Pharmacodynamic Mechanisms of Cicadae Periostracum in Parkinson's Disease: A Metabolomics-Based Study.

Cicadae Periostracum (CP) is a traditional Chinese animal-derived medicine with the potential to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aims to explore the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of CP against PD-based on metabolomics technology and provide a theoretical basis for developing new anti-PD medicine. First, MPP-induced SH-SY5Y cells were used to evaluate the anti-PD activity of CP.

Rumen Bacterial Community Responses to Three DHA Supplements: A Comparative In Vitro Study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the loss of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from three supplements (two powders and one oil) after digestion (rumen and gastrointestinal) and their effects on the number and composition of rumen bacteria, using an in vitro approach. The concentration of supplements has a significant impact on the DHA loss rate and algal oil exhibited the highest rate of loss, but bioaccessibility was not significantly different from the other supplements. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that three DHA supplements altered the bacterial composition of in vitro batch cultures inoculated with rumen microorganisms from cows, and caused changes in the relative abundance of important bacterial phyla, families, and genera.

Exploring practical experience with different treatments in NSCLC patients with MET-deregulated: a retrospective analysis from the real world.

Background: Mesenchymal to epithelial transition factor (MET) dysregulation in non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC) is understudied, with scant data on treatment outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively examined 160 NSCLC patients: 125 with primary MET mutations (further classified into MET exon 14 (METex14) skipping mutations and primary MET amplifications) and 35 with secondary MET amplifications. Patients underwent varied treatments: Chemotherapy, Immune monotherapy, Crizotinib, or Savolitinib.

Identification of IGF2BP2 and long non-coding RNA TUG1 for the prognosis and tumour microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of m6A-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the prognosis and tumour microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods: 497 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analysed to identify m6A-related lncRNAs via correlation models. Tripartite regression models, Kaplan-Meier analysis and nomograms were then utilised to assess the prognostic significance of these lncRNAs.

Measuring high-efficiency perfect composite vortex beams with reflective metasurfaces in microwave band.

Optical vortex beams carrying orbit angular momentum have attracted significant attention recently. Perfect vortex beams, characterized by their topological charge-independent intensity profile, have important applications in enhancing communication capacity and optimizing particle manipulation. In this paper, metal-insulator-metal copper-coin type reflective metasurfaces are proposed to generate perfect composite vortex beams in X-band.

Optical genome mapping to decipher the chromosomal aberrations in families seeking for preconception genetic counseling.

Optical genome mapping (OGM) offers high consistency in simultaneously detecting structural and copy number variants. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and potential applications of OGM in preconception genetic counseling. Herein, 74 samples from 37 families were included, and their results of OGM were compared to conventional methods, namely karyotyping (KT) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), which identified 27 variants across 16 positive families.

Collagen-based hydrogel derived from amniotic membrane loaded with quercetin accelerates wound healing by improving stereological parameters and reducing inflammation in a diabetic rat model.

In clinical practice, there is a demand for innovative wound healing methods to tackle full thickness skin injuries, especially in those with diabetes. In this study, we examined if collagen-based hydrogel from amniotic membrane (CHAM) loaded with quercetin could enhance healing in diabetic rats. Sixty diabetic rats were randomly divided into the control group, CHAM group, quercetin group, and CHAM+Quercetin group.

New triterpenoid saponins isolated from the leaves of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. and their neuroprotective effects.

Fifteen new triterpenoid saponins designated as huangqiyesaponin A-O (1-15), in addition to eleven previously identified compounds (16-26), were extracted from the leaves of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. utilizing a 70% ethanol solution.

Degradation of aflatoxin B in corn by water-assisted microwave irradiation and its kinetic.

Aflatoxin B (AFB) is a highly toxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic mycotoxin commonly found in corn. In this work, water-assisted microwave irradiation (WMI) was used to degrade AFB in corn, during which the influencing factors and kinetics of AFB degradation were also studied. The results showed that the degree of corn crushing, the heating rate of WMI, the temperature of WMI, the solid-liquid ratio, the initial content of AFB and the microwave power were all important factors affecting the degradation of AFB.

Core microbe Bifidobacterium in the hindgut of calves improves the growth phenotype of young hosts by regulating microbial functions and host metabolism.

Background: The growth and health of young ruminants are regulated by their gut microbiome, which can have lifelong consequences. Compared with subjective grouping, phenotypic clustering might be a more comprehensive approach to revealing the relationship between calf growth state and core gut microbes. However, the identification of beneficial gut bacteria and its internal mechanisms of shaping host phenotype differentiation remains unclear.

Biomimetic Extracellular Vesicles Containing Biominerals for Targeted Osteoporosis Therapy.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mineral density and a heightened risk of fractures. Therapies for OP have primarily focused on balancing bone formation and bone resorption, but enhancing the remineralization of osteoporotic bone is also a key strategy for effective repair. Recent insights into biomineralization mechanisms have highlighted the essential role of mineral-containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by osteoblasts in promoting bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (BMSC) differentiation and initiating matrix mineralization.

