Case report: A case report and literature review on spontaneous bacterial peritonitis induced by intestinal barrier damage in a colorectal cancer patient with malnutrition.

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is an infectious condition characterizing the presence of bacterial infection in the peritoneal fluid with no apparent source of infection within the abdomen. It is extremely rare for patients with malnutrition after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery to develop SBP. This is the first ever case reported case of SBP resulting from intestinal barrier compromise in a patient with colorectal cancer with malnutrition.

Elevated COMMD1 Contributes to Cardiomyocyte Copper Efflux in Chronic Myocardial Ischemia: Insights From Rhesus Monkey.

Copper deficiency, commonly observed in myocardial infarction, leads to cardiomyocyte loss and cardiac dysfunction, yet the mechanism driving copper efflux remains unclear. To further elucidate the relationship between copper transporters and cardiac copper efflux during chronic myocardial ischemia, a rhesus monkey model was established by performing the permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A dramatic decrease in copper concentration within ischemic cardiomyocytes was observed alongside declining cardiac function.

Reserve to Adapt: Mining Inter-Class Relations for Open-Set Domain Adaptation.

Open-Set Domain Adaptation (OSDA) aims at adapting a model trained on a labelled source domain, to an unlabeled target domain that is corrupted with unknown classes. The key challenge inherent to this open-set setting is therefore how best to avoid the negative transfer incurred by unknown classes during model adaptation. Most existing works tackle this challenge by simply pushing the entire unknown classes away.

Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor Improves Sinonasal Outcomes in Young Children With Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: Severe chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a near universal manifestation of cystic fibrosis. Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) is an oral, small molecule, highly effective Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) corrector-potentiator drug. In people with cystic fibrosis age > 12 years, ETI improves sinonasal symptoms, endoscopy findings, polyp size, and radiologic findings.

Thrombin generation indices and Wells score predict pulmonary embolism in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective: This study investigated the predictive value of thrombin generation indices and Wells score in the development of Pulmonary Embolism (PE) in patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD).

Methods: 160 patients who were admitted for AECOPD and underwent CT Pulmonary Arteriography (CTPA) were collected. Among them, a total of 62 cases were diagnosed with PE as the AECOPD with PE group, and the other 98 cases were not diagnosed with PE as the AECOPD group.

Transcriptome‑wide excavation and expression pattern analysis of the NAC transcription factors in methyl jasmonate- and sodium chloride-induced Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

The NAC family is among the most extensive sets of plant-exclusive transcription factors (TFs), which are crucial for various plant development and stress response processes. Although a growing number of studies have been carried out on the NAC family in different species, it has not been characterized in Glycyrrhiza uralensis. To thoroughly understand the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and sodium chloride (NaCl) inductions on NAC TFs and investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism of NAC TFs in response to MeJA and NaCl on the biosynthesis of metabolites, we used transcriptome sequencing combined with qRT‒PCR to explore differential gene expression.

Human Midbrain Organoids Enriched With Dopaminergic Neurons for Long-Term Functional Evaluation.

Human midbrain organoids with functional dopaminergic (DA) neurons are invaluable for the therapeutic development of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, current methods face significant limitations, including challenges in generating pint-sized organoids enriched with DA neurons and the lack of robust functional assays for efficiently evaluating neural networks over extended periods. Here we present an innovative approach that combines developmental patterning with mechanical cutting to produce small midbrain organoids, with diameters less than 300 μm, suitable for long-term evaluation, along with a comprehensive functional assay system consisting of calcium transient assay, neurite extension assay, and multielectrode array (MEA) assay.

Fraxetin inhibits IKKβ, blocks NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and alleviates spleen injury in sepsis.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory condition associated with severe organ failure, particularly splenic injury. Fraxetin (Fra), a natural product isolated from ash bark, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study explores the function and mechanism of Fra in sepsis-induced splenic injury using an in vivo mouse model induced by Cecal Ligation and Puncture and an in vitro sepsis model based on LPS/ATP co-stimulated J774A.

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Promotes Recanalization in Deep Vein Thrombosis by Modulating Endothelial Progenitor Cell Ferroptosis Through the Nrf2 Pathway.

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) provide a promising therapeutic choice for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Their number is increased by epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in patients with diabetes. Although EGCG is effective against doxorubicin-induced ferroptosis and cardiotoxicity, its efficacy in DVT treatment has not been well studied.

PSLFM: a single-frame uncalibrated photometric stereoscopic light field measurement scheme based on dense convolutional neural networks.

In the realm of 3D measurement, photometric stereo excels in capturing high-frequency details but suffers from accumulated errors that lead to low-frequency distortions in the reconstructed surface. Conversely, light field (LF) reconstruction provides satisfactory low-frequency geometry but sacrifices spatial resolution, impacting high-frequency detail quality. To tackle these challenges, we propose a photometric stereoscopic light field measurement (PSLFM) scheme that harnesses the strengths of both methods.

Color-multiplexed 3D differential phase contrast microscopy with optimal annular illumination.

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has become a valuable tool in the field of biomedical research due to its ability to quantify refractive index variations of live cells and tissues. For example, three-dimensional differential phase contrast (3D DPC) imaging uses through-focus images captured under different illumination patterns deconvoluted with a computed 3D phase transfer function (PTF) to reconstruct the 3D refractive index. In conventional 3D DPC with semi-circular illumination, partially spatially coherent illumination often diminishes phase contrast, exacerbating inherent noise, and can lead to a large number of zero values in the 3D PTF, resulting in strong low-frequency artifacts and deteriorating imaging resolution.

