Does saponin in quinoa really embody the source of its bitterness?

While it is widely reported that saponins are the main source of the bitter taste in quinoa, this work found that some saponin compounds in quinoa husks elicit an umami response. The saponins were analyzed qualitatively and quantified by mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Two quinoa saponin compounds RT 46 (3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-l-arabino-pyranosyl-phytolaccagenic acid 28-O-β-d-gluco-pyranosyl), and RT 53 (3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-28-O-hederagenin) were isolated from quinoa husks through separation and purification.

[Effect of Angelica sinensis radix on colonic morphology and mucus secretion of experimental XuexuBianmi model mice].

Objective: To study the effects of Angelicaesinensis radix (Danggui) decoction on the therapeutic action and the colonic morphology and mucus secretion in XuexuBianmi model mice.

Methods: Sixty Kunming mice, maleandfemaleinhalf, were randomly divided into six groups according to gender and weight (=10):normal control group, XuexuBianmi model group, positive control group, and high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose Danggui groups. Except the normal control group, the mice in the rest groups were orally administrated with diphenoxylate (DPN) and subcutaneously injected with acetylphenyhydrazine (APH) and intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide (CPA) to copy XuexuBianmi model.

[Therapeutic effects of Dunhuang Liaofengxushouruo decoction on chronic heart failure in rats].

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects and mechanism of Dunhuang Liaofengxushouruo decoction (LXD) (Traditional Chinese Medicine) on chronic heart failure(CHF) in rats.

Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group(=8):model group, captopril group and LXD(Traditional Chinese Medicine) high, medium and low dose group. Except the normal group, the rats were intravenous injected with adriamycin 2.

[Social network analysis of traditional Chinese medicine on treatment of constipation].

The methods of literature metrology and data mining were used to study the research topics and social network analysis of traditional Chinese medicine for constipation. The major Chinese databases were searched to include the research studies of traditional Chinese medicine for constipation. BICOMS analysis software was used to extract and collect the main information and produce co-occurrence Matrix; gCLUTO software was used for cluster analysis.

[Establishment and effect observation on three kinds of Ti-Xu with constipation rat models].

Objective: To establish three types constipation models with the syndrome of Xue-Xu, Yin-Xu and Yang-Xu in rats, and to compare the difference of colonic motility, colonic water metabolism, colonic mucus secretion and the level of aquaporin-2 (AQP2).

Methods: Forty Sprague Dawley rats, male and female in half, were randomly divided into four groups:normal control group(N), Xue-Xu with constipation group(XC), Yin-Xu with constipation group(YC) and Yang-Xu with constipation group(YAC). Bloodletting and loperamide were used to induce the Xue-Xu with constipation in rats, thyroxin and loperamide were used to induce the Yin-Xu with constipation in rats, ice-water stimulation and loperamide were used to induce the Yang-Xu with constipation in rats.

[Protective Effects of Angelica sinensis Volatile Oil on Atherosclerosis in Hyperlipidemia Mice].

Objective: To study the protective effects of Angelica sinensis volatile oil on atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemia mice.

Methods: 60 mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, fluvastatin group, and high-, medium- and low-dose groups of Angelica sinensis volatile oil. Normal control group were fed with normal diet, the other groups were fed with high fat diet, and treated orally Vitamin D3 (100 million IU/kg) daily for 42 d.

[Effects of extraction of Angelicae sinensis and Astragalus mongholicus on the peritoneal structure, functions and TGF-β expression in the chronic peritoneal failure rats].

Objective: To study the effects of extraction of Angelicae sinensis and Astragalus mongholicus (EAA) on the peritoneal structure, functions and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) expression in the chronic peritoneal failure rats.

Methods: Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, positive control group, high-dose and low-dose EAA group(=10). The modeling rats were established by intraperitoneal injection(ip) 4.

[Therapeutic effects of ethanol extracts of Angelica sinensis and Astragalus mongholicus in diabetic gastroparesis rats].

Objective: To observe therapeutic effects of the ethanol extract of Angelica sinensis and Astragalus mongholicus (1:2) in diabetic gastroparesis (DG) rats.

Methods: Diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (200 mg/kg). DG was based on gastrointestinal motility index and the character of stool in diabetic rats.