Lignans from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill ameliorates cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease and alleviates ferroptosis by activating the Nrf2/FPN1 signaling pathway and regulating iron levels.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (S. chinensis), first recorded in Shennong's Classic of the Materia Medica, is described as a "top grade medicine".

Federated Collaborative Learning with Sparse Gradients for Heterogeneous Data on Resource-Constrained Devices.

Federated learning enables devices to train models collaboratively while protecting data privacy. However, the computing power, memory, and communication capabilities of IoT devices are limited, making it difficult to train large-scale models on these devices. To train large models on resource-constrained devices, federated split learning allows for parallel training of multiple devices by dividing the model into different devices.

Beating the Size-Dependent Limit with Spin-Lattice Coupling in Nanomagnetism.

Further miniaturization of magnetic nanomaterials is intrinsically accompanied by a reduction in spin ordered domains, resulting in size-dependent magnetic behaviors. Consequently, a longstanding roadblock in the advancement of nanodevices based on magnetic nanomaterials is the absence of a method to beat the size-dependent limit in nanomagnetism. Here, we discover and exploit a spin-lattice coupling effect in three-dimensional freestanding magnetic nanoparticles to beat the size-dependent limit for the first time.

Association of Endometrial Thickness with Live Birth Rate: a Study Utilizing the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System.

Objective: To assess the relationship between endometrial thickness and live birth rates in fresh embryo transfer and frozen embryo transfer with and without preimplantation genetic testing.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System (SART CORS).

Subjects: Autologous IVF fresh and frozen embryo transfer cycles initiated in 2019-2020.

Polymorphic Crystalline Layer at the Crystallization Front.

The morphology and kinetics of the crystal growth front have been poorly explored at the particle level. Here, we experimentally observe the crystal growth front in liquid with single-particle kinetics using colloid systems and reveal a surface layer of polymorphic crystal near the solid-solid transition when the two crystals form a low-energy coherent interface. The thickness of the surface crystal can exceed 50 particles and grows logarithmically with the temperature as approaching the solid-solid transition which follows premelting theory.

Effects of stress factors on biogenic isoprene emissions and their contribution to ozone and secondary organic aerosols in China.

Isoprene serves an important part in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, while also exerting a crucial influence on atmospheric photochemical processes and global climate change. The regional climate-chemistry-ecosystem model (RegCM-Chem-YIBs) was employed in the following study to estimate the biogenic isoprene emissions (BISP) in China during 2018-2020. The model explored the relative contributions of various stress factors such as drought, carbon dioxide (CO), and surface ozone (O) to isoprene emissions.

Plant Coumarin Metabolism-Microbe Interactions: An Effective Strategy for Reducing Imidacloprid Residues and Enhancing the Nutritional Quality of Pepper.

Imidacloprid (IMI) stress positively correlates with the potential of coumarins to alleviate abiotic stress. However, little is known about the pathways and mechanisms by which coumarin reduces the IMI residue by regulating plant secondary metabolism and plant-microbe interactions. This study examined the impact of coumarin on the uptake, translocation, and metabolism of IMI in pepper plants by modulating the signal molecule levels and microbial communities in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere.

The total withanolides from the leaves of Datura stramonium L. Improves Alzheimer's disease pathology by restraining neuroinflammation through NLRP3/IL-1β/IL1R1/TOM 1 pathway.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the primary contributors to the pathogenesis of AD. Withanolides, the main constituents in the leaves of Datura stramonium L.

Mapping the knowledge landscape: A bibliometric analysis of exosome research in osteoarthritis (2004-2023).

Exosomes have emerged as a crucial focus in advancing the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). However, there are limited bibliometric studies on this topic. This study aimed to delineate the literature landscape on exosomes in OA, identifying global research trends and key areas.

Dynamic changes in the skin transcriptome for the melanin pigmentation in embryonic chickens.

Dermal hyperpigmentation stands out among the various skin pigmentation phenotypes in chickens, where most other pigmentation variants affect feather color and patterning predominantly. Despite numerous black chicken breeds worldwide, only a select few exhibit comprehensive black pigmentation, which encompasses the skin, meat, flesh, and bones. The process of skin melanin pigmentation is intricate and develops successively.

RNA-Sequencing Analysis of the Viral Community in Yellow Catfish () in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River.

Different viruses are abundant in aquatic ecosystems. There has been limited research on the viral communities in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Yellow catfish (), an important economic fish that is widely distributed in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, was selected as the research object.

Genetic Diagnosis and Clinical Features of Fetuses With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

Objective: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare abnormality with highly heterogeneous genetic causes. This study investigated chromosomal and monogenic abnormalities in fetal CDH patients and evaluated the efficacy of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) for genetic diagnosis. The clinical features of the patients were also evaluated.

[Electroacupuncture inhibits inflammatory response through hexokinase 2 - mediated Warburg effect in rats with acute lung injury].

Objectives: To observe whether electroacupuncture (EA) can inhibit the inflammatory response via down-regulating hexokinase 2 (HK2) mediated Warburg effect in rats with acute lung injury (ALI).

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, model and EA groups, with 12 rats in each group. The ALI model was established by injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 5 mg/mL, 1 mL/kg) into the tail vein.