The metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, attenuates oncogenic TGF-β and NF-κB signaling to enhance membrane E-cadherin expression in pancreatic cancer cells.

The metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), plays multifaceted roles in inhibiting oncogenic signaling and can suppress the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key step in metastasis. In this investigation, NDRG1 inhibited the oncogenic effects of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells, promoting expression and co-localization of E-cadherin and β-catenin at the cell membrane. A similar effect of NDRG1 at supporting E-cadherin and β-catenin co-localization at the cell membrane was also demonstrated for HT-29 colon and CFPAC-1 pancreatic cancer cells.

Targeting Oncogenic Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling with Redox-Active Agents for Cancer Treatment.

Significance: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling is essential under physiologically relevant conditions. However, aberrant activation of this pathway plays a pertinent role in tumorigenesis and contributes to resistance. Recent Advances: The importance of the NF-κB pathway means that its targeting must be specific to avoid side effects.

Novel Thiosemicarbazones Inhibit Lysine-Rich Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CEACAM1) Coisolated (LYRIC) and the LYRIC-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Upregulation of N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 1 (NDRG1).

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a vital role in cancer progression as it is associated with inflammation and promotion of cancer angiogenesis and metastasis. The effects of TNF are mediated by its downstream target, the oncogene lysine-rich CEACAM1 coisolated protein (LYRIC, also known as metadherin or astrocyte elevated gene-1). LYRIC plays an important role in activating the nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-B) signaling pathway, which controls multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, etc.

Metals and metastasis: Exploiting the role of metals in cancer metastasis to develop novel anti-metastatic agents.

Metastasis is currently the leading cause of cancer related death and is the most feared and difficult to treat outcome for cancer patients. This complex process is regulated by a plethora of signaling pathways and molecules that control cell proliferation, invasion, motility and adhesion. Many of these vital processes that enable metastasis to occur are influenced by metals, which play crucial roles in the function of numerous proteins and enzymes.

Copper and conquer: copper complexes of di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones as novel anti-cancer therapeutics.

Copper is an essential trace metal required by organisms to perform a number of important biological processes. Copper readily cycles between its reduced Cu(i) and oxidised Cu(ii) states, which makes it redox active in biological systems. This redox-cycling propensity is vital for copper to act as a catalytic co-factor in enzymes.

The renaissance of polypharmacology in the development of anti-cancer therapeutics: Inhibition of the "Triad of Death" in cancer by Di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones.

Cancer is a disease that is a "moving target", since as the condition progresses, the molecular targets change and evolve. Moreover, due to clonal selection, a specific anti-cancer drug with one molecular target may only be effective for a limited time period before drug resistance results and the agent becomes ineffective. Hence, the concept of an anti-tumor therapeutic exhibiting polypharmacology can be highly advantageous, rather than a therapeutic obstacle.