Revisiting Dissolved Organic Matter Analysis Using High-Resolution Trapped Ion Mobility and FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry.

The molecular level characterization of complex mixtures remains an analytical challenge. We have shown that the integration of complementary, high-resolution, gas-phase separations allows for chemical formula level isomeric content description. In the current work, we revisited the current challenges associated with the analysis of dissolved organic matter using high-resolution trapped ion mobility separation (TIMS) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS).

The intersection of parent questions, child skills, and activity context in informal science, technology, engineering, and math learning.

Adult verbal input occurs frequently during parent-child interactions. However, few studies have considered how parent language varies across informal STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) activities. In this study, we examined how open and closed parent questions (a) differed across three STEM activities and (b) related to math, science, and vocabulary knowledge in their preschool-aged children.

3D Printed Integrated Sensors: From Fabrication to Applications-A Review.

The integration of 3D printed sensors into hosting structures has become a growing area of research due to simplified assembly procedures, reduced system complexity, and lower fabrication cost. Embedding 3D printed sensors into structures or bonding the sensors on surfaces are the two techniques for the integration of sensors. This review extensively discusses the fabrication of sensors through different additive manufacturing techniques.

BacterAI maps microbial metabolism without prior knowledge.

Training artificial intelligence (AI) systems to perform autonomous experiments would vastly increase the throughput of microbiology; however, few microbes have large enough datasets for training such a system. In the present study, we introduce BacterAI, an automated science platform that maps microbial metabolism but requires no prior knowledge. BacterAI learns by converting scientific questions into simple games that it plays with laboratory robots.

Distinct mechanism of Tb and Eu binding to NCS1.

Lanthanides have been frequently used as biomimetic compounds for NMR and fluorescence studies of Ca binding proteins due to having similar physical properties and coordination geometry to Ca ions. Here we report that a member of the neuronal calcium sensor family, neuronal calcium sensor 1, complexes with two lanthanide ions Tb and Eu. The affinity for Tb is nearly 50 times higher than that for Ca ( = 0.

Description of Dissolved Organic Matter Transformational Networks at the Molecular Level.

Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) is an important component of the global carbon cycle. Unscrambling the structural footprint of DOM is key to understand its biogeochemical transformations at the mechanistic level. Although numerous studies have improved our knowledge of DOM chemical makeup, its three-dimensional picture remains largely unrevealed.

Genetics tools for corpora allata specific gene expression in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Juvenile hormone (JH) is synthesized by the corpora allata (CA) and controls development and reproduction in insects. Therefore, achieving tissue-specific expression of transgenes in the CA would be beneficial for mosquito research and control. Different CA promoters have been used to drive transgene expression in Drosophila, but mosquito CA-specific promoters have not been identified.

Top-"Double-Down" Mass Spectrometry of Histone H4 Proteoforms: Tandem Ultraviolet-Photon and Mobility/Mass-Selected Electron Capture Dissociations.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on intact histones play a major role in regulating chromatin dynamics and influence biological processes such as DNA transcription, replication, and repair. The nature and position of each histone PTM is crucial to decipher how this information is translated into biological response. In the present work, the potential of a novel tandem top-"double-down" approach─ultraviolet photodissociation followed by mobility and mass-selected electron capture dissociation and mass spectrometry (UVPD-TIMS-q-ECD-ToF MS/MS)─is illustrated for the characterization of HeLa derived intact histone H4 proteoforms.

Nanomolar affinity of EF-hands in neuronal calcium sensor 1 for bivalent cations Pb2+, Mn2+, and Hg2.

Abiogenic metals Pb and Hg are highly toxic since chronic and/or acute exposure often leads to severe neuropathologies. Mn2+ is an essential metal ion but in excess can impair neuronal function. In this study, we address in vitro the interactions between neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS1) and divalent cations.

Graph Theoretic Approach for the Analysis of Comprehensive Mass-Spectrometry (MS/MS) Data of Dissolved Organic Matter.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a highly complex mixture of organic substances found in aquatic ecosystems. This mixture results from the degradation of primary producers within the ecosystem, groundwater, and the surrounding terrestrial sources. Understanding the chemical structure of DOM is crucial to assessing its impact on aquatic ecosystems.

Positive impacts of a strengths-based family program on Latino kindergarteners' narrative language abilities.

Narrative language abilities are foundational to literacy development and are a culturally grounded measure of early literacy for Latino children. This study evaluates the impacts on narrative language abilities and the costs of a 4-week, strengths-based program that leverages two valued sociocultural practices with built-in benefits, personal narratives, and family food routines (e.g.

Unsupervised Structural Classification of Dissolved Organic Matter Based on Fragmentation Pathways.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is considered an essential component of the Earth's ecological and biogeochemical processes. Structural information of DOM components at the molecular level remains one of the most extraordinary analytical challenges. Advances in determination of chemical formulas from the molecular studies of DOM have provided limited indications on structural signatures and potential reaction pathways.

