p54-Fc-Labeled Gold Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Strip-Assisted Portable Devices for Rapid and Quantitative Point-of-Care Detection of ASFV Antibodies.

In this study, a novel rapid immunochromatographic (IC) test for African swine fever virus (ASFV) antibodies is presented. An immunochromatographic test (IC) is a detection technique that combines membrane chromatography with immunolabeling. This approach saves time for antibody preparation, resulting in a shorter production cycle.

LncRNA-PVT1 enhances glucose metabolism of pediatric low-grade glioma cells through sponging miR-187-3p.

Pediatric low-grade glioma (PLGG) is a heterogeneous group of primary central nervous system malignancies which represent the most frequent brain tumors in children. Although diagnosis and treatment of PLGG have been improved recently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and progression of PLGG remain elusive. Studies have revealed critical roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in brain tumor progressions.

Enhanced Spontaneous Emission Rate and Luminescence Intensity of CsPbBr Quantum Dots Using a High- Microdisk Cavity.

Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are high-efficiency optoelectronic materials attracting great interest, but further improvement in the luminescence efficiency is crucial for their application. In this work, we enhance both the spontaneous emission rate and the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of CsPbBr QDs by coupling them to a high quality () factor SiO microdisk cavity. Compared to conventional metal plasmonic cavities, the dielectric cavity structure suppresses the effects of quenching and energy transfer, which could introduce complex fluctuations and nonradiative decays.

The wheat NLR pair RXL/Pm5e confers resistance to powdery mildew.

Powdery mildew poses a significant threat to global wheat production and most cloned and deployed resistance genes for wheat breeding encode nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors. Although two genetically linked NLRs function together as an NLR pair have been reported in other species, this phenomenon has been relatively less studied in wheat. Here, we demonstrate that two tightly linked NLR genes, RXL and Pm5e, arranged in a head-to-head orientation, function together as an NLR pair to mediate powdery mildew resistance in wheat.

Regulating Water Molecules via Bioinspired Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Zn Metal Anodes.

The Zn metal anode in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) faces daunting challenges including undesired water-induced parasitic reactions and sluggish ion migration kinetics. Herein, we develop three-dimensional covalent organic framework (COF) membranes with bioinspired ion channels toward stabilized Zn anodes. These COFs, featured by zincophilic pyridine-N sites, enable effective regulation of water molecules at the anode-electrolyte interphase.

Genetic Characterization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Isolates Circulating in Mosquitoes from Pig and Sheep Farms in Shanghai, China.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is regarded as an emerging and reemerging pathogen that is a primary cause of viral encephalitis in humans. However, there is a scarcity of research on the prevalence of JEV genotypes across the different mosquito species in Shanghai. In this study, the diversity of mosquito species and prevalence of JEV in pig and sheep farms in Shanghai were surveyed in 2022.

Tailoring a Transition Metal Dual-Atom Catalyst via a Screening Descriptor in Li-S Batteries.

The adsorption-conversion paradigm of polysulfides during the sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) is appealing to tackle the shuttle effect in Li-S batteries, especially based upon atomically dispersed electrocatalysts. However, mechanistic insights into such catalytic systems remain ambiguous, limiting the understanding of sulfur electrochemistry and retarding the rational design of available catalysts. Herein, we systematically explore the polysulfide adsorption-conversion essence via a geminal-atom model system to understand the catalyst roles toward an expedited SRR.

NS2B-D55E and NS2B-E65D Variations Are Responsible for Differences in NS2B-NS3 Protease Activities Between Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype I and III in Fluorogenic Peptide Model.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) NS2B-NS3 is a protein complex composed of NS3 proteases and an NS2B co-factor. The N-terminal protease domain (180 residues) of NS3 (NS3(pro)) interacts directly with a central 40-amino acid hydrophilic domain of NS2B (NS2B(H)) to form an active serine protease. In this study, the recombinant NS2B(H)-NS3(pro) proteases were prepared in and used to compare the enzymatic activity between genotype I (GI) and III (GIII) NS2B-NS3 proteases.

The novel β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide D-G(RF)3 demonstrates exceptional antibacterial efficacy.

The clinical application of most natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is hindered by their lack of a synergistic combination of high antibacterial efficacy, low toxicity, and stability, necessitating frequent complex modifications that incur significant labor and economic costs. Therefore, it is imperative to optimize the antibacterial properties of AMPs using some simplified approach. In this study, we designed a library of β-hairpin AMPs with identical β-turn sequences (-D-Pro-Gly-) and varying repetition units (IR, FR, and WK).

Lewis Acid Sites Assisted PtCu/CeO-C Enabling High-Performance for Oxygen Reduction.

Improvement in the durable and active low-Pt nanocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the essential target for clean energy. Herein, an efficient CeO supported PtCu alloy catalyst (PtCu/CeO-C) for ORR in acid media is developed. The CeO support can effectively anchor the PtCu particles and inhibit their migration during the long-life cycling, which is beneficial to the catalytic performance.

Signal pathways involved in contrast-induced acute kidney injury.

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) has emerged as a global public health concern, ranking as the third most prevalent cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury, which is related to adverse outcomes. However, its precise pathogenesis remains elusive. Consequently, researchers are dedicated to uncovering CI-AKI's pathophysiology and signaling pathways, including inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, to improve prevention and treatment.

The genetic diversity of genogroup I noroviruses causing acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in Beijing between 2014 and 2023.

