A Little Known but Very Common Phenotype in Patients with Severe Congenital Neutropenia due to HAX1 Deficiency: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.

Background: Autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) has been associated with homozygous variants in the HAX1 gene. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the gonadal function and pubertal development in pediatric patients with SCN due to HAX1 gene variant (HAX1-SCN).

Methods: Forty-five patients, including 24 females (median age 11.

The Causes and Diagnosis of Non-congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Children.

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a critical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Diagnosis can be challenging due to various underlying causes, including defects in adrenal gland development, resistance to adrenocorticotropic hormone, autoimmune causes, and metabolic problems. A specific diagnosis is essential for developing a treatment plan and identifying other possible accompanying pathologies.

Increased Severity of Presentation Signs in Children with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tertiary Center Experience.

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an important complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) which is worsened when the diagnosis of T1DM is delayed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presentation patterns, severity, autoantibody status, and seasonal variability of newly diagnosed T1DM patients during the pandemic period of 2 years compared to those in the pre-pandemic period.

Methods: In this single tertiary center retrospective cohort study, newly diagnosed T1DM patients were grouped as pre-pandemic and pandemic period.

A National Multicenter Study of Leptin and Leptin Receptor Deficiency and Systematic Review.

Context: Homozygous leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) variants lead to childhood-onset obesity.

Objective: To present new cases with LEP and LEPR deficiency, report the long-term follow-up of previously described patients, and to define, based on all reported cases in literature, genotype-phenotype relationships.

Methods: Our cohort included 18 patients (LEP = 11, LEPR = 7), 8 of whom had been previously reported.

Health Effects Associated With Kratom () and Polysubstance Use: A Narrative Review.

Background: Kratom () consumption and associated health effects have raised debates in the United States. Although most people using this herb do not experience adverse health effects associated with kratom use, medical providers should be knowledgeable of emerging substances and concurrent, sequential, or simultaneous use of other drugs which may impact healthcare recommendations and prescribing practices.

Methods: The objective of this narrative review was to elucidate selected health effects associated with using kratom-either alone or with other substances.

Pathogenic variants in RNPC3 are associated with hypopituitarism and primary ovarian insufficiency.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the molecular basis underlying a novel phenotype including hypopituitarism associated with primary ovarian insufficiency.

Methods: We used next-generation sequencing to identify variants in all pedigrees. Expression of Rnpc3/RNPC3 was analyzed by in situ hybridization on murine/human embryonic sections.

Evaluation of micronutrient levels in children and adolescents with obesity and their correlation with the components of metabolic syndrome.

Background: Obesity is a significant public health problem worldwide. Vitamin deficiencies, developing due to monotype nutrition, are more likely to be observed in patients than healthy children. The present study evaluates vitamin and micronutrient levels in children and adolescents with obesity and metabolic syndrome compared to healthy controls.

Breakfast and dinner insulin index and insulin load in relation to overweight in children and adolescents.

Purpose: Hyperinsulinemia is related to the development of several chronic diseases, particularly obesity. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between the insulinemic potential of both total diet and meals, measured by the glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), insulin index (II), and insulin load (IL), and overweight risk among children and adolescents.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 205 overweight and 146 normal-weight participants aged 6-18 years.

Endocrine Disruptors and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Phthalates.

Objective: We aimed to investigate a possible role of the endocrine disruptors phthalates, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) aetiopathogenesis. We also wished to evaluate the relationship between phthalates and metabolic disturbances in adolescents with PCOS.

Methods: A total of 124 adolescents were included.

A potential serious complication in infants with congenital obstructive uropathy: Secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism.

Patients who have secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) in addition to hyponatraemia, hyperpotassaemia and high serum aldosterone levels for the age were included in this retrospective study.Among eight patients, seven patients were diagnosed with PHA secondary to obstructive uropathy (OUP), whereas one patient had PHA secondary to ileostomy. Six patients with OUP had simultaneous urinary tract infection (UTI) and in all except one patient, secondary PHA recovered with only UTI treatment before applying surgical correction.

Arrhythmia in thiamine responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome.

Argun M, Baykan A, Hatipoğlu N, Akın L, Şahin Y, Narin N, Kurtoğlu S. Arrhythmia in thiamine responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome. Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 348-351.

ROHHAD Syndrome, a Rare Cause of Hypothalamic Obesity: Report of Two Cases.

Rapid-onset obesity with hypoventilation, hypothalamic dysfunction and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) syndrome is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnosis and distinguish from genetic obesity syndromes. The underlying causes of the disease have not been fully explained. Hypothalamic dysfunction causes endocrine problems, respiratory dysfunction and autonomic alterations.

