Phenylhydroxycarbene.

Phenylhydroxycarbene (Ph-C-OH, 1), the parent of all arylhydroxycarbenes, was generated by high-vacuum flash pyrolysis of phenylglyoxylic acid at 600 degrees C and spectroscopically characterized (IR, UV-vis) via immediate matrix isolation in solid Ar at 11 K. The identity of 1 was unequivocally confirmed by the precise agreement between the observed IR bands and (unscaled) anharmonic vibrational frequencies computed from a CCSD(T)/cc-pVDZ quartic force field. The UV-vis spectrum of 1 displays a broad band with maximum absorption at 500 +/- 25 nm (2.

Mycoplasma iowae associated with chondrodystrophy in commercial turkeys.

Opportunistic observations of and necropsies from selected commercial (meat) turkey flocks revealed skeletal lesions consistent with chondrodystrophy, characterized by leg and vertebral deformities, occurring at very low incidences in turkeys from two primary breeds and various multiplier breeder flocks. Mycoplasma organisms were cultured and identified as Mycoplasma iowae by immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction from some of the vertebral lesions but not from leg joints. This is the first detailed description of the gross and microscopic lesions of vertebral chondrodystrophy associated with M.

Fetal cerebral energy metabolism and electrocardiogram during experimental umbilical cord occlusion and resuscitation.

Objective: The purpose of this experimental study was to elucidate alterations in fetal energy metabolism in relation to ECG changes during extreme fetal asphyxia, postnatal resuscitation and the immediate post-resuscitatory phase.

Study Design: Five near-term fetal sheep were subjected to umbilical cord occlusion until cardiac arrest followed by delivery, resuscitation and postnatal pressure-controlled ventilation. Four sheep served as sham controls and were delivered immediately after ligation of the umbilical cord.

New insights into the development of retinopathy of prematurity--importance of early weight gain.

Unlabelled: Evidence is accumulating that one of the strongest predictors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), in addition to low gestational age, is poor weight gain during the first weeks of life. In infants born preterm, the retina is not fully vascularised. The more premature the child, the larger is the avascular area.

Early intervention in management of very preterm growth-restricted fetuses: 2-year outcome of infants delivered on fetal indication before 30 gestational weeks.

Objectives: To describe the outcome of growth-restricted fetuses with absent or reversed end-diastolic flow (ARED) in the umbilical artery delivered on fetal indication before 30 gestational weeks.

Methods: Between 1998 and 2004, 42 fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and ARED in the umbilical artery were delivered liveborn by Cesarean section on fetal indication before 30 gestational weeks. The median gestational age at delivery was 27 + 1 (range, 24 + 4 to 29 + 5) weeks.

Circulatory effects of inhaled iloprost in the newborn preterm lamb.

Inhaled NO (iNO) has an established role in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the newborn. However, costs and potential toxicity associated with iNO have generated interest in alternative inhaled selective pulmonary vasodilators such as iloprost. In a preterm lamb model of respiratory distress syndrome, we studied effects of increasing doses of iloprost followed by iNO on right ventricular pressure (RVP) and circulation including cerebral oxygenation.

The influence of age on the distribution of morphine and morphine-3-glucuronide across the blood-brain barrier in sheep.

Background And Purpose: The effect of age on the distribution of morphine and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was studied in a sheep model utilizing intracerebral microdialysis. The effect of neonatal asphyxia on brain drug distribution was also studied.

Experimental Approach: Microdialysis probes were inserted into the cortex, striatum and blood of 11 lambs (127 gestation days) and six ewes.

Validation of a new retinopathy of prematurity screening method monitoring longitudinal postnatal weight and insulinlike growth factor I.

Objective: To validate in a prospective study the surveillance algorithm WINROP for detecting infants at risk for proliferative retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: Fifty preterm infants with a mean gestational age of 26 weeks were included. In the first step of WINROP, weekly measures of body weight and serum insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) level from birth until postmenstrual age 36 weeks are entered and compared with expected development.

A pharmacokinetic and dosing study of intravenous insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-binding protein-3 complex to preterm infants.

In preterm infants, low levels of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) have been associated with impaired growth and retinopathy of prematurity. Our objective was to study safety and pharmacokinetics of i.v.

Fresh-frozen plasma as a source of exogenous insulin-like growth factor-I in the extremely preterm infant.

Context: Preterm birth is followed by a decrease in circulatory levels of IGF-I and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3, proteins with important neurogenic and angiogenic properties.

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the effects of iv administration of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) from adult donors on circulatory levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in extremely preterm infants.

Design, Setting, And Patients: A prospective cohort study was performed in 20 extremely preterm infants [mean (SD) gestational age 25.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 is essential for LPS-induced sensitization and tolerance to oxygen-glucose deprivation in murine neonatal organotypic hippocampal slices.

Inflammation and ischemia have a synergistic damaging effect in the immature brain. The role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors 1 and 2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sensitization and tolerance to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was evaluated in neonatal murine hippocampal organotypic slices. Hippocampal slices from balb/c, C57BL/6 TNFR1(-/-), TNFR2(-/-), and wild-type (WT) mice obtained at P6 were grown in vitro for 9 days.

High brain tissue oxygen tension during ventilation with 100% oxygen after fetal asphyxia in newborn sheep.

The optimal inhaled oxygen fraction for newborn resuscitation is still not settled. We hypothesized that short-lasting oxygen ventilation after intrauterine asphyxia would not cause arterial or cerebral hyperoxia, and therefore be innocuous. The umbilical cord of fetal sheep was clamped and 10 min later, after delivery, ventilation with air (n = 7) or with 100% oxygen for 3 (n = 6) or 30 min (n = 5), followed by air, was started.

