Development and validation of a radiomics nomogram for preoperative prediction of BRAF mutation status in adult patients with craniopharyngioma.

Although craniopharyngiomas are rare benign brain tumors primarily managed by surgery, they are often burdened by a poor prognosis due to tumor recurrence and long-term morbidity. In recent years, BRAF-targeted therapy has been promising, showing potential as an adjuvant or neoadjuvant approach. Therefore, we aim to develop and validate a radiomics nomogram for preoperative prediction of BRAF mutation in craniopharyngiomas.

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting cerebrospinal fluid leak after endoscopic craniopharyngioma resection.

Objective: To identify risk factors for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak after extended endoscopic endonasal surgery for craniopharyngiomas and develop a predictive model for predicting postoperative CSF leak.

Methods: Six hundred and sixty cases of craniopharyngioma (training cohort: n = 462; validation cohort: n = 198) were retrospectively reviewed between October 2018 and May 2024, and relevant risk factors were identified. A nomogram was built using a stepwise logistic regression method based on the Akaike information criterion.

Comprehensive mapping of somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumour heterogeneity using spatial and single-cell transcriptomics.

Background: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) are common intracranial tumours that are highly heterogeneous with unpredictable growth patterns. The driver genes and mechanisms that are crucial for tumour progression in somatotroph PitNETs are poorly understood.

Methods: In this study, we performed integrative spatial transcriptomics (ST) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on somatotroph tumours and normal pituitary samples to comprehensively characterize the differences in cellular characteristics.

The gut microbiome in patients with Cushing's disease affects depression- and anxiety-like behavior in mice.

Background: Depression and anxiety significantly impact the quality of life in individuals with Cushing's disease (CD), which originates from pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), yet our understanding of the underlying mechanisms is limited. There is substantial evidence linking gut microbes to depression, anxiety, and endocrinology.

Results: The gut bacterial phenotype of patients with Cushing's disease was significantly different from that of the control group, and when the mice were treated with fecal bacteria from these patients, both anxiety- and depression-like behavior were significantly increased.

Three-dimensional chromatin landscapes in somatotroph tumour.

Background: The three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture plays a critical role inregulating gene expression. However, the specific alterations in thisarchitecture within somatotroph tumors and their implications for gene expression remain largely unexplored.

Methods: We employed Hi-C and RNA-seq analyses to compare the 3D genomic structures of somatotroph tumors with normal pituitary tissue.

TNF-α can promote membrane invasion by activating the MAPK/MMP9 signaling pathway through autocrine in bone-invasive pituitary adenoma.

Aims: A bone-invasive pituitary adenoma exhibits aggressive behavior, leading to a worse prognosis. We have found that TNF-α promotes bone invasion by facilitating the differentiation of osteoclasts, however, before bone-invasive pituitary adenoma invades bone tissue, it needs to penetrate the dura mater, and this mechanism is not yet clear.

Methods: We performed transcriptome microarrays on specimens of bone-invasive pituitary adenomas (BIPAs) and noninvasive pituitary adenomas (NIPAs) and conducted differential expressed gene analysis and enrichment analysis.

Clinicopathological and Molecular Profile of Sellar Neurocytoma.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, imaging characteristics and molecular profile of Sellar neurocytoma (SN).

Methods: Clinical, imaging, and pathological features of eleven cases of sellar neurocytoma were retrospectively analyzed. Electron microscopy was performed in five cases.

HSPB1 promotes tumor invasion by inducing angiogenesis in PitNETs.

The clinical diagnosis and treatment of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) that invade the cavernous sinus are fraught with difficulties and challenges. Exploring the biological characteristics involved in the occurrence and development of PitNETs that invade the cavernous sinus will help to elucidate the mechanism of cavernous sinus invasion. There are differences between intrasellar tumors (IST) and cavernous sinus-invasion tumors (CST) in ultramicrostructure, tumor microenvironment (TME), gene expression, and signaling pathways.

Drug resistance mechanisms in dopamine agonist-resistant prolactin pituitary neuroendocrine tumors and exploration for new drugs.

Background: The treatment of dopamine agonists (DA) resistant prolactinomas remains a formidable challenge, as the mechanism of resistance is still unclear, and there are currently no viable alternative drug therapies available. This study seeks to investigate the mechanism of DA resistance in prolactinomas and identify new potentially effective drugs.

Methods: To explore the mechanism of DA resistance in prolactinomas, this study conducted transcriptome sequencing analysis on 27 cases of DA-resistant prolactinomas and 10 cases of sensitive prolactinomas.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals tumor cell heterogeneity and immune microenvironment features of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

Background: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are one of the most common types of intracranial tumors. Currently, the cellular characteristics of normal pituitary and various other types of PitNETs are still not completely understood.

Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on 4 normal samples and 24 PitNET samples for comprehensive bioinformatics analysis.

