Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Clove Oil in Decontamination of Ready-to-Eat Spinach ( L.).

Due to an increased demand for natural food additives, clove oil was assessed as a natural alternative to chemical disinfectants in produce washing. This study assessed the antimicrobial activity of 5 and 10% (/) clove oil-amended wash liquid (CO) using a zone of inhibition (ZIB) test and determined the time required to completely inactivate pathogenic bacteria using bacterial death curve analysis. A washing experiment was used to evaluate CO's ability to inhibit bacterial growth on inoculated RTE spinach and in the wash water.

Trapping Anions within Stacks of Tetra-Urea Macrocycles.

Designing molecular receptors that bind anions in water is a significant challenge, and an even greater difficulty lies in using these receptors to remove anions from water without resorting to the hazardous liquid-liquid extraction approach. We here demonstrate an effective and synthetically simple strategy toward these goals by exploiting ion-pair assembly of macrocycles. Our anion binding ensemble consists of an octa-chloro tetra-urea macrocyclic anion receptor (ClTU), which forms water-dispersible aggregates, and a tetra-cationic fluorescent dye 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin (TMPyP4), which provides Coulombic stabilization and fluorescence reporting of anion binding in an ion-pair assembly.

Sialic acid aptamer and RNA in situ hybridization-mediated proximity ligation assay for spatial imaging of glycoRNAs in single cells.

Glycosylated RNAs (glycoRNAs) have recently emerged as a new class of molecules of substantial interest owing to their potential roles in cellular processes and diseases. However, studying glycoRNAs is challenging owing to the lack of effective research tools including, but not limited to, imaging techniques to study the spatial distribution of glycoRNAs. Recently, we reported the development of a glycoRNA imaging technique, called sialic acid aptamer and RNA in situ hybridization-mediated proximity ligation assay (ARPLA), to visualize sialic acid-containing glycoRNAs with high sensitivity and specificity.

Reconciling predicted and measured viscosity parameters in high concentration therapeutic antibody solutions.

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) solution viscosity in ultra-high concentration formulations is a key developability consideration in mAb development risk mitigation strategies that has implications for downstream processing and patient safety. Predicting viscosity at therapeutically relevant concentrations remains critical, despite the need for large mAb quantities for viscosity measurement being prohibitive. Using a panel of IgG1s, we examined the suitability of viscosity prediction and fitting models at different mAb test concentration regimes.

Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery for Malone Antegrade Continent Enema: Optimizing Outcomes in Pediatric Bowel Management.

Background: Malone antegrade continence enemas (MACE) are increasingly being used to manage severe constipation and fecal incontinence in children. Despite advances in minimally invasive pediatric colorectal surgery, single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) for MACE creation remains relatively unexplored. This study, featuring the largest cohort to date, evaluates the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes of SILS MACE creation in children.

Use of integrated population models for assessing density-dependence and juvenile survival in Northern Bobwhites ().

Management of wildlife populations is most effective with a thorough understanding of the interplay among vital rates, population growth, and density-dependent feedback; however, measuring all relevant vital rates and assessing density-dependence can prove challenging. Integrated population models have been proposed as a method to address these issues, as they allow for direct modeling of density-dependent pathways and inference on parameters without direct data. We developed integrated population models from a 25-year demography dataset of Northern Bobwhites () from southern Georgia, USA, to assess the demographic drivers of population growth rates and to estimate the strength of multiple density-dependent processes simultaneously.

Retinal Vessel Plexus Differentiation Based on OCT Angiography Using Deep Learning.

Purpose: Although structural OCT is traditionally used to differentiate the vascular plexus layers in OCT angiography (OCTA), the vascular plexuses do not always obey the retinal laminations. We sought to segment the superficial, deep, and avascular plexuses from OCTA images using deep learning without structural OCT image input or segmentation boundaries.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Circulating tumor-reactive KIRCD8 T cells suppress anti-tumor immunity in patients with melanoma.

Effective anti-tumor immunity is driven by cytotoxic CD8 T cells with specificity for tumor antigens. However, the factors that control successful tumor rejection are not well understood. Here we identify a subpopulation of CD8 T cells that are tumor-antigen-specific and can be identified by KIR expression but paradoxically impair anti-tumor immunity in patients with melanoma.

Plastid translocon recycling in dinoflagellates demonstrates the portability of complex plastids between hosts.

The plastids of photosynthetic organisms on land are predominantly "primary plastids," derived from an ancient endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium. Conversely, the plastids of marine photosynthetic organisms were mostly gained through subsequent endosymbioses of photosynthetic eukaryotes generating so-called "complex plastids." The plastids of the major eukaryotic lineages-cryptophytes, haptophytes, ochrophytes, dinoflagellates, and apicomplexans-were posited to derive from a single secondary endosymbiosis of a red alga in the "chromalveloate" hypothesis.

Medical Alert Cards for patients with an anorectal malformation: a useful tool to increase awareness.

Purpose: Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are rare congenital anomalies causing altered anatomy and frequent hospitalizations. Parental awareness and clear communication are crucial in family-centered care. This study assesses the impact of patient-held ARM Medical Alert Cards on healthcare providers and caregivers.

Assessing the Manufacturability and Critical Quality Attribute Profiles of Anti-IL-8 Immunoglobulin G Mutant Variants.

