Ultra-Sensitive Abscisic Acid Detection Using Gold and 4-Mercaptopyridine Perovskite-Engineered Robust Nanofibers (GLAMPER-NFs) under Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

This study explores the development and application of gold and 4-mercaptopyridine (MPY) perovskite-engineered robust nanofibers (GLAMPER-NFs) for the ultrasensitive detection of Abscisic acid (ABA) under Raman spectroscopy, a crucial plant hormone. The GLAMPER-NFs composite material, consisting of MAPbCl nanofibers integrated with MPY-coated gold nanostructures, demonstrates exceptional performance in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based sensing. The study elucidates the material structure and properties through comprehensive characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy.

Plant Microbe Interaction-Predicting the Pathogen Internalization Through Stomata Using Computational Neural Network Modeling.

Foodborne disease presents a substantial challenge to researchers, as foliar water intake greatly influences pathogen internalization via stomata. Comprehending plant-pathogen interactions, especially under fluctuating humidity and temperature circumstances, is crucial for formulating ways to prevent pathogen ingress and diminish foodborne hazards. This study introduces a computational model utilizing neural networks to anticipate pathogen internalization via stomata, contrasting with previous research that emphasized biocontrol techniques.

TENet: Targetness entanglement incorporating with multi-scale pooling and mutually-guided fusion for RGB-E object tracking.

There is currently strong interest in improving visual object tracking by augmenting the RGB modality with the output of a visual event camera that is particularly informative about the scene motion. However, existing approaches perform event feature extraction for RGB-E tracking using traditional appearance models, which have been optimised for RGB only tracking, without adapting it for the intrinsic characteristics of the event data. To address this problem, we propose an Event backbone (Pooler), designed to obtain a high-quality feature representation that is cognisant of the innate characteristics of the event data, namely its sparsity.

Influences of solvents and monomer concentrations on the electrochemical performance and structural properties of electrodeposited PEDOT films: a comparative study in water and acetonitrile.

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has emerged as a promising coating for neural electrodes especially through convenient electrodeposition methods. To investigate the influences of solvents and EDOT monomer concentrations on the electrochemical performance and structural characteristics of PEDOT, both aqueous and acetonitrile solutions were employed with varying monomer concentrations during deposition. The prepared PEDOT films were examined for the surface morphology, electrochemical performance, and chemical structures.

Low-loss compact chalcogenide microresonators for efficient stimulated Brillouin lasers.

Chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) possess a high elasto-optic coefficient, making them ideal for applications in microwave photonics and narrow-linewidth lasers based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). However, current AsS-based integrated devices suffer from poor stability and low laser-induced damage threshold, and planar ChG devices feature limited quality factors. In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate a high-quality integrated GeSbS ChG Brillouin photonic device.

AI and machine learning for soil analysis: an assessment of sustainable agricultural practices.

Sustainable agricultural practices help to manage and use natural resources efficiently. Due to global climate and geospatial land design, soil texture, soil-water content (SWC), and other parameters vary greatly; thus, real time, robust, and accurate soil analytical measurements are difficult to be developed. Conventional statistical analysis tools take longer to analyze and interpret data, which may have delayed a crucial decision.

Unlocking Li superionic conductivity in face-centred cubic oxides via face-sharing configurations.

Oxides with a face-centred cubic (fcc) anion sublattice are generally not considered as solid-state electrolytes as the structural framework is thought to be unfavourable for lithium (Li) superionic conduction. Here we demonstrate Li superionic conductivity in fcc-type oxides in which face-sharing Li configurations have been created through cation over-stoichiometry in rocksalt-type lattices via excess Li. We find that the face-sharing Li configurations create a novel spinel with unconventional stoichiometry and raise the energy of Li, thereby promoting fast Li-ion conduction.

A Comparative Study on the Effect of Substrate Structure on Electrochemical Performance and Stability of Electrodeposited Platinum and Iridium Oxide Coatings for Neural Electrodes.

Implantable electrodes are crucial for stimulation safety and recording quality of neuronal activity. To enhance their electrochemical performance, electrodeposited nanostructured platinum (nanoPt) and iridium oxide (IrO) have been proposed due to their advantages of in situ deposition and ease of processing. However, their unstable adhesion has been a challenge in practical applications.

Analysis and experimental assessment of an optimized SERS substrate used to detect thiabendazole in apples with high sensitivity.

Pesticides that linger in the environment and ecosystems for an extended period can cause severe and dangerous health problems in humans. To detect pesticides in foods, the development of high-sensitivity and quick screening technologies was required. This research investigated the performance of Au@Ag NPs with varying thicknesses of the silver shell for detecting trace quantities of thiabendazole (TBZ) in apples using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).

Atomic-scale probing of short-range order and its impact on electrochemical properties in cation-disordered oxide cathodes.

Chemical short-range-order has been widely noticed to dictate the electrochemical properties of Li-excess cation-disordered rocksalt oxides, a class of cathode based on earth abundant elements for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. Existence of short-range-order is normally evidenced by a diffused intensity pattern in reciprocal space, however, derivation of local atomic arrangements of short-range-order in real space is hardly possible. Here, by a combination of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and cluster-expansion Monte Carlo simulations, we reveal the short-range-order is a convolution of three basic types: tetrahedron, octahedron, and cube.