Metformin inhibits cell proliferation and ACTH secretion in AtT20 cells via regulating the MAPK pathway.

We investigated the impact of metformin on ACTH secretion and tumorigenesis in pituitary corticotroph tumors. The mouse pituitary tumor AtT20 cell line was treated with varying concentrations of metformin. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, ACTH secretion was measured using an ELISA kit, changes in the cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the expression of related proteins was evaluated using western blotting.

PitNETs and the gut microbiota: potential connections, future directions.

The role of the gut microbiome has been widely discussed in numerous works of literature. The biggest concern is the association of the gut microbiome with the central nervous system through the microbiome-brain-gut axis in the past ten years. As more and more research has been done on the relationship between the disease of the central nervous system and gut microbes.

Efficacy of intraoperative visual evoked potential amplitude reduction in predicting visual outcome after extended endoscopic endonasal resection of craniopharyngiomas.

Objective: Postoperative visual outcome is a major concern of neurosurgeons for patients with craniopharyngiomas. The current study aimed to investigate the value of visual evoked potential (VEP) amplitude reduction (N75-P100 and P100-N145) for predicting postoperative visual dysfunction (POVD) and refining current warning criteria for VEP monitoring.

Methods: Data from 96 patients who underwent the extended endoscopic endonasal approach for craniopharyngiomas between October 2020 and November 2021 were retrospectively reviewed.

Identification of biomarkers associated with the invasion of nonfunctional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors based on the immune microenvironment.

Introduction: The invasive behavior of nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNEts) affects complete resection and indicates a poor prognosis. Cancer immunotherapy has been experimentally used for the treatment of many tumors, including pituitary tumors. The current study aimed to screen the key immune-related genes in NF-PitNEts with invasion.

Risk factors for cerebrospinal fluid leak after extended endoscopic endonasal surgery for adult patients with craniopharyngiomas: a multivariate analysis of 364 cases.

Objective: Over the last decade, the extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEEA) has evolved as a credible surgical alternative for removing craniopharyngiomas. However, postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak remains one of the most pressing concerns. Craniopharyngiomas often invade the third ventricle, resulting in a higher rate of third ventricle opening after surgery and potentially increasing the risk of postoperative CSF leak.

Comparative analysis of outcomes following craniotomy and expanded endoscopic endonasal approach resection of tuberculum sellae meningiomas: a single-institution study.

Background: Traditionally, supratentorial craniotomy has been used to sever tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs), but there has been a remarkably increasing tendency of extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEEA) used to treat TSMs in the recent decade. Several documents have described the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches, but there is no consensus on whether one is superior to the other.

Objective: This study aimed to compare surgical outcomes between craniotomy and EEEA for TSMS treated at our institution.

Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunological Role of HSPB1 in Pituitary Adenoma: A Potential Target for Therapy.

: The diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas with cavernous sinus invasion pose significant challenges for clinicians. The objective of this study is to investigate the expression profile and prognostic value of HSPB1 (heat shock protein beta-1) in pituitary adenomas with invasive and non-invasive features. Additionally, we aim to explore the potential relationship between HSPB1 expression and immunological functions in pituitary adenoma.

Emotional Problems, Quality of Life and Symptom Burden in Patients with Chordoma.

Chordomas are very rare malignant bone tumors. Following surgery, their effects on neurological, physical, psychological, social, and emotional functioning are substantial and can have a major impact on a patients' quality of life (QOL). In this survey, we aimed to characterize the postoperation health-related QOL and emotional problem in patients with chordoma using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD).

The effect of endoscopic transsphenoidal somatotroph tumors resection on pituitary hormones: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Currently, endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is the main treatment for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs). Excision of the tumor may have positive or negative effects on pituitary endocrine function, and the pituitary function of somatotroph tumors is a point of particular concern after the operation. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis on the effect of endoscopic transsphenoidal somatotroph tumor resection on pituitary function.

Comparative Efficacy of AZD9496 and Fulvestrant on the Growth of Pituitary Adenoma via Blocking JAK2/STAT5B Pathway.

Total 158 gonadotropin-type pituitary adenoma tissue specimens were collected and the expression of ESR1 in gonadotropin-type pituitary adenoma and its association with the overall survival of patients were analyzed. Transcriptome-sequencing data containing 79 cases of gonadotropin-type pituitary adenoma was used to search for all ESR1-related genes. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify the altering pathway and targeting genes.

High systemic inflammation score is associated with adverse survival in skull base chordoma.

Background: The systemic inflammation score (SIS), based on preoperative lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) and albumin (ALB), was recently developed and is demonstrated to be a novel prognostic indicator in several cancers. However, data discussing the utility of SIS in chordoma are lacking. We aimed to investigate the distribution and the prognostic role of SIS in primary skull base chordoma patients undergoing surgery.