The conserved cysteines at position 18, 36, and 49 of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus VP39 are essential for virus replication.

Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus orf89 (vp39) encodes the major capsid protein VP39. Multiple alignments of protein sequences showed that VP39 has 8 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. Cysteine residues play an important role in proper function of a protein.

AcMNPV PKIP is required for hyperexpression of very late genes and involved in the hyperphosphorylation of the viral basic protein P6.9.

A previous study showed that a mutation in Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus pkip (ac24) led to severe defects in progeny budded virion production and very late gene transcription at non-permissive temperature. To dissect the underlying mechanism, our early study showed that PKIP is associated with nucleocapsid of budded virion and involved in nucleocapsid assembly. However, how pkip affects very late gene transcription has not been determined.

AcMNPV PKIP is associated with nucleocapsid of budded virions and involved in nucleocapsid assembly.

Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) orf24 (pkip) is a unique Alphabaculovirus gene. A previous study showed that a temperature-sensitive mutant of AcMNPV with a mutation in pkip displayed severe defects in progeny budded virion (BV) production and very late gene transcription, however, the underlying mechanism has not been determined. To investigate the function of pkip in the baculovirus replication cycle, we constructed a pkip-knockout AcMNPV bacmid in this study.

The Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ac110 gene encodes a new per os infectivity factor.

The Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) ac110 gene is especially conserved in lepidopteran-specific baculoviruses and is uncharacterized. To investigate the role of ac110 in the baculovirus life cycle, an ac110-knockout (vAc110KO) and a repair (vAc110:HA) viruses were constructed in this study. Budded virion production and occlusion body formation were unaffected in vAc110KO-transfected or infected Sf9 cells.