Nanofibrous materials generated through electrospinning have gained significant attention in tissue regeneration, particularly in the domain of bone reconstruction. There is high interest in designing a material resembling bone tissue, and many scientists are trying to create materials applicable to bone tissue engineering with piezoelectricity similar to bone. One of the prospective candidates is highly piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), which was used for fibrous scaffold formation by electrospinning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSubcutaneous adipose tissue is an excellent source of mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), which can be used in cell therapies as an active substance in advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs). Because of the short shelf-life of ATMPs and the time needed to obtain the results of microbiological analysis, the final product is often administered to the patient before sterility is confirmed. Because the tissue used for cell isolation is not sterilized to maintain cell viability, controlling and ensuring microbiological purity at all stages of production is crucial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough encouraging results of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) use in wound healing are available, the mechanism of action has been studied mainly in vitro and in animals. This work aimed to examine the safety and efficacy of allogenic ADSCs in human diabetic foot ulcer treatment, in combination with the analyses of the wound. Equal groups of 23 participants each received fibrin gel with ADSCs or fibrin gel alone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Biobanking is an area of scientific activity that is growing in strength and importance. The variety of collections combining biological samples and medical scientific information makes biobanking an indispensable tool in the development of modern medicine. In 2016, Poland, a country with one of the largest populations in Europe, joined the Biobanking and BioMolecular resources Research Infrastructure-European Research Infrastructure Consortium (BBMRI-ERIC) to facilitate access to quality-defined human disease-relevant biological resources.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe successful implementation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in bone regeneration depends on efficient osteogenic differentiation. However, a literature survey and our own experience demonstrated that current differentiation methods are not effective enough. Since the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts and adipocytes can be regulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling, we investigated the effects of cAMP activator, forskolin, and inhibitor, SQ 22,536, on the early and late osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs cultured in spheroids or in a monolayer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpansion and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro are routinely performed in two-dimensional (2D) environments. The study hypothesis was that the utilisation of three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions, mimicking the natural stem cell niche, might increase the osteogenic commitment of ADSCs. Therefore, human ADSCs were seeded in 3D culture systems lacking bioactive material components: spheroids and polystyrene scaffolds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNowadays successful regeneration of damaged bone tissue is a major problem of the reconstructive medicine and tissue engineering. Recently a great deal of attention has been focused on calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) as the effective bone fillers. Despite a number of studies regarding CPCs, only a few compare the physicochemical and biological properties of α-TCP based materials of various phase compositions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInjectable composites for tissue regeneration can be developed by dispersion of inorganic microparticles and cells in a hydrogel phase. In this study, multifunctional carbonate microparticles containing different amounts of calcium, magnesium and zinc were mixed with solutions of gellan gum (GG), an anionic polysaccharide, to form injectable hydrogel-microparticle composites, containing Zn, Ca and Mg. Zn and Ca were incorporated into microparticle preparations to a greater extent than Mg.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe capacity of bone grafts to repair critical size defects can be greatly enhanced by the delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Adipose tissue is considered the most effective source of MSCs (ADSCs); however, the efficiency of bone regeneration using undifferentiated ADSCs is low. Therefore, this study proposes scaffolds based on polycaprolactone (PCL), which is widely considered a suitable MSC delivery system, were used as a three-dimensional (3D) culture environment promoting osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough a wide variety of biomaterials have been already proposed for use in bone tissue engineering, there is still need for man-made materials, which would combine support for osteogenesis with simplicity desirable for upscaling and costs reduction. In this study we have shown that synthetic calcite may serve as a scaffold for human osteoblasts transplantation. A simple dynamic system allows uniform and effective cell distribution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCalcium phosphate cements (CPC) are valuable bone fillers. Recently they have been also considered as the basis for drug-, growth factors- or cells-delivery systems. Broad possibilities to manipulate CPC composition provide a unique opportunity to obtain materials with a wide range of physicochemical properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the hereby presented work the authors describe a technique of high-compression-resistant biodegradable bone scaffold preparation. The methodology is based on the agglomeration of chitosan (CH) and chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (CH/TCP) microspheres and represents a novel approach to 3D matrices design for bone tissue engineering application. The materials were prepared from high deacetylation degree chitosan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Calcium phosphate ceramics have been widely considered as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Selection of the best support for cultured cells, crucial for tissue engineered systems, is still required.
