In vitro simulated digestion and fermentation characteristics of pectic polysaccharides from fresh passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa L.) peel.

In this study, two pectic polysaccharides (PFP-T and PFP-UM) were extracted from fresh passion fruit peels using three-phase partitioning (TPP) and sequential ultrasound-microwave-assisted TPP methods, respectively, and their effects on the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation characteristics were examined. The results indicate that gastrointestinal digestion has a minimal effect on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of PFP-T and PFP-UM. However, during in vitro fecal fermentation, both undigested PFP-T and PFP-UM are significantly degraded and utilized by intestinal microorganisms, showing increased the total relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota in the intestinal flora.

Protective effect of metoprolol on arrhythmia and heart rate variability in healthy people with 24 hours of sleep deprivation.

Purpose: Sleep deprivation, which is a strong stressor, can greatly affect the cardiovascular system of rescue workers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 24-h sleep deprivation on heart rate variability (HRV) in young healthy people and the protective effect of metoprolol on arrhythmia.

Methods: Sixty young, healthy subjects (6 women and 54 men), aged 25 ± 4.

Adsorption and kinetic behavior of recombinant multifunctional xylanase in hydrolysis of pineapple stem and bagasse and their hemicellulose for Xylo-oligosaccharide production.

A recombinant multifunctional xylanase (RMFXase) was utilized to hydrolyze xylan in pineapple stems and bagasse. The feasibility of using RMFXase and the two agricultural by-products for producing Xylo-oligosaccharides was demonstrated. Adsorption dynamics showed that lignin and cellulose delayed the adsorption equilibrium.

Determination of astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis by first-order derivative spectrophotometry.

A highly selective, convenient, and precise method, first-order derivative spectrophotometry, was applied for the determination of astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis. Ethyl acetate and ethanol (1:1, v/v) were found to be the best extraction solvent tested due to their high efficiency and low toxicity compared with nine other organic solvents. Astaxanthin coexisting with chlorophyll and beta-carotene was analyzed by first-order derivative spectrophotometry in order to optimize the conditions for the determination of astaxanthin.

Optimal transport on supply-demand networks.

In the literature, transport networks are usually treated as homogeneous networks, that is, every node has the same function, simultaneously providing and requiring resources. However, some real networks, such as power grids and supply chain networks, show a far different scenario in which nodes are classified into two categories: supply nodes provide some kinds of services, while demand nodes require them. In this paper, we propose a general transport model for these supply-demand networks, associated with a criterion to quantify their transport capacities.