headwater to upstream in Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments has been observed globally. However, the ecological risks of MP pollution in riverhead prior to highly urbanized region remain poorly understood. This study investigated MP pollution related to microbiome in sediments, and ecological risks of MPs in riverhead prior to urbanized area over 291 km of Minjiang River (MJR) in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP).

Potential ecological risk of microplastics contamination to environment in protect area lakes.

Microplastics (MPs) in freshwater have been extensively studied on a global scale. However, a deeper understanding is still required regarding the occurrence characteristics and ecological risks of MPs in protected area lakes(PAL). Here, the study investigated MPs pollution in PAL, outside protected areas lakes (OPAL), and ponds (OPAP) in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and a comprehensive analysis was conducted comparing lakes or ponds from different income regions.

Optimization and application of pretreatment method of microplastics detection in municipal solid waste landfills.

The landfill is one of the most important sources of microplastics (MPs). The pretreatment method is a precondition of microplastics study for the presence of complex substances in landfills. Therefore, it is essential to examine the impact of different pretreatment methods on the microplastics detection.

Anthropogenic and biological activities elevate microplastics pollution in headwater ecosystem of Yangtze tributaries in Hindu Kush-Himalayan region.

Microplastic (MP) pollution is widely spread in oceans, freshwater, and terrestrial environments but MPs in mountainous headwater ecosystem are rarely reported. This study focuses on the headwater of Yangtze tributaries of the Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region. Five streams at elevations of 900 to 3300 m were selected to investigate the distribution of MPs in water and sediments across altitudes.

Non-negligible impact of microplastics on wetland ecosystems.

There has been much concern about microplastic (MP) pollution in marine and soil environments, but attention is gradually shifting towards wetland ecosystems, which are a transitional zone between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This paper comprehensively reviews the sources of MPs in wetland ecosystems, as well as their occurrence characteristics, factors influencing their migration, and their effects on animals, plants, microorganisms, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It was found that MPs in wetland ecosystems originate mainly from anthropogenic sources (sewage discharge, and agricultural and industrial production) and natural sources (rainfall-runoff, atmospheric deposition, and tidal effects).

Identification and characterization of microRNAs, especially gga-miR-181b-5p, in chicken macrophages associated with avian pathogenic infection.

Avian pathogenic (APEC) is a common pathogen in the poultry industry, which can cause substantial economic losses. Recently, emerging evidence showed that miRNAs were involved in various viral and bacterial infections. To elucidate the role of miRNAs in chicken macrophages in response to APEC infection, we attempted to investigate the miRNAs expression pattern upon APEC infection via miRNA-seq, and to identify the molecular mechanism of the important miRNAs by using RT-qPCR, western blotting, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and CCK-8.

Microplastics distribution and microbial community characteristics of farmland soil under different mulch methods.

The widespread use of plastic film in agricultural production has resulted in the accumulation of large amounts of residual plastic film in the soil, and most of the plastic residuals eventually break up into microplastics (MPs). However, the effects of different film mulching methods on the soil ecosystems are largely unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the MPs distribution and the physicochemical properties and microbial community structure in the farmland soil tillage layer covered with different mulching method of film.

Transcriptome alterations in chicken HD11 cells with steady knockdown and overexpression of RIPK2 gene.

Receptor interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is involved in a variety of signaling pathway to produce a series of inflammatory cytokines in response to a diverse of bacterial, viral and protozoal pathogens. However, the underlying regulating of RIPK2 remain unknown. Transcriptome alterations in chicken HD11 cells following RIPK2 overexpression or silencing by shRNA were analyzed by next-generation sequencing.

Microplastics spatiotemporal distribution and plastic-degrading bacteria identification in the sanitary and non-sanitary municipal solid waste landfills.

The municipal solid waste landfill (MSWL) is an important source of microplastics (MPs) and a huge bioreactor for plastic-degrading microorganisms (PDM). However, the spatiotemporal distribution and degradation mechanisms of MPs in MSWLs are unclear. Therefore, they were studied using the samples drilled in a sanitary landfill (SL) and an non-sanitary landfill (NSL).

Transcriptional Regulation of Gene by NFIB Is Associated with Cellular Immune and Inflammatory Response to APEC Infection.

Avian pathogenic (APEC) can cause localized or systemic infection, resulting in large economic losses per year, and impact health of humans. Previous studies showed that (receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2) and its signaling pathway played an important role in immune response against APEC infection. In this study, chicken HD11 cells were used as an in vitro model to investigate the function of chicken and the transcription factor binding to the core promoter region via gene overexpression, RNA interference, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, dual luciferase reporter assay, CHIP-PCR, CCK-8, and flow cytometry assay following APEC stimulation.

Retarding performance of the vadose zone for nitrogen pollutants derived from municipal solid waste landfills in the red bed zone.

Nitrogen pollutants such as ammonia and nitrates cause soil and groundwater contamination at municipal solid waste landfill (MSWL) sites due to leachate leakage. Here, the migration of nitrogen pollutants in the vadose zone of the red bed (VZRB) at a MSWL site was studied by static adsorption batch experiments and one-dimensional simulated migration experiments. The results indicated that the soil in the red bed did not adsorb nitrates.

Exogenous Glutathione Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat by Influencing the Absorption and Translocation of Cadmium.

Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, is harmful to plants and human health. Glutathione (GSH) could alleviate Cd toxicity of plant species, whereas its mechanism responsible for wheat remains poorly understood. Here, we found that exogenous GSH application significantly increased the fresh and dry weight, root elongation, chlorophyll contents, while decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and GSH, and translocation factor of Cd compared with Cd treatment.