Early amplitude-integrated EEG correlates with cord TNF-alpha and brain injury in very preterm infants.

Aim: To investigate if the early electroencephalogram (EEG) and amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) in very preterm infants is affected by perinatal inflammation and brain injury, and correlates with long-term outcome.

Methods: Sixteen infants born at 24-28 gestational weeks (median 25.5) had continuous EEG/aEEG during the first 72 h of life.

Inflammation at birth is associated with subnormal development in very preterm infants.

Preterm birth carries a risk for impaired developmental outcome. We have previously described an association between increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines during the first 72 postnatal hours and cerebral damage as detected by ultrasound in a cohort of 74 very preterm infants. Sixty-seven of 71 surviving children with a mean gestational age of 27.

Effects of route of inoculation on Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in captive house finches.

The routes by which Mycoplasma gallisepticum initiates infection during outbreaks of conjunctivitis in house finches remain uncertain. As M. gallisepticum recovered from the cloaca of chickens remains viable for up to 3 days in chicken faeces, the possibility of spread via faecal contamination has been suggested.

Pneumonia of turkey breeder hens associated with Mycoplasma synoviae.

Turkey breeder hens showed an increase in mortality beginning at 38 wk of age with no other clinical signs or changes in egg production. While no respiratory signs were observed in live turkeys, those that died consistently had gross lesions of pneumonia. Histopathology of lungs revealed serofibrinous bronchopneumonia, lymphofollicular reaction, and other features suggesting a bacterial etiology.

Cognitive function in young adults following intrauterine growth restriction with abnormal fetal aortic blood flow.

Objective: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a recognized risk factor for neurological deficits later in life. Abnormal fetal blood flow in the presence of IUGR helps to distinguish fetuses with true growth impairment from those that are small but normally grown. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of IUGR with abnormal fetal blood flow on cognitive function and psychological development in young adults.

Cerebral inflammatory response after fetal asphyxia and hyperoxic resuscitation in newborn sheep.

Resuscitation with pure oxygen at birth after fetal asphyxia may aggravate brain damage by inducing pro-inflammation. The toll-like receptors (TLRs) may serve a pro-inflammatory role in hyperoxemia during ischemia-reperfusion. Sixteen near-term fetal sheep (132-136 d) were subjected to 10 min of cord occlusion, delivery and mechanical ventilation with 100% O2 (n = 8), or 21% O2 (n = 8) for 30 min followed by normoxemia for 90 min.

Inflammation at birth and the insulin-like growth factor system in very preterm infants.

Background: Foetal inflammation is associated with an increased risk of brain damage in preterm infants whereas IGF-I is essential for cerebral development and exhibits anti-apoptotic properties.

Aim: To assess levels of IGF-I and IGF binding proteins at very preterm birth and to evaluate their relationship with foetal pro-inflammation and cerebral damage.

Methods: Levels of IGF-I, IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), high- (hp) and low-phosphorylated (lp) IGFBP-1 in cord blood and neonatal blood at 72 h after delivery were analysed in relation to levels of cytokines and cerebral damage as detected by ultrasound in 74 inborn infants [mean gestational age (GA) 27.

Increased fetal blood pressure response to maternal norepinephrine after pharmacological inhibition of norepinephrine uptake in pregnant sheep.

Objective: Norepinephrine (NE) is elevated in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (PE). Specific uptake of NE by the NE transporter (NET) plays a central role as regulator of NE levels. Expression of NET is reduced in placentas from PE pregnancies.

Further western spread of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection of house finches.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum, an important pathogen of poultry, especially chickens and turkeys, emerged in 1994 as the cause of conjunctivitis in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) in their eastern range of North America. The resulting epidemic of M. gallisepticum conjunctivitis severely decreased house finch abundance and the continuing endemic disease in the eastern range has been associated with repeating seasonal peaks of conjunctivitis and limitation of host populations.

Genotypic analyses of Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates from songbirds by random amplification of polymorphic DNA and amplified-fragment length polymorphism.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) conjunctivitis emerged in 1994 as a disease of free-ranging house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) in North America and has also been isolated from other songbirds with conjunctivitis. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) of house finch and other songbird isolates has suggested that a single 'strain' initiated this outbreak. To explore the possibility of genomic variability among house finch isolates of MG and to evaluate the utility of a second technique for MG genotyping, we selected samples from our archive of reference strains and wild songbird isolates to analyze using both RAPD and amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP); this is a newer technique that has been successfully used to explore the genomic variability of several Mycoplasma species.

Umbilical cord levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and neonatal outcome.

Background: Previous studies indicate that there may be infant gender differences in cytokine expression associated with differences in neonatal morbidity.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that umbilical cord interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) correlates with infant gender and neonatal outcome in preterm infants.

Study Design: IL-1ra was measured in cord blood taken from 58 preterm infants (33 males, 25 females) with gestational age less than 32 weeks.

Circulating interferon-gamma and white matter brain damage in preterm infants.

The fetal inflammatory response has been suggested as causal in neonatal morbidity. Serial levels of circulating cytokines were evaluated in 74 infants with a mean gestational age (GA) of 27.1 wk.

Re-exposure of captive house finches that recovered from Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection.

Fourteen house finches were reinoculated (re-exposed) with 0.05 ml (3.24x10(5) colony forming units/ml) of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in the conjunctival sac of each eye.