Incorporating VR-RENDER Fusion Software in Robot-Assisted Partial Prostatectomy: The First Case Report.

Currently, the active surveillance of men with favorable intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa) is a longstanding controversy, in terms of their oncological outcomes, and radical prostatectomy would constitute a similar concern of overtreatment, regarding its functional outcomes. Thus, focal therapy could be considered in men belonging to favorable intermediate-risk group. Among all focal therapies, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) was the most studied methodology in clinical trials.

Yolk Sac Tumor in an Eight-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Yolk sac tumor (YST), which most frequently arises in the gonads as a type of germ cell tumor, is rare in children but is highly malignant. It has been suggested that alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) can be applied as a feasible tumor marker because its level was elevated in >90% of YST. The treatment generally involves debulking surgery of tumors followed by systemic chemotherapy.

A Novel Mechanistic Study on Ultrasound-Assisted, One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Benzimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-1(1H)-ones.

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of benzimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-1(1H)-ones was achieved via piperidine-catalyzed three-component reaction of 2-aminobenzimidazoles, an aromatic aldehyde, and 1,3-dione in aqueous isopropanol. This mechanism was first suspected following our identification of unusual reaction intermediates in a one-pot reaction. An unprecedented coupling reaction, it involved a nucleophilic attack by 2-aminobenzimidazole on in situ generated Michael adduct, followed by electrocyclic ring formation reaction.

Palladium-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of 2(2'-biphenyl)benzimidazoles through C-H activation.

An efficient palladium-catalyzed strategy through C-H bond activation for the synthesis of 2(2[Formula: see text]-biphenyl)-benzimidazoles is reported herein. The regioselective C-C bond formation proceeds in a sealed tube via oxidative C-H activation of ortho-directed 2-aryl-benzimidazole to couple with various iodobenzene analogs in high yields. This arylation exhibited high regioselectivity which is able to increase molecular diversity in difficult functionalized positions of parent molecules.

Divergent synthesis of unsymmetrical annulated biheterocyclic compound libraries: benzimidazole linked indolo-benzodiazepines/quinoxaline.

Diversity-oriented synthesis of novel benzimidazole linked indolo-benzodiazepine/quinoxaline ring systems using poly(ethylene glycol) as soluble polymer support is described. Commercially available 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid and indoline were utilized for the construction of these annulated biheterocyclic compound libraries having multiple privileged structures with three-point structural diversity. A reagent based diversification approach coupled with the Pictet-Spengler-type condensation was used to construct the tetracyclic indolo-benzodiazepines/quinoxalines on substituted benzimidazoles.

Soluble polymer supported divergent synthesis of tetracyclic benzene-fused pyrazino/diazepino indoles: an advanced synthetic approach to bioactive scaffolds.

The synthesis of indoline substituted nitrobenzene on a PEG support and its further elaboration to structurally diverse benzene-fused pyrazino/diazepino indoles is disclosed. A reagent based diversification approach coupled with Pictet-Spengler type condensation reactions furnished these fused polycyclic scaffolds. Microwave irradiation was used as a means of rate acceleration for soluble polymer-supported reactions.

Mean grey value is lower in endometriomas: differentiating a hypoechogenic adnexal cyst by 3-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound--a preliminary study.

Background: To assess parameters of 3-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound in differentiating an endometrioma from other hypoechogenic adnexal cysts.

Methods: We collected 58 patients with classic-appearing endometriomas (homogeneous hypoechogenic adnexal cysts with round shapes) on a 2-dimensional conventional sonography. The serum level of CA-125, parameters of 3-dimensional pelvic ultrasound including the volume of the cyst, the mean grey value (MGV), and three vascular indices: vascularization index, flow index, and vascularization flow index, were measured and then, after surgical intervention, were compared between the group with histologically proven endometriomas and the group with other histological diagnoses.

Microwave promoted simple, efficient and regioselective synthesis of trisubstituted imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles on soluble support.

An efficient microwave-assisted and soluble polymer-supported synthesis of medicinally important imidazole-fused benzimidazoles has been developed. The protocol involves the rapid condensation of polymer-bound amino benzimidazoles with various α-bromoketones and subsequent in situ intramolecular cyclization under microwave irradiation resulting in a one pot synthesis of imidazole interlacing benzimidazole polymer conjugates. The condensed product was obtained with excellent regioselectivity.

Multidisciplinary synthetic approach for rapid combinatorial library synthesis of triaza-fluorenes.

A new multidisciplinary synthetic approach comprising polymer-support synthesis, microwave-assisted synthesis, and multicomponent condensation facilitates synthesis of triaza-fluorenes library with a set of advantages such as rapid process, simple purification, and structural diversity in one shot. Microwave-assisted multistep synthetic protocol was used to construct the benzimidazole ring on soluble polymer support using activated aryl-fluorides. The PEG anchored aryl fluoride was condensed with selective primary amines via an ipso-fluoro displacement reaction followed by reduction of nitro group.

Roles of estrogen and progesterone in endometrial hemodynamics and vascular endothelial growth factor production.

Background: The endometrium becomes receptive to the embryo after sequential actions of estrogen and progesterone. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of estrogen and progesterone on endometrial hemodynamics and on secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from endometrial epithelial cells (EEC).

Methods: Six early postmenopausal women taking sequential estrogen and progestin [days 1-11: estradiol valerate (estrogen) 2 mg daily; days 12-21: estradiol valerate 2 mg plus norethisterone acetate (progestin) 1 mg daily] were recruited.