Early-stage oral cancer diagnosis by artificial intelligence-based SERS using Ag NWs@ZIF core-shell nanochains.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has great potential in the early diagnosis of diseases by detecting the changes of volatile biomarkers in exhaled breath, because of its high sensitivity, rich chemical molecular fingerprint information, and immunity to humidity. Here, an accurate diagnosis of oral cancer (OC) is demonstrated using artificial intelligence (AI)-based SERS of exhaled breath in plasmonic-metal organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles. These plasmonic-MOF nanoparticles were prepared using a zeolitic imidazolate framework coated on Ag nanowires (Ag NWs@ZIF), which offers Raman enhancement from the plasmonic nanowires and gas enrichment from the ZIF shells.

Research Progress of Steels for Nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessels.

The nuclear reactor pressure vessel is an important component of a nuclear power plant. It has been used in harsh environments such as high temperature, high pressure, neutron irradiation, thermal aging, corrosion and fatigue for a long time, which puts forward higher standards for the performance requirements for nuclear pressure vessel steel. Based on the characteristics of large size and wall thickness of the nuclear pressure vessel, combined with its performance requirements, this work studies the problems of forging technology, mechanical properties, irradiation damage, corrosion failure, thermal aging behavior and fatigue properties, and summarizes the research progress of nuclear pressure vessel materials.

High-speed Ge-on-GaAs photodetector.

In this work, a germanium (Ge) on gallium arsenide (GaAs) photodetector is demonstrated with the optical response from 850 nm to 1600 nm, which has potential for monolithic integration with VCSELs on GaAs platform as transceiver working beyond 900 nm. The device exhibits a responsivity of 0.35A/W, 0.

Electrochemical and biological performance of hierarchical platinum-iridium electrodes structured by a femtosecond laser.

Neural electrode interfaces are essential to the stimulation safety and recording quality of various bioelectronic therapies. The recently proposed hierarchical platinum-iridium (Pt-Ir) electrodes produced by femtosecond lasers have exhibited superior electrochemical performance in vitro, but their in vivo performance is still unclear. In this study, we explored the electrochemical performance, biological response, and tissue adhesion of hierarchical Pt-Ir electrodes by implantation in adult rat brains for 1, 8, and 16 weeks.

Molecular communication network and its applications in crop sciences.

Plant molecular biology and bacterial behaviour research in the future could focus on using genetically engineered bacteria as a sensor, hormonal/disease detector, and target gene expression, as well as establishing a bioluminescence feedback communication system. Over the last two decades, understanding plant signal transduction pathways of plant hormones has become an active research field to understand plant behavior better. To accomplish signal transduction, plants use a variety of hormones for inter- and intra-communication, and biotic or abiotic stressors activate those.

Ultrasensitive detection of plant hormone abscisic acid-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy aptamer sensor.

Abscisic acid (ABA), as the most common plant hormone in the growth of wheat, can greatly affect the yield when its levels deviate from normal. Therefore, highly sensitive and selective detection of this hormone is greatly needed. In this work, we developed an aptamer sensor based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and applied it for the high sensitivity detection of ABA.

Minimalizing Non-point Source Pollution Using a Cooperative Ion-Selective Electrode System for Estimating Nitrate Nitrogen in Soil.

Nitrate nitrogen ( -N) in the soil is one of the important nutrients for growing crops. During the period of precipitation or irrigation, an excessive -N readily causes its leaching or runoff from the soil surface to rivers due to inaccurate fertilization and water management, leading to non-point source pollution. In general, the measurement of the -N relies upon the laboratory-based absorbance, which is often time-consuming, therefore not suitable for the rapid measurements in the field directly.

Measurement of Lead Localization Accuracy Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Post-implantation localization of deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead based on a magnetic resonance (MR) image is widely used. Existing localization methods use artifact center method or template registration method, which may lead to a considerable deviation of > 2 mm, and result in severe side effects or even surgical failure. Accurate measurement of lead position can instantly inform surgeons of the imprecise implantation.

Fluorination-Enhanced Surface Stability of Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes.

Cation-disordered rocksalt (DRX) oxides are a promising new class of high-energy-density cathode materials for next-generation Li-ion batteries. However, their capacity fade presents a major challenge. Partial fluorine (F) substitution into the oxygen (O) lattice appears to be an effective strategy for improving the cycling stability, but the underlying atomistic mechanism remains elusive.

LT-LiMnNiO: a unique co-free cathode for high energy Li-ion cells.

A novel LiMnNiO cathode with a predominant, partially-disordered lithiated-spinel structure has been prepared by a 'low temperature' (LT) synthesis. Li/LT-LiMnNiO cells operate between 5.0 and 2.

Satellite-based phenology products and in-situ pollen dynamics: A comparative assessment.

Ongoing climate variability and change is impacting pollen exposure dynamics among sensitive populations. However, pollen data that can provide beneficial information to allergy experts and patients alike remains elusive. The lack of high spatial resolution pollen data has resulted in a growing interest in using phenology information that is derived using satellite observations to infer key pollen events including start of pollen season (SPS), timing of peak pollen season (PPS), and length of pollen season (LPS).