Background: In the past decade, we have continuously conducted sporadic monitoring and outbreak detection of norovirus (NoV), which causes human acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in the capital of China. Accumulated data have shown that genogroup I (GI) NoVs not only cause sporadic cases but also cannot be ignored during outbreaks. This study aimed to update the genetic diversity of GI NoVs in the capital of China from 2014 to 2023.

Refining Metal-Free Carbon Nanoreactors through Electronic and Geometric Comodification for Boosted HO Electrosynthesis toward Efficient Water Decontamination.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) electrosynthesis using metal-free carbon materials via the 2e oxygen reduction pathway has sparked considerable research interest. However, the scalable preparation of carbon electrocatalysts to achieve satisfactory HO yield in acidic media remains a grand challenge. Here, we present the design of a carbon nanoreactor series that integrates precise O/N codoping alongside well-regulated geometric structures targeting high-efficiency electrosynthesis of HO.

Azocarboxamide-enabled enantioselective regiodivergent unsymmetrical 1,2-diaminations.

Enantioenriched unsymmetrical vicinal diamines are important basic structural motifs. While catalytic asymmetric intermolecular 1,2-diamination of carbon-carbon double bonds represents the most straightforward approach for preparing enantioenriched vicinal-diamine-containing heterocycles, these reactions are often limited to the installation of undifferentiated amino functionalities through metal catalysis and/or the use of stoichiometric amounts of oxidants. Here, we report organocatalytic enantioselective unsymmetrical 1,2-diaminations based on the rational design of a bifunctional 1,2-diamination reagent, namely, azocarboxamides (ACAs).

Synthesis, Performance Evaluation, and Adsorption-Dispersion Mechanism of Sulfonic Acid-Terminated Long Side Chain Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers.

Polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) achieve dispersion mainly via steric hindrance from poly(ether) side chains. However, long side chains may cause structural collapse. This study mitigates this issue by introducing sulfonic acid terminations to the long side chains, synthesizing sulfonic-terminated polycarboxylates (PCEPS).

Japanese encephalitis virus-induced DNA methylation contributes to blood-brain barrier permeability by modulating tight junction protein expression.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic and neuroinvasive flavivirus causing viral encephalitis, which seriously threatens the development of animal husbandry and human health. DNA methylation is a major epigenetic modification involved in viral pathogenesis, yet how DNA methylation affects JEV infection remains unknown. Here, we show genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in the brains of JEV-infected mice compared to mock-infected mice.

Impact of HHIP gene polymorphisms on phenotypes, serum IL-17 and IL-18 in COPD patients of the Chinese Han population.

Background: Genetic factors, including the Hedgehog Interacting Protein (HHIP) gene, play a crucial role in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) susceptibility. This study examines the association between HHIP gene polymorphisms and COPD susceptibility, phenotypes, and serum IL-17 and IL-18 levels in a Han Chinese population.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 300 COPD patients and 300 healthy controls in Chinese Han population.

F-Fluoro-2-Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Measures of Spatial Heterogeneity for Predicting Platinum Resistance of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer.

Background: The purpose of this study is to construct models for predicting platinum resistance in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) derived from quantitative spatial heterogeneity indicators obtained from F-FDG PET/CT images.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with HGSOC. Quantitative indicators of spatial heterogeneity were generated using conventional features and Haralick texture features from both CT and PET images.

The effect of hand and body position on chest compression quality and rescuer fatigue in prone cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the quality of compressions in supine cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and prone CPR by performing chest compressions on a manikin. Evaluating the effect of prone CPR using different hand and body position on the quality of manual chest compressions and fatigue of participants.

Methods: After completing 2 min of chest compression in the supine position (Supine Group), 25 participants randomly performed three sets of 2-minutes chest compressions on a prone position manikin.

Picotesla-sensitivity microcavity optomechanical magnetometry.

Cavity optomechanical systems have enabled precision sensing of magnetic fields, by leveraging the optical resonance-enhanced readout and mechanical resonance-enhanced response. Previous studies have successfully achieved mass-produced and reproducible microcavity optomechanical magnetometry (MCOM) by incorporating Terfenol-D thin films into high-quality (Q) factor whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities. However, the sensitivity was limited to 585 pT Hz, over 20 times inferior to those using Terfenol-D particles.

Rational Design and Fine Fabrication of Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling Textiles Integrate Antibacterial, UV-Shielding, and Self-Cleaning Characteristics.

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) textiles hold substantial potential for localized outdoor cooling of the human body without additional energy consumption, but their limited multifunctional integration severely hinders their practical application. Herein, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanoparticles were purposefully introduced into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers via a facile electrospinning process, forming a large-scale and flexible PDRC textile with the desired antibacterial, UV-shielding, and self-cleaning capabilities. These prepared PDRC textiles present a weighted sunlight reflection rate of 92.

SNAI1: a key modulator of survival in lung squamous cell carcinoma and its association with metastasis.

Background: Snail family zinc finger 1 (SNAI1) has been implicated in cancer progression and prognosis across various malignancies. This study aims to elucidate the prognostic significance of SNAI1 expression in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC) using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

Methods: SNAI1 expression levels in LUSC patients were stratified using X-tile software to establish optimal cut-off values.

alcohol dehydrogenase YahK is a protein that binds both iron and zinc.

Background: Previous studies have highlighted the catalytic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase YahK in the presence of coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and metal zinc. Notably, competitive interaction between iron and zinc ligands has been shown to influence the catalytic efficiency of several key proteases. This study aims to unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying YahK's catalytic action, with a particular focus on the pivotal roles played by metal ions zinc and iron.