Unravelling riverine dissolved organic matter sources using molecular fingerprints and FEAST model in a multi-tributary mountain river basin.

Revealing the sources, composition and fate of riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is fundamental to understanding the biogeochemical cycles of aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to reveal the impact of land uses and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on riverine DOM. Spatiotemporal variations in molecular characteristics of riverine DOM in the river network containing 15 tributaries in the mainstream of upper Hanjiang River were studied.

Hollow optical pin-like beam based Cassegrain system performance enhancement under atmospheric turbulence.

Cassegrain system, widely used in laser ranging systems, faces emission efficiency challenges due to central obstruction. Current methods utilizing hollow beams based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) aim to mitigate these effects. However, such beams maintain the hollow structure, leading to an ineffective target illumination.

A Simple Approach to Assign Disulfide Connectivity for Ziconotide via Partial Reduction Without Alkylation.

Rationale: Disulfide bond, an important post-translational modification in peptides or proteins, is of great significance for stabilizing the three-dimensional spatial structure of peptides and proteins, maintaining correct folding conformation, and regulating biological activity. The medicinal peptide with unexpected disulfide connectivity might not have efficacy, even induce immunogenicity. Therefore, it is of importance to assign disulfide connectivity for a peptide.

Similar Molecular Features in Two Cases of CARD14-Associated Papulosquamous Eruption.

Subjects carrying variants in the caspase recruitment domain family member 14 (CARD14) gene can exhibit characteristics of psoriasis and pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP). The term 'CARD14-associated papulosquamous eruption (CAPE)' is used to describe individuals presenting with symptoms of both conditions. This study aimed to diagnose two cases of CAPE and explore the pathogenic mechanisms, including inflammatory trends and differential features.

Investigating the effect of Arvcf reveals an essential role on regulating the mesolimbic dopamine signaling-mediated nicotine reward.

The mesolimbic dopamine system is crucial for drug reinforcement and reward learning, leading to addiction. We previously demonstrated that Arvcf was associated significantly with nicotine and alcohol addiction through genome-wide association studies. However, the role and mechanisms of Arvcf in dopamine-mediated drug reward processes were largely unknown.

Circulating IL6 is involved in the infiltration of M2 macrophages and CD8+ T cells.

To elucidate the relationship between circulating cytokines and the prognosis of microsatellite-stable(MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, we examined the correlation between circulating cytokine levels and tumor immune infiltration microenvironment in this patient population. By conducting a preliminary analysis of the GEO database, we identified five core genes associated with colorectal cancer and further analyzed their impact on immune infiltration. We measured serum cytokine levels and validated the immune infiltration results through immunohistochemical staining of common inflammatory cell markers, including CD3, CD4, CD8, CD163, and FOXP3.

A spatial and temporal transformer-based EEG emotion recognition in VR environment.

With the rapid development of deep learning, Electroencephalograph(EEG) emotion recognition has played a significant role in affective brain-computer interfaces. Many advanced emotion recognition models have achieved excellent results. However, current research is mostly conducted in laboratory settings for emotion induction, which lacks sufficient ecological validity and differs significantly from real-world scenarios.

Freshwater faces a warmer and saltier future from headwaters to coasts: climate risks, saltwater intrusion, and biogeochemical chain reactions.

Unlabelled: Alongside global climate change, many freshwater ecosystems are experiencing substantial shifts in the concentrations and compositions of salt ions coming from both land and sea. We synthesize a risk framework for anticipating how climate change and increasing salt pollution coming from both land and saltwater intrusion will trigger chain reactions extending from headwaters to tidal waters. Salt ions trigger 'chain reactions,' where chemical products from one biogeochemical reaction influence subsequent reactions and ecosystem responses.

Machine Learning-Based Discovery of a Novel Noncovalent MurA Inhibitor as an Antibacterial Agent.

The bacterial cell wall is crucial for maintaining the integrity of bacterial cells. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyethylene transferase (MurA) is an important enzyme involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis. Therefore, it is an important target for antibacterial drug research.

Epidemiological and etiological investigation of a rare family cluster caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Anhui Province in 2023.

Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease discovered in the 21st century. Human-to-human transmission of the disease has been documented, but the mechanisms of transmission require further investigation.

Methods: Epidemiological investigations and genetic analyses of the patients were conducted, and a retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze potential risk factors for person-to-person transmission.

Ultra-processed food consumption and obesity among children and adolescents in China-Findings from China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Background: Children and adolescents are increasingly exposed to processed food in China, however, its association with obesity has not been investigated.

Objectives: To assess the consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) and its association with overweight/obesity among children and adolescents in China.

Methods: A total of 3437 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years, participating at least twice in the China Nutrition and Health Survey, were included.

Waste cotton-based activated carbon with excellent adsorption performance towards dyes and antibiotics.

A novel adsorbent is prepared from waste cotton fiber by a simple pyrolysis-activation process, and it can efficiently adsorb many kinds of organic pollutants (cationic/anionic dyes and antibiotics etc.). The obtained cotton-based activated carbon (CAC) with large specific surface area (3709 m g) and suitable pore structure provide abundant active sites and fast channels for the adsorption of pollutant molecules.

The association between lactating behaviours and postpartum weight retention during the 'Zuòyuèzi' period in China: a multicentre mother-infant cohort study.

Background: Few studies have examined the association between lactating behaviors and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) during the 'Zuòyuèzi' period, a traditional Chinese postpartum confinement practice that typically occurs within the first month after delivery. This study aimed to examine the association between breastfeeding practices (exclusive vs. mixed feeding) and PPWR during the Zuòyuèzi period; and to explore the feasibility of the new latent category variable derived from latent class analysis (LCA) reflecting lactating experience and quality.

