16S rRNA and transcriptome analysis revealed the regulatory mechanism of Romboutsia lituseburensis on serum immunoglobulin levels in geese.

Romboutsia is a dominant genus in the goose intestine. Recent studies have suggested that Romboutsia lituseburensis might regulate serum immunoglobulin levels in female geese, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we administered Romboutsia lituseburensis (R.

Differences in plasma metabolome between non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black women.

Background: To understand potential racial differences in disease susceptibility and develop targeted prevention strategies, it is essential to establish biological differences between racial groups in healthy individuals. However, knowledge about how race impacts metabolites is limited. We therefore performed a cross-sectional study using comprehensive metabolomics analysis to investigate racial differences in metabolites among 506 non-Hispanic White (NHW) women and 163 non-Hispanic Black (NHB) women.

Influence of highland barley β-glucan on textural, structural, and rheological characteristics of corn starch.

Non-starch polysaccharides are added to grains as dietary fiber to enhance their processing characteristics. This study investigates the influence of highland barley β-glucan (HBBG) on the gelatinization, texture, rheological, structural, and retrogradation characteristics of corn starch (CS). The pasting analysis revealed that the trough, peak, and final viscosities of the CS gel were markedly decreased after HBBG addition.

Transcriptome analysis of testis and epididymis identifies key genes and pathways regulating gander sperm motility.

Sperm motility is a critical indicator of semen quality and determines the reproduction performance in male poultry. However, compared to chickens and ducks, very little is known about the physiological basis of varying levels of sperm motility as well the underlying regulatory mechanisms in geese. To address this, in the present study, a systematic comparison of semen quality parameters and histomorphological characteristics and genome-wide transcriptomic profiles of testes and epididymis were performed in ganders with high and low sperm motility.

The impact of temperature changes on the health vulnerability of migrant workers: an empirical study based on the China family panel studies.

Introduction: Migrant workers constitute a significant portion of China's workforce, and their health directly affects labor supply and economic stability. Health vulnerability plays a crucial role in shaping the well-being of migrant workers, yet its determinants, particularly the impact of temperature change, remain underexplored. This study, based on the socio-ecological model, investigates how temperature variations influence the health vulnerability of migrant workers in China.

Influence of Protein on Myofibrillar Protein Gelation and Application in Chicken Mince Products.

is rich in essential proteins, and is recognized for its medicinal and nutritional attributes. This study investigated the effects of protein (PEP) incorporation (0-7%) on the gel characteristics of chicken myofibrillar protein (MP) to develop a chicken mince product, providing theoretical supports for the development of functional restructured meat products. PEP incorporation improved the rheological and textual properties of the composite gels, enhancing hydrophobic interaction and disulfide bond formation, and thereby strengthening the gel characteristics.

AMPK activation by hepatitis E virus infection inhibits viral replication through attenuation of autophagosomes and promotion of innate immunity.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is generally asymptomatic or leads to acute and self-limiting hepatitis. The mechanisms orchestrating such an infection course remain to be elucidated. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a pivotal cellular sensor for maintaining metabolic homeostasis.

Discovery and identification of semaphorin 4D as a bioindicator of high fracture incidence in type 2 diabetic mice with glucose control.

Introduction: Bone fracture is increasing in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to skeletal fragility. Most antidiabetics are expected to reduce the incidence of fracture in patients with T2DM, however the results are disappointing. Metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists have a neutral or minor positive effect in reducing fractures.

Non-destructive identification of commercial jerky types based on multi-band hyperspectral imaging with machine learning.

Commercial jerky counterfeiting is widespread in the market. This study combined visible-near-infrared and short-wave-near-infrared hyperspectral imaging along with multiple machine learning algorithms for non-destructive identification of five types of commercial jerky products, and explored the impact of different spectral bands, algorithm selection, and optimization methods on identification performance. After data preprocessing, all models' accuracies and stability improved.