Early-phase manufacturability assessment of high-concentration therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) involves screening of process-related risks impacting their translation into the clinic. Manufacturing a mAb at scale relies on cost-effective and robust approaches to derisk manufacturability parameters, such as viscosity, conformational stability, aggregation, and process-related impurities. Using a panel of model anti-IL-8 IgG1 mutants, we investigate upstream and downstream processability, phase behavior, and process-related impurities.

Safety and adherence of early oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy in a primary care setting: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Peanut allergy is a common food allergy with potentially life-threatening implications. Early oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy (P-EOIT) has been shown to be effective and safe in research and specialty clinic settings. Provision of P-EOIT in primary care would make it available to more patients.

Intimate Partner Violence, Loss of Control, and Adolescent Perception of Birth.

This secondary analysis used cross-sectional baseline data from a previous longitudinal study exploring the mental health of 303 postpartum adolescents to examine associations and predictors reflecting the perception of the birth experience among three race-ethnic groups. Analysis of two key variables, partner violence and loss of control (LOC) during labor, revealed no association. Race-ethnic differences were noted for demographic variables (marital status, birth mode, and stress level) and perception of the birth experience.

Medical Alert Cards for Pediatric Patients With Antegrade Continence Enemas to Enhance Awareness.

Introduction: The antegrade continence enema (ACE) is a surgical technique that establishes a route for colonic irrigation, necessitating a detailed comprehension of the procedural methodology, including the conduit construction, the catheters selection, and the administration of irrigation solutions. It is critical to disseminate comprehensive information regarding ACE procedures to health-care professionals and caregivers to enhance their understanding and support management of patients undergoing this intervention. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a novel educational tool designed to augment the knowledge base of physicians and caregivers regarding ACE procedures.

Factors associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in older adults with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and pre-existing autoimmune disease: A SEER-Medicare study.

Introduction: The presence of pre-existing autoimmune disease (PAD) with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) poses challenges in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). This study investigated factors influencing ICI utilization in older adults with mNSCLC and PAD.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study with a 12-month baseline prior to treatment initiation was conducted using the SEER-Medicare data.

Infusion-Related Reaction Management With Amivantamab for Exon 20 Insertion Mutation NSCLC: A Practical Guide for Advanced Practitioners.

Many targeted therapies to treat genetic mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been developed. Amivantamab (Rybrevant), a bispecific antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2021 for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC exon 20 insertions, whose disease progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Amivantamab is administered intravenously weekly for 4 weeks, then every 2 weeks starting at Week 5, as 1,050 mg (body weight [BW] < 80 kg) or 1,400 mg (BW ≥ 80 kg), with the first dose split over 2 days.

Prognostic significance of socioeconomic deprivation in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy: A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Deprivation is a complex, multifaceted concept and not synonymous with poverty. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic influence of the multiple deprivation index on emergency laparotomy (EL) outcome.

Methods: STROCSS statement standards were followed to conduct a retrospective cohort study.

Sustained dual delivery of metronidazole and viable Lactobacillus crispatus from 3D-printed silicone shells.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an imbalance of the vaginal microbiome in which there are limited lactobacilli and an overgrowth of anaerobic and fastidious bacteria such as Gardnerella. The propensity for BV recurrence is high, and therapies involving multiple treatment modalities are emerging to meet this need. However, current treatments requiring frequent therapeutic administration are challenging for patients and impact user compliance.

The mitochondrial transporter ABCB7L is essential for the biogenesis of cytosolic and nuclear iron-sulfur cluster proteins and cytosolic translation.

Unlabelled: Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are ubiquitous inorganic cofactors required for numerous essential cellular pathways. Since they cannot be scavenged from the environment, Fe-S clusters are synthesized in cellular compartments such as the apicoplast, mitochondrion, and cytosol. The cytosolic Fe-S cluster biosynthesis pathway relies on the transport of an intermediate from the mitochondrial pathway.

A First Insight into the Developability of an Immunoglobulin G3: A Combined Computational and Experimental Approach.

Immunoglobulin G 3 (IgG3) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are high-value scaffolds for developing novel therapies. Despite their wide-ranging therapeutic potential, IgG3 physicochemical properties and developability characteristics remain largely under-characterized. Protein-protein interactions elevate solution viscosity in high-concentration formulations, impacting physicochemical stability, manufacturability, and the injectability of mAbs.

Critical values for body mass index related to morbidity in high-volume low-complexity general surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI, kg/m) on outcomes of high-volume low-complexity (HVLC) general surgery procedures and to determine critical values for BMI when selecting patients into HVLC programmes.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted of studies looking at patients in different BMI categories undergoing HVLC general surgery procedures (laparoscopic cholecystectomy, inguinal hernia repair and umbilical or paraumbilical hernia repair), in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A comparison meta-analysis model was constructed to compare the outcomes using random-effects modelling.

Total synthesis, biological evaluation and biosynthetic re-evaluation of -derived neolignans.

We report the first total syntheses of simonsol F (3), simonsinol (5), fargenin (4), and macranthol (6) in addition to syntheses of simonsol C (2), simonsol G (1), and honokiol (14). The syntheses are based upon a phosphonium ylide-mediated cascade reaction and upon natural product isomerization reactions which proceed through Cope rearrangements of putative biosynthetic dienone intermediates. As a corollary of the natural product isomerization reactions, we propose an alternative biosynthesis of honokiol (14), simonsinol (5), and macranthol (6) which unites the natural products in this family under a single common precursor, chavicol (7).