Targeting NAD + biosynthesis suppresses TGF-β1/Smads/RAB26 axis and potentiates cisplatin cytotoxicity in non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) plays an important role in tumor progression, but its role in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis (NSCLC BM) remains unclear. Herein, we investigated NAD biosynthesis targeting as a new therapeutic strategy for NSCLC BM. Therapeutic activity of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) inhibitors was evaluated in mouse models of NSCLC BM and using various assays such as NAD quantitation, cell viability, and apoptosis assays.

Targeted long-read sequencing facilitates effective carrier screening for complex monogenic diseases including spinal muscular atrophy, α-/β-thalassemia, 21-hydroxylase deficiency, and fragile-X syndrome.

Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been applied for carrier screening, effectively reducing the incidence of severe diseases. However, some severe, high-prevalent and complex diseases, including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), α-/β-thalassemia, 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD), and fragile-X syndrome (FXS), cannot be fully addressed by NGS, resulting in a high residual risk ratio. This study aims to evaluate the clinical utility of a long-read sequencing (LRS) panel for carrier screening of these five complex diseases.

Multimodal integration of liquid biopsy and radiology for the noninvasive diagnosis of gallbladder cancer and benign disorders.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) frequently mimics gallbladder benign lesions (GBBLs) in radiological images, leading to preoperative misdiagnoses. To address this challenge, we initiated a prospective, multicenter clinical trial (ChicCTR2100049249) and proposed a multimodal, non-invasive diagnostic model to distinguish GBC from GBBLs. A total of 301 patients diagnosed with gallbladder-occupying lesions (GBOLs) from 11 medical centers across 7 provinces in China were enrolled and divided into a discovery cohort and an independent external validation cohort.

Association between visceral adiposity index and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the non-elderly adults.

Background: The visceral adiposity index (VAI) reflects changes in visceral adipose function and is also linked to cardiometabolic risk. The study aimed to investigate the association between VAI and both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in the U.S.

Deciphering the allosteric dynamics of GPR120-fatty acid interactions within a bilayer nanogold electrochemical receptor biosensor: the impact of replacing tryptophan 198 with proline.

GPR120 is a free fatty acid receptor capable of signalling excess fatty acids. GPR120 can be activated by various types of free fatty acids, causing intracellular signal transduction and exerting energy regulation, immune homeostasis, and neuronal functions. It has been suggested that Trp198 may be an important residue in the recognition and activation of GPR120 by fatty acid ligands, but direct experimental evidence is lacking.

Comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the TGF-β1 T869C gene polymorphism and autoimmune disease susceptibility.

Objective: Autoimmune diseases (ADs) result from an aberrant immune response, in which the body mistakenly targets its own tissues. The association between TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms and risk of developing autoimmune diseases remains to be established. This meta-analysis aimed to reassess the relationship between TGF-β1 T869C gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.

Differential effects of exogenous VOCs on the growth and stress responses of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings under low phosphorus.

This study investigates how exogenous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) influence the root responses of Cunninghamia lanceolata under nutrient limitations. Specifically, we assessed the differential effects of syringic acid and 1-butene on root morphology, phosphorus acquisition, and stress resilience. Clonal Chinese fir seedlings were utilized to test the effects of treatment with these two exogenous VOCs under both phosphorus supply (1.

Removal and recovery of perchlorate from fireworks production wastewater through ion exchange and biological reduction processes.

Ion exchange is often used to remove perchlorate from various wastewaters. This study evaluated the performance of four representative anion exchange resins for removing perchlorate from wastewater. Perchlorate was recovered from the regenerant brine concentrate and further treated through biological methods.

Sex-specific prognostic utility of the sarcopenia index in all-cause mortality risk for patients with heart failure.

Background: The sarcopenia index (SI), derived from serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, has emerged as a novel and accessible biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes. However, its sex-specific prognostic utility in heart failure (HF) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between SI and all-cause mortality in HF, with a focus on sex-specific differences.

LiF-Rich Cathode Electrolyte Interphases Homogenizing Li Fluxes toward Stable Interface in Li-Rich Mn-Based Cathodes.

Constructing a stable cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) is crucial to enhance the battery performance of Li-rich Mn-based oxide (LMO) cathodes. To achieve an ideal CEI, a gas-phase fluorination technique is proposed to pre-structure a robust LiF layer (≈1 nm) on the LMO surface. The designed LiF layer effectively modulates the electric field distribution on the electrode surface and mitigates undesirable side reactions between the electrode and electrolyte, thereby promoting the formation of a uniform LiF-rich CEI layer on the LMO-F-1.

Changes in the spectroscopic response of soil organic matters by PBAT microplastics regulated the Cd adsorption behaviors in different soils.

Contamination of microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals occurs frequently in terrestrial ecosystems, but their interactions remain unclear. A 60-day incubation experiment was conducted to study the behaviors of cadmium (Cd) in polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) MPs-contaminated soils, with different doses (1, 10%) and sizes (150-300 and 75-150 μm). Soil chemical properties, including the three-dimensional fluorescence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and microbial diversity in both farmland and woodland soils were analyzed.

Type III Collagen Promotes Pseudopodium-Driven Cell Migration.

The extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly collagen, is acknowledged for its significant impact on cell migration. However, the detailed mechanisms through which it influences pseudopodium formation and cell motility are not yet fully understood. This study delves into the impact of recombinant human type III collagen (hCOL3) on cell migration, specifically focusing on the dynamics of pseudopodia and their contribution to cell motility.