CPT1A Alleviates Senescence and Restores Osteogenic Differentiation of BM-MSC Through SOD2 Succinylation.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have promising prospects in bone repair and regenerative medicine. However, BM-MSCs gradually lose their original pluripotency and differentiation potential after successive passages. This study aimed to reveal the mechanism underlying the phenomenon.

ZCCHC3 inhibits PEDV proliferation by degrading nuclear coat proteins via the proteasome pathway.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in pigs is characterized by vomiting, dehydration, and diarrhoea. The structural proteins of PEDV play crucial roles in viral entry, release, assembly, outgrowth, and host immune regulation. Similar to other viruses, PEDV primarily relies on host cellular mechanisms for productive infection.

Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline wastewater using surfactant-modified Au-loaded CeO nanorods.

The residues of tetracyclines (TCs) antibiotics present significant challenges in terms of contamination and pose a threat to human health. In this study, a cost-effective n-type semiconductor, CeO, were loaded with small amounts of Au nanoparticles were fabricated by one-step hydrothermal method under alkaline conditions in the presence of the surfactant CTAB. Characterization tests revealed that Au/CeO had significant visible light absorption capacity and good e/h separation efficiency.

Junction Field-Effect Transistors Based on MoSe/WSe Heterostructures for High-Performance Photodetection.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials show great potential in creating high-performance ultracompact photodetectors. Existing 2D photodetectors are usually designed based on a photogating effect or photovoltaic effect. However, achieving a balance between photodetectivity and photoresponsivity presents a significant challenge due to increased dark currents at trap level recombination or the lack of a gain mechanism.

Simultaneous AoLP and DoLP Detection in a Bias-Switchable PdSe/MoS/PdSe Heterojunction for Polarization Discrimination.

On-chip polarized photodetectors play a crucial role in advancing ultra-compact optoelectronic devices for next-generation technologies. However, simultaneously detecting the angle of linear polarization (AoLP) and the degree of linear polarization (DoLP) within a single device remains a challenging task, particularly due to the inherently weak polarization states found in naturally anisotropic materials. In this paper, it is reported on the development of a twisted monopole barrier photodetector based on a PdSe/MoS/PdSe configuration.

Alkannin triggered apoptosis and ferroptosis in gastric cancer by suppressing lipid metabolism mediated by the c-Fos/SREBF1 axis.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common malignancies with high mortality worldwide, currently requires beneficial therapeutic strategies. Alkannin is the primary active component of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and has been shown to have potential anticancer effects on a variety of cancers. However, the specific effects and molecular mechanisms of alkannin against GC remain unknown.

Rethinking mitosis detection: Towards diverse data and feature representation for better domain generalization.

Mitosis detection is one of the fundamental tasks in computational pathology, which is extremely challenging due to the heterogeneity of mitotic cell. Most of the current studies solve the heterogeneity in the technical aspect by increasing the model complexity. However, lacking consideration of the biological knowledge and the complex model design may lead to the overfitting problem while limited the generalizability of the detection model.

Leveraging Automated Machine Learning for Environmental Data-Driven Genetic Analysis and Genomic Prediction in Maize Hybrids.

Genotype, environment, and genotype-by-environment (G×E) interactions play a critical role in shaping crop phenotypes. Here, a large-scale, multi-environment hybrid maize dataset is used to construct and validate an automated machine learning framework that integrates environmental and genomic data for improved accuracy and efficiency in genetic analyses and genomic predictions. Dimensionality-reduced environmental parameters (RD_EPs) aligned with developmental stages are applied to establish linear relationships between RD_EPs and traits to assess the influence of environment on phenotype.

Strong Persistent Luminescence NaYF-based Nanoparticles Combined with Manipulated Hyperfractionated Irradiation for X-ray-Excited Photodynamic Therapy Enhancement.

