Achieving Active and Stable Amorphous IrOOH for Water Splitting.

Evaluating the structural and electronic-state characteristics of long-range disordered amorphous iridium (Ir)-based oxides is still unsatisfying. Compared with the benchmark IrO, the higher oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance brought by IrOOH was normally considered to be associated with the pristine Ir-containing species. However, such a conclusion conflicts with the opinion that high-valence metals can create excellent OER activity.

Surface Reconstruction for Forming the [IrO]-[IrO] Framework: Key Structure for Stable and Activated OER Performance in Acidic Media.

The surface reconstruction of iridium-based derivatives (AIrO) was extensively demonstrated to have an excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance in an acidic medium. It is urgent to use various spectroscopy and computational methods to explore the electronic state changes in the surface reconstruction process. Herein, the underestimated LuIrO was synthesized and investigated.

Computerized Symbol Digit Modalities Test in a Swiss Pediatric Cohort Part 1: Validation.

Objective: The objective of this study was to validate the computerized Symbol Digit Modalities Test (c-SDMT) in a Swiss pediatric cohort, in comparing the Swiss sample to the Canadian norms. Secondly, we evaluated sex effects, age-effects, and test-retest reliability of the c-SDMT in comparison to values obtained for the paper and pencil version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT).

Methods: This longitudinal observational study was conducted in a single-center setting at the University Children's Hospital of Bern.

Computerized Symbol Digit Modalities Test in a Swiss Pediatric Cohort - Part 2: Clinical Implementation.

Background: Information processing speed (IPS) is a marker for cognitive function. It is associated with neural maturation and increases during development. Traditionally, IPS is measured using paper and pencil tasks requiring fine motor skills.

A promising engineering strategy for water electro-oxidation iridate catalysts via coordination distortion.

Here, we study the relationship between the coordination structure of IrO6 and OER activity in a wide range of oxides with systematic comparisons. The results reveal that distorted IrO6 is more conducive to OER activity. Specifically, for a given material, regulating the transformation of the IrO6 octahedron from D4h compression to D4h elongation causes electrons near the EF level to become more delocalized, which is very beneficial for reducing the energy of the rate determining step.

Treadmill training improves neurological deficits and suppresses neuronal apoptosis in cerebral ischemic stroke rats.

Rehabilitation training is believed to be beneficial to patients with stroke, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. Rat models of cerebral ischemic stroke were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, and then received treadmill training of different intensities, twice a day for 30 minutes for 1 week. Low-intensity training was conducted at 5 m/min, with a 10-minute running, 10-minute rest, and 10-minute running cycle.

Cultivating crystal lattice distortion in IrOvia coupling with MnO to boost the oxygen evolution reaction with high intrinsic activity.

Here, we report an effective strategy to lower Ir consumption and boost the OER performance in acid by loading IrO2 onto MnO2, in which the IrO2 crystals are well dispersed and undergo a so-called z-extension Jahn-Teller distortion in the octahedral structure. Compared with IrO2, the mass activity and intrinsic activity for IrO2/MnO2 were largely increased.

Rational Manipulation of IrO Lattice Strain on α-MnO Nanorods as a Highly Efficient Water-Splitting Catalyst.

Developing more efficient and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts is critical for future energy conversion and storage technologies. We demonstrate that inducing a lattice strain in IrO crystal structure due to interface lattice mismatch enables an enhancement of the OER catalytic activity. The lattice strain is obtained by the direct growth of IrO nanoparticles on a specially exposed surface of α-MnO nanorods via a simple two-step hydrothermal synthesis.

OER activity manipulated by IrO coordination geometry: an insight from pyrochlore iridates.

The anodic reaction of oxygen evolution reaction (OER), an important point for electrolysis, however, remains the obstacle due to its complicated reaction at electrochemical interfaces. Iridium oxide (IrO) is the only currently known 5d transition metal oxide possessing admirable OER activity. Tremendous efforts have been carried out to enhance the activity of iridium oxides.

Pt-Doped NiFe₂O₄ Spinel as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for H₂ Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO at Room Temperature.

H2 selective catalytic reduction (H2-SCR) has been proposed as a promising technology for controlling NOx emission because hydrogen is clean and does not emit greenhouse gases. We demonstrate that Pt doped into a nickel ferrite spinel structure can afford a high catalytic activity of H2-SCR. A superior NO conversion of 96% can be achieved by employing a novel NiFe1.

Hollandite Structure K(x≈0.25)IrO2 Catalyst with Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts with high activity are of particular importance for renewable energy production and storage. Here, we prepare Kx≈0.25IrO2 catalyst that exhibits an excellent OER activity compared to IrO2, which is univerally acknoweledged as a state-of-the-art OER catalyst.

Role of ((E)-(E)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-en-1-yl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) acrylate in preservation of spatial cognitive functions of rats with chronic epilepsy.

The present study demonstrates the effect of ((E)-(E)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-en-1-yl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) acrylate (CA) on spatial cognitive functions of rats with lobal cerebrovascular hypoperfusion. The bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (2VO) surgery was performed to prepare the cerebrovascular hypoperfusion rat model. The effect of CA on spatial cognitive function was analysed using Morris water maze (MWM) test prior to and after 2VO operation.

An efficiently tuned d-orbital occupation of IrO by doping with Cu for enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction activity.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has been regarded as a key half reaction for energy conversion technologies and requires high energy to create O[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds. Transition metal oxides (TMOs) seem to be a promising and appealing solution to the challenge because of the diversity of their d-orbital states. We chose IrO as a model because it is universally accepted as a current state-of-the-art OER catalyst.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein 29 Protects Axotomized Neurons from Apoptosis and Promotes Neuronal Regeneration Associated with Erk Signal.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a series of severe dysfunction of sensory and motor functions, while the molecular mechanisms that cause these dysfunctions remain elusive. Using proteomics technology, Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we found endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 (ERp29) was substantially downregulated in the motor cortex 3 days postoperation (dpo) after spinal cord transection (SCT, T10) followed by a gradual recovery 28 dpo. IHC showed that ERp29 is expressed in cortical neurons.

Electro-thermal treatment optimization of high concentration ammonia nitrogen by gaseous oxidation in liquid phase (GOLP).

This study is focused on optimizing the treatment parameters for high concentration ammonia using gaseous oxidation in liquid phase (GOLP). The conversion of ammonia was achieved electrothermally over mono-crystalline silicon supported CoOx catalyst. The experimental results demonstrated that factors including the co-anions, pH of the solutions, air flowrate and the current showed apparent influences on the ammonia removal.