Next Directions in Measurement of the Home Mathematics Environment: An International and Interdisciplinary Perspective.

This article synthesizes findings from an international virtual conference, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), focused on the home mathematics environment (HME). In light of inconsistencies and gaps in research investigating relations between the HME and children's outcomes, the purpose of the conference was to discuss actionable steps and considerations for future work. The conference was composed of international researchers with a wide range of expertise and backgrounds.

A strengths-based, culturally responsive family intervention improves Latino kindergarteners' vocabulary and approaches to learning.

Food routines are an ecocultural asset of Latino families. This cluster-randomized trial with 248 children (M  = 67 months; 50% girls; 13 schools) investigated the impact of a 4-week family program designed to capitalize on food routines in improving Latino kindergarteners' outcomes in the United States. There were moderate-to-large impacts on child vocabulary (especially food-related) at end-of-treatment and the 5-month follow-up, and suggestive evidence of moderate impacts on approaches to learning (ATL; including ATL math) and executive function at the 5-month follow-up (d = .

Structural Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter at the Chemical Formula Level Using TIMS-FT-ICR MS/MS.

TIMS-FT-ICR MS is an important alternative to study the isomeric diversity and elemental composition of complex mixtures. While the chemical structure of many compounds in the dissolved organic matter (DOM) remains largely unknown, the high structural diversity has been described at the molecular level using chemical formulas. In this study, we further push the boundaries of TIMS-FT-ICR MS by performing chemical formula-based ion mobility and tandem MS analysis for the structural characterization of DOM.

Teaching a novel word: Parenting styles and toddlers' word learning.

We examined the styles that parents adopted while teaching a novel word to their toddlers and whether those styles related to children's word learning and engagement during the task. Participants were 36 parents and their toddlers (M = 20 months). Parents were videotaped while teaching their children a name for a novel object.

Understanding the structural complexity of dissolved organic matter: isomeric diversity.

In the present work, the advantages of ESI-TIMS-FT-ICR MS to address the isomeric content of dissolved organic matter are studied. While the MS spectra allowed the observation of a high number of peaks (e.g.

Coupling trapped ion mobility spectrometry to mass spectrometry: trapped ion mobility spectrometry-time-of-flight mass spectrometry versus trapped ion mobility spectrometry-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

Rationale: There is a need for fast, post-ionization separation during the analysis of complex mixtures. In this study, we evaluate the use of a high-resolution mobility analyzer with high-resolution and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry for unsupervised molecular feature detection. Goals include the study of the reproducibility of trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) across platforms, applicability range, and potential challenges during routine analysis.

Experimental impacts of a teacher professional development program in Chile on preschool classroom quality and child outcomes.

We assessed impacts on classroom quality and on 5 child language and behavioral outcomes of a 2-year teacher professional-development program for publicly funded prekindergarten and kindergarten in Chile. This cluster-randomized trial included 64 schools (child N = 1,876). The program incorporated workshops and in-classroom coaching.

Teacher-child interactions in Chile and their associations with prekindergarten outcomes.

Quality of teacher-child interactions is central to prekindergarten children's learning. In the United States, the quality of teacher-child interactions is commonly assessed using the teaching through interactions conceptual framework and an associ/ated observational tool, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS). This study examined: (a) whether there was evidence supporting three distinctive domains of teacher-child interactions in Chile (construct validity) and (b) whether these domains predicted end-of-prekindergarten language, academic, and executive function skills in Chile (predictive validity).

The effect of dietary flaxseed on improving symptoms of cardiovascular disease in patients with peripheral artery disease: rationale and design of the FLAX-PAD randomized controlled trial.

Background: Flaxseed is an important source of alpha-linolenic acid an essential omega-3 fatty acid. The possibility that a supplementation of the diet with foods rich in alpha-linolenic acid, antioxidants and fiber (like flaxseed) has not been investigated.

Methods/design: The primary objective is to determine whether consumption of a diet rich in FLAXseed over a one year period has any beneficial cardiovascular effects in patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (FLAX-PAD study).

Aftershocks of Chile's earthquake for an ongoing, large-scale experimental evaluation.

Evaluation designs for social programs are developed assuming minimal or no disruption from external shocks, such as natural disasters. This is because extremely rare shocks may not make it worthwhile to account for them in the design. Among extreme shocks is the 2010 Chile earthquake.

Design and analysis of an adaptive board-to-board dynamic holographic interconnect.

We describe the design and analysis of an adaptive free-space optical interconnect between two circuit boards in a standard electronic backplane. An array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is used as the transmitter, and this communicates with a detector array on the receiver circuit board. Routing is achieved with a holographic crossbar that has a ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulator to display binary phase computer-generated holograms.