X-ray-excited photodynamic therapy (X-PDT), a novel synergistic therapy combining radiotherapy (RT) with photodynamic therapy (PDT), demonstrates not only more effective therapeutic outcomes but also overcomes the limitation of PDT's shallow penetration depth. Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) have been employed in X-PDT due to their unique afterglow emission, which yields more light to achieve more effective PDT outcomes using the same irradiation dose. However, at present, persistent luminescent materials used in X-PDT are mainly bulk crystals characterized by a nonuniform size and morphology, which are not suitable for biomedical applications, and the presence of excessive surface defects reduces the luminescence efficiency and the persistent luminescence duration.

Dexmedetomidine exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting Th1 cells and actuating Tregs in postoperative inflammation: Molecular structure and mechanism of action of STAT1 protein.

Dexmedetomidine, an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, has received attention in recent years for its role in reducing perioperative inflammatory response and neuroprotection. The aim of this study was to investigate how dexmedetomidine exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting Th1 cells and activating regulatory T cells (Tregs), and to analyze the molecular structure of STAT1 protein and its mechanism in this process. The number and function of Th1 cells and Tregs in peripheral blood and spleen were analyzed following treatment with dexmedetomidine.

Object Recognition Using Shape and Texture Tactile Information: A Fusion Network Based on Data Augmentation and Attention Mechanism.

Currently, most tactile-based object recognition algorithms focus on single shape or texture recognition. However, these single attribute-based recognition methods perform poorly when dealing with objects with similar shape or texture characteristics. Research on integrating shape and texture attributes is still limited, and existing feature fusion mechanisms tend to rely on simple connectivity while ignoring the interactions between different features.

Identification of pathogenic PD-1CD8 T cells for effective chimeric antigen receptor therapy in a murine model of Sjögren's disease.

Objective: Activated T cells play a pivotal pathogenic role in the progression of Sjögren's disease (SjD); however, there are currently no targeted therapies specifically designed to address them. This study aims to identify pathogenic CD8 T cells in SjD and develop targeted therapeutic strategies.

Methods: Il12bIl2ra mice, a murine model for overlapping primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and SjD, were employed in this study.

Effects of different rearing systems on the development of uropygial gland in three goose breeds.

This study aimed to investigate and compare the age-dependent effects of net-floor mixed rearing system (MRS) and cage rearing system (CRS) on the development-related parameters of uropygial glands among three economically important goose breeds, including Sichuan White goose (SW), Gang goose (GE), and Landes goose (LD). All goslings were reared under the similar environmental conditions during the first 10 post-hatching weeks, and the goslings of each breed were then equally divided into the MRS and CRS groups. At weeks 30 and 43, eight geese from each experimental group per breed were randomly selected for morphometric and histological measurements of the uropygial glands, including Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and oil red O-staining.

Injectable polypeptide/chitosan hydrogel with loaded stem cells and rapid gelation promoting angiogenesis for diabetic wound healing.

Diabetic wounds face challenges like infection, prolonged inflammation, and poor vascularization. To address these, we developed an injectable hydrogel for diabetic wound dressing by grafting palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-7) onto chitosan (CS) to form CS/Pal-7 (CP7). Glutaraldehyde (GA) was used to enhance crosslinking between CS, creating the CP7 hydrogel.

The behavioral mechanisms governing collective motion in swarming locusts.

Collective motion, which is ubiquitous in nature, has traditionally been explained by "self-propelled particle" models from theoretical physics. Here we show, through field, lab, and virtual reality experimentation, that classical models of collective behavior cannot account for how collective motion emerges in marching desert locusts, whose swarms affect the livelihood of millions. In contrast to assumptions made by these models, locusts do not explicitly align with neighbors.

Renin inhibitors versus angiotensin receptor blockers for primary hypertension.

Background: Renin inhibitors, which inhibit the first and rate-limiting step in the renin angiotensin system (RAS), are thought to be more effective than other RAS inhibitors in blocking the RAS. Previous meta-analyses have shown that renin inhibitors have a favourable tolerability profile in people with mild-to-moderate hypertension and a blood-pressure-lowering magnitude that is similar to that of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). ARBs inhibit the RAS by interfering with the binding of angiotensin II with its receptors.