Spinal TNF-α receptor 1 is differentially required for phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) over the course of motor neuron death in adult rats.

Introduction: Intrapleural injections of cholera toxin B conjugated to saporin (CTB-SAP) result in selective respiratory (, phrenic) motor neuron death and mimics aspects of motor neuron disease [(, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)], such as breathing deficits. This rodent model allows us to study the impact motor neuron death has on the output of surviving phrenic motor neurons as well as the compensatory mechanisms that are recruited. Microglial density in the phrenic motor nucleus as well as cervical gene expression of markers associated with inflammation (.

Historical cosmetic talc consumption and incidence of mesothelioma in the United States.

Jointpoint Regression Software from the National Cancer Institute was used to model age-adjusted male and female pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma rates in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) 8, SEER 12, and SEER 22 cancer registries. Linear mixed models were then used to determine if there was a statistical association between U.S.

An updated evaluation of reported no-observed adverse effect levels for chrysotile, amosite, and crocidolite asbestos for lung cancer and mesothelioma.

This analysis updates two previous analyses that evaluated the exposure-response relationships for lung cancer and mesothelioma in chrysotile-exposed cohorts. We reviewed recently published studies, as well as updated information from previous studies. Based on the 16 studies considered for chrysotile (<10% amphibole), we identified the "no-observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) for lung cancer and/or mesothelioma; it should be noted that smoking or previous or concurrent occupational exposure to amphiboles (if it existed) was not controlled for.

Beyond scale-free networks: integrating multilayer social networks with molecular clusters in the local spread of COVID-19.

This study evaluates the scale-free network assumption commonly used in COVID-19 epidemiology, using empirical social network data from SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant molecular local clusters in Houston, Texas. We constructed genome-informed social networks from contact and co-residence data, tested them for scale-free power-law distributions that imply highly connected hubs, and compared them to alternative models (exponential, log-normal, power-law with exponential cutoff, and Weibull) that suggest more evenly distributed network connections. Although the power-law model failed the goodness of fit test, after incorporating social network ties, the power-law model was at least as good as, if not better than, the alternatives, implying the presence of both hub and non-hub mechanisms in local SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Prehospital Intervention Improves Outcomes for Patients Presenting in Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Response.

Objective: To compare outcomes of patients presenting to emergency medical services (EMS) with atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response (AF-RVR) who did and did not receive prehospital advanced life support (ALS) rate or rhythm control intervention(s).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the 2021 ESO Data Collaborative (Austin, TX) dataset. We identified 9-1-1 scene responses for patients aged 16 to 100 years old presenting with AF and an initial heart rate ≥ 110 beats per minute (bpm).

Occupational exposure to cosmetic talc and mesothelioma in barbers, hairdressers, and cosmetologists: A systematic review of the epidemiology.

Inhalation exposure to cosmetic talc has generated much scientific debate regarding its potential as a risk factor for mesothelioma, a rare, but fatal cancer. Barbers, hairdressers, and cosmetologists have regularly used cosmetic talc-containing products, but the collective epidemiological evidence for mesothelioma in these occupations has yet to be described. As such, we conducted a systematic review of PubMed and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) Numbered Publications list to identify original epidemiological literature reporting measures of association between these occupations and incidence of or death from mesothelioma.

Palliative Care Education in US Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Programs: Current Practices, Perceived Needs, and Barriers.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) clinicians commonly care for patients with serious illness/injury and would benefit from primary palliative care (PC) training. To assess current practices, attitudes, and barriers toward PC education among U.S.

Group 13 salphen compounds (In, Ga and Al): a comparison of their structural features and activities as catalysts for cyclic carbonate synthesis.

Many complexes based on group 13 elements have been successfully applied as catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO and to date these have provided some of the most active catalysts developed. It is notable that most reports have focused on the use of aluminium-based compounds likely because of the well-established Lewis acidity of this element and its cost. In comparison, relatively little attention has been paid to the development of catalysts based on the heavier group 13 elements, despite their known Lewis acidic properties.

Monitored and Modeled Ambient Air Concentrations of Ethylene Oxide: Contextualizing Health Risk for Potentially Exposed Populations in Georgia.

Unlabelled: Recent studies have monitored and modeled long-term ambient air concentrations of ethylene oxide (EO) around emitting facilities in Georgia with the intent of informing risk management of potentially exposed nearby residential populations. Providing health context for these data is challenging because the U.S.

Drastic Effect of Sequential Deposition Resulting from Flux Directionality on the Luminescence Efficiency of Nanowire Shells.

Core-shell nanowire heterostructures form the basis for many innovative devices. When compound nanowire shells are grown by directional deposition techniques, the azimuthal position of the sources for the different constituents in the growth reactor, substrate rotation, and nanowire self-shadowing inevitably lead to sequential deposition. Here, we uncover for InGaAs/GaAs shell quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy a drastic impact of this sequentiality on the luminescence efficiency.

Smooth and safe tram journeys: tram driver perspectives and opportunities using a haptic master controller in a virtual reality environment.

Tram drivers operate a master controller to control the acceleration and braking of the tram. Operation should ensure passenger comfort and safety through smooth tram motion and the avoidance of jerkiness that may cause passengers to fall in the carriage. This work investigates current driver practices and strategies for tram driving in normal operations through interviews and the capacity of a new haptic master controller to support drivers in achieving smooth and safe tram journeys.

Super-Resolution Photothermal Patterning in Conductive Polymers Enabled by Thermally Activated Solubility.