Evaluation of vitamin D prophylaxis in 3-36-month-old infants and children.

Background: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency (VDD) is still a population-based health problem that affects people at different ages. The aim of this study was to evaluate VD prophylaxis for the prevention of VDD in (3-36)-month-old infants and children.

Methods: Infants and children aged between 3 and 36 months, with different etiologies, admitted to outpatient and inpatient clinics from October 2010 to October 2011 at the Children's Hospital of Erciyes University, were enrolled for the study.

Urinary levels of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline and bone mineral density in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: There is still controversy over the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on bone mass in children. Pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (DPyr), which stabilize the collagen chains within the extracellular matrix, are known as specific bone turnover markers. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between urinary Pyr and DPyr excretions and bone mineral density (BMD) in children with type 1 DM.

The Etiology and Clinical Features of Non-CAH Gonadotropin-Independent Precocious Puberty: A Multicenter Study.

Aim: The causes of gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty are diverse, and often have overlapping clinical and biochemical features. With the exception of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), disorders that cause gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty (GIPP) are uncommon. The literature is devoid of any large-scale studies on the etiologic distribution of GIPP.

Anthropometric findings from birth to adulthood and their relation with karyotpye distribution in Turkish girls with Turner syndrome.

To evaluate the anthropometric features of girls with Turner syndrome (TS) at birth and presentation and the effect of karyotype on these parameters. Data were collected from 842 patients with TS from 35 different centers, who were followed-up between 1984 and 2014 and whose diagnosis age ranged from birth to 18 years. Of the 842 patients, 122 girls who received growth hormone, estrogen or oxandrolone were excluded, and 720 girls were included in the study.

An Unusual Presentation of Parathyroid Adenoma in an Adolescent: Calcific Achilles Tendinitis.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in children and adolescents is a rare condition. PHPT is usually sporadic and caused by parathyroid adenoma. Patients may present with bone pain, proximal myopathy, bony deformities, fractures, renal calculi, mass on the neck, or acute pancreatitis.

Increased Serum Phthalates (MEHP, DEHP) and Bisphenol A Concentrations in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Endocrine Disruptors in Autism Etiopathogenesis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between autism spectrum disorders development and exposure to mono-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (MEHP), di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), and bisphenol A (BPA), 1 of the endocrine disruptors, among phthalates. The study included 48 children with autism spectrum disorder (27 boys, 21 girls) and 41 healthy subjects (24 boys, 17 girls) as controls. Serum MEHP, DEHP, and BPA levels were measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Turner syndrome and associated problems in Turkish children: a multicenter study.

Objective: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy that manifests various clinical features depending on the karyotype and on the genetic background of affected girls. This study aimed to systematically investigate the key clinical features of TS in relationship to karyotype in a large pediatric Turkish patient population.

Methods: Our retrospective study included 842 karyotype-proven TS patients aged 0-18 years who were evaluated in 35 different centers in Turkey in the years 2013-2014.

A patient developing anaphylaxis and sensitivity to two different GnRH analogues and a review of literature.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues are used in the treatment of prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometriosis, and uterine leiomyomas in adults and often in the treatment of precocious puberty in children. Many adverse effects have been reported for gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues, but anaphylaxis is rarely reported as an adverse effect. Frequent cross-reactions, particularly during childhood, and diversity of the time of onset of anaphylactic manifestations complicate the diagnosis.

Endocrine abnormalities of patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate during the neonatal period.

Background/aim: There are close interactions among the developing oral cavity, pituitary gland, and central nervous system (CNS) in early embryonic life. In this study we aimed to screen endocrine abnormalities in patients with orofacial clefts in the neonatal period.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-one patients with isolated orofacial median clefts wereincluded in the study.

The endocrine disruptor bisphenol A may play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent girls.

Aim: Experimental in vitro studies have shown that bisphenol A affects steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis and ovarian morphology. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in the aetiopathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescents and its relationship with metabolic parameters, insulin resistance and obesity in this population.

Methods: A total of 112 girls with PCOS and 61 controls between 13 and 19 years of age were enrolled in the study.

Plasma Pentraxin 3 as a biomarker of metabolic syndrome.

Objective: To assess the plasma Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) concentrations in obese children and to investigate the relationship between PTX3 levels and metabolic syndrome (MS) components.

Methods: Seventy-seven obese patients aged 10-16 y (38 girls, 39 boys) were included in the study. PTX3 levels were compared between the groups with or without MS.