Positive feedback loop involving AMPK and CLYBL acetylation links metabolic rewiring and inflammatory responses.

Metabolic rewiring underlies effective macrophages defense to respond disease microenvironment. However, the underlying mechanisms driving metabolic rewiring to enhance macrophage effector functions remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the metabolic reprogramming in inflammatory macrophages depended on the acetylation of CLYBL, a citramalyl-CoA lyase, at lysine 154 (K154), and blocking CLYBL-K154 acetylation restricted the release of pro-inflammatory factors.

Seed microbiomes promote Astragalus mongholicus seed germination through pathogen suppression and cellulose degradation.

Background: Seed-associated microorganisms play crucial roles in maintaining plant health by providing nutrients and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, their functions in seed germination and disease resistance remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the microbial community assembly features and functional profiles of the spermosphere and endosphere microbiomes related to germinated and ungerminated seeds of Astragalus mongholicus by using amplicon and shotgun metagenome sequencing techniques.

Microbiome characterization of patients with Crohn disease and the use of fecal microbiota transplantation: A review.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory condition predominantly affecting the intestines, encompassing both ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease (CD). As one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, CD's pathogenesis is closely linked with the intestinal microbiota. Recently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has gained attention as a potential treatment for CD, with the effective reestablishment of intestinal microecology considered a crucial mechanism of FMT therapy.

CD4-Derived Double-Negative T Cells Ameliorate Alzheimer's Disease-Like Phenotypes in the 5×FAD Mouse Model.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that is difficult to predict and is typically diagnosed only after symptoms manifest. Recently, CD4 T cell-derived double-negative T (DNT) cells have shown strong immuno-regulatory properties in both in vitro and in vivo neuronal inflammation studies. However, the effectiveness of DNT cells in treating on AD are not yet fully understood.

The impact of highly effective modulator therapy on sinusitis and dysosmia in young children with cystic fibrosis: a prospective study protocol.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and olfactory dysfunction (OD) are prevalent disease complications in people with cystic fibrosis. These understudied comorbidities significantly impact quality of life. The impact of highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) in young children with cystic fibrosis (YCwCF) on these disease complications is unknown.

A Multi-Label Deep Learning Model for Detailed Classification of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Accurate diagnosis and classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are crucial for effective treatment and management. Traditional diagnostic models, largely based on binary classification systems, fail to adequately capture the complexities and variations across different stages and subtypes of AD, limiting their clinical utility.

Methods: We developed a deep learning model integrating a dot-product attention mechanism and an innovative labeling system to enhance the diagnosis and classification of AD subtypes and severity levels.

Identification of driving factors for heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution in agricultural soils using interpretable machine learning.

This study integrated data-driven interpretable machine learning (ML) with statistical methods, complemented by knowledge-driven discrimination diagrams, to identify the primary driving factors of heavy metal (HM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in agricultural soils influenced by complex sources in a rapidly industrializing region of a megacity in southern China. First, the statistical characteristics of the concentrations of HMs and PAHs, and their correlations with the environmental covariates were explored. Three ML models and a statistical model comprising multiple environmental variable predictors were developed and assessed to predict the concentration of HMs in the agricultural soil.

Anlotinib combined with tislelizumab in the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: a case report and literature review.

Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is extremely rare, highly aggressive, and has a very poor prognosis, with an overall survival typically not exceeding one year. Standard treatment is generally based on the regimen for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), with guidelines recommending etoposide combined with cisplatin (EP regimen) as the first-line treatment. However, their therapeutic effects are limited.

Phylogenetic analysis and detection of positive selection in the SIRT gene family across vertebrates.

SIRT6, a member of the sirtuin protein family, is recognized as a tumor suppressor. This study investigates the evolutionary history of the SIRT gene family and examines the selective pressures shaping their functional divergence. Insights into the evolution of these genes may enhance our understanding of their roles in disease pathology.

Accelerated stochastic processes of plankton community assembly due to tidal restriction by seawall construction in the Yangtze River Estuary.

Seawall construction has complex ecological impacts. However, the ecological mechanisms within plankton communities under tidal restriction resulting from seawall construction remain unexplored. Using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, this study examined the impact of seawall construction on the assembly process of planktonic eukaryote and bacteria communities from the unrestricted area and the tide-restricted area in the Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve of Yangtze River Estuary.

Prevalence and risk factors of long COVID-19 persisting for 2 years in Hainan Province: a population-based prospective study.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to persistent symptoms, sequelae, and other medical complications that may last for weeks or months after recovery. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and risk factors of long COVID-19 persisting for 2 years in Hainan Province, China, to aid in its recognition, prevention, and treatment. Between July and August 2022, 960 individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Hainan, China, were recruited.

Global-optimized energy storage performance in multilayer ferroelectric ceramic capacitors.

Multilayer ceramic capacitor as a vital core-component for various applications is always in the spotlight. Next-generation electrical and electronic systems elaborate further requirements of multilayer ceramic capacitors in terms of higher energy storage capabilities, better stabilities, environmental-friendly lead-free, etc., where these major obstacles may restrict each other.

High correlated color temperature white light-emitting diodes disrupt refractive development in guinea pigs.

Ubiquitous white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) possess optical properties that differ from those of natural light. This difference can impact visual perception and biological functions, thus potentially affecting eye health. Myopia, which leads to visual impairments and potentially irreversible vision loss or blindness, is the most prevalent refractive error worldwide.