Doping-induced solubility control (DISC) patterning is a recently developed technique that uses the change in polymer solubility upon doping, along with an optical dedoping process, to achieve high-resolution optical patterning. DISC patterning can produce features smaller than predicted by the diffraction limit; however, no mechanism has been proposed to explain such high resolution. Here, we use diffraction to spatially modulate the light intensity and determine the dissolution rate, revealing a superlinear dependence on light intensity.

Transition from elastic to plastic strain release in core-shell nanowires revealed by in-plane x-ray diffraction.

We investigate the strain evolution and relaxation process as function of increasing lattice mismatch between the GaAs core and surrounding In Ga As shell in core-shell nanowire heterostructures grown on Si(111) substrates. The dimensions of the core and shell are kept constant whereas the indium concentration inside the shell is varied. Measuring the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in-plane Bragg reflections normal to the nanowire side edges and side facets, we observe a transition from elastic to plastic strain release for a shell indium content x > 0.

Airborne concentrations of chrysotile asbestos during operation of industrial crane controls and maintenance of associated arc chutes.

Some industrial crane control panels were historically equipped with chrysotile-containing arc chutes. Because of the paucity of data regarding potential exposure from such equipment, we used a simulation approach to quantify the release of chrysotile from arc chutes in two functional 1970s-era industrial crane control panels during operation and maintenance. Two experienced operators separately simulated operation of crane controls under load; one of these operators then simulated two arc chute maintenance protocols: sanding (protocol 1) and scraping, sanding, and blowing (protocol 2).

Ethylene Oxide Exposure in U.S. Populations Residing Near Sterilization and Other Industrial Facilities: Context Based on Endogenous and Total Equivalent Concentration Exposures.

Given ubiquitous human exposure to ethylene oxide (EO), regardless of occupation or geography, the current risk-specific concentrations (RSCs: 0.0001-0.01 ppb) from the U.

Demography of the Intertidal Fucoid Hormosira banksii: Importance of Recruitment to Local Abundance.

Canopy-forming macroalgae form the basis of diverse coastal ecosystems globally. The fucoid Hormosira banksii is often the dominant canopy-forming macroalga in the temperate intertidal of southern Australia and New Zealand, where it is commonly associated with an understory of coralline turf. Hormosira banksii is susceptible to both natural and anthropogenic disturbance and despite its abundance, few studies have examined the demography of this important species.

X-ray diffraction reveals the amount of strain and homogeneity of extremely bent single nanowires.

Core-shell nanowires (NWs) with asymmetric shells allow for strain engineering of NW properties because of the bending resulting from the lattice mismatch between core and shell material. The bending of NWs can be readily observed by electron microscopy. Using X-ray diffraction analysis with a micro- and nano-focused beam, the bending radii found by the microscopic investigations are confirmed and the strain in the NW core is analyzed.

Hand-to-mouth and other hand-to-face touching behavior in a quasi-naturalistic study under controlled conditions.

Data gaps exist in our understanding of hand-to-mouth touching behavior among adults, despite its relevance for accurately characterizing inadvertent ingestion exposures to chemical and pathogenic microbial agents and consequent associated health risks. The present study describes detailed observations of the frequency and nature of hand-to-mouth and other hand-to-face touching behavior among 14 male and female volunteers in a controlled, quasi-naturalistic setting. Participants performed four 15-min tasks: 1) installation of a brass object as part of a short home improvement project, 2) completion of a pen-and-paper survey, 3) engagement in a telephone conversation, and 4) use of headphones to listen to music.

Association of personal exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields with pregnancy outcomes among women seeking fertility treatment in a longitudinal cohort study.

Objective: To assess for the first time the potential relationships of personal exposure to magnetic fields (MF) with pregnancy outcomes among a cohort of women from a fertility clinic, addressing, through study design, some of the primary limitations of previous studies on this topic.

Design: Longitudinal preconception prospective cohort.

Setting: Fertility center.

Development of a novel method for estimating dermal contact with hand-applied cleaning solutions.

Quantitatively characterizing dermal exposure for workers and consumers performing tasks with hand-applied cleaning solution is complex as many of the assessment variables are scenario specific. One of the key variables necessary for quantitatively estimating dermal exposure is the surface area of the hand contacted by the cleaning solution. However, no relevant data or methods are available in the literature.

Stability of Differences in Weight-Related Characteristics of Mothers across Economic, Cultural, Social, and Environmental-Health Indicators of Socioeconomic Status.

This study explored the differences in weight-related characteristics when socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed by economic, cultural, social, and environmental-health capital individually and as a composite with the goal of determining the stability of differences across types of capital and to ascertain whether single or a combination of capital indicators of SES should be used in nutrition and public health studies. Mothers (n = 557) of young children completed a survey assessing capital and weight-related characteristics. Mothers with higher economic, cultural, and social capital and composite SES had fewer sugar-sweetened beverage servings, fewer meals in front of the TV, more food security, and greater neighborhood space/supports for physical activity than comparators.

Production of Metal-Free Diamond Nanoparticles.

In this paper, the controlled production of high-quality metal-free diamond nanoparticles is demonstrated. Milling with tempered steel is shown to leave behind iron oxide contamination which is difficult to remove. Milling with SiN alleviates this issue but generates more nondiamond carbon.

Axial GaAs/Ga(As, Bi) nanowire heterostructures.

Bi-containing III-V semiconductors constitute an exciting class of metastable compounds with wide-ranging potential optoelectronic and electronic applications. However, the growth of III-V-Bi alloys requires group-III-rich growth conditions, which pose severe challenges for planar growth. In this work, we exploit the naturally-Ga-rich environment present inside the metallic droplet of a self-catalyzed GaAs nanowire (NW) to synthesize metastable GaAs/GaAs Bi axial NW heterostructures with high Bi contents.