Objective: We examined three types of calcium phosphate compounds: α-tricalcium phosphate - the most soluble one, carbonate hydroxyapatite - chemically the most similar to the bone mineral and biphasic calcium phosphate - with the best in vivo biocompatibility in order to select the best support for osteoblastic cells for tissue engineered systems.
It is expected that use of adult multipotential mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone tissue engineering (TE) will lead to improvement of TE products. Prior to clinical application, biocompatibility of bone TE products need to be tested in vitro and in vivo. In orthopedic research, sheep are a well-accepted model due to similarities with humans and are assumed to be predictive of human outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDespite the great enthusiasm about tissue engineering during the 1980s and the many significant basic observations made since then, the clinical application of tissue-engineered products has been limited. However, the prospect of creating new human tissues and organs is still exciting and continues to be a significant challenge for scientists and clinicians. A human arm is an extremely complicated biological construction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA microwave, solvothermal synthesis of highly biocompatible hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanopowder was developed. The process was conducted in a microwave radiation field having a high energy density of 5 W/mL and over a time less than 2 minutes. The sample measurements included: powder X-ray diffraction, density, specific surface area, and chemical composition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCreating a functional vascularized bone tissue remains one of the main goals of bone tissue engineering. Recently, a growing interest in the crosstalk between endothelial cells (EC) and osteoblasts (OB), the two main players in a new bone formation, has been observed. However, only a few reports have addressed a mutual influence of OB and EC on cell proliferation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGamma irradiated synthetic hydroxyapatite, bone substituting materials NanoBone(®) and HA Biocer were examined using EPR spectroscopy and compared with powdered human compact bone. In every case, radiation-induced carbon centered radicals were recorded, but their molecular structures and concentrations differed. In compact bone and synthetic hydroxyapatite the main signal assigned to the CO(2) (-) anion radical was stable, whereas the signal due to the CO(3) (3-) radical dominated in NanoBone(®) and HA Biocer just after irradiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTissue formation and maintenance is regulated by various factors, including biological, physiological and physical signals transmitted between cells as well as originating from cell-substrate interactions. In our study, the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells isolated from umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (UC-MSCs) was investigated in relation to the substrate rigidity on polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAM). Osteogenic differentiation of UC-MSCs was enhanced on stiff substrate compared to soft substrates, illustrating that the mechanical environment can play a role in differentiation of this type of cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt was only in December 2008 that the European Union regulated the approval procedure for tissue engineered products (TEPs). Due to this regulation, TEP is classified as an advanced therapy medicinal product and as such may be recognized as a tool in pharmaceutical biotechnology. This paper gives a short review of the concept, the experimental evaluation and the clinical potency of tissue engineering (TE), with a particular focus on bone tissue engineered products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study was performed to verify the response of human bone-derived cells (HBDCs) to moisture-cured silicone-urethanes (mcSUUs) in vitro, as the first step toward using them as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Good surgical handling, tissue cavity filling, stable mechanical properties, and potentially improved oxygen supply to cells after implantation justify the investigation of these nondegradable elastomers. A set of various mcSUUs were obtained by moisture-curing NCO-terminated prepolymers, synthesized from oligomeric siloxane diols of two different oligosiloxane chain lengths, and two different diisocyanates (MDI and IPDI), using two different NCO/OH molar ratios.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiodegradable polyurethanes (PURs) have recently been investigated as candidate materials for bone regenerative medicine. There are promising reports documenting the biocompatibility of selected PURs in vivo and the tolerance of certain cells toward PURs in vitro - potentially to be used as scaffolds for tissue-engineered products (TEPs). The aim of the present study was to take a step forward and create a TEP using human osteogenic cells and a polyurethane scaffold, and to evaluate the quality of the obtained TEP in vivo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolyurethanes containing 22-70 wt.% hard segments were developed and evaluated for bone tissue engineering applications. Aliphatic poly(ester-urethanes) were synthesised from poly(epsilon-caprolactone) diol with different molecular masses (M= approximately 530, 1250 and 2000 Da), cycloaliphatic diisocyanate 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) and ethylene glycol as a chain extender.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Mater Sci Mater Med
September 2008
This paper deals with the surface modification of titanium by sodium-ion implantation and with the effect of this modification on structure, corrosion resistance, bioactivity and cytocompatibility. The Na ions were implanted with doses of 1 x 10(17) and 4 x 10(17) ions/cm(2) at an energy of 25 keV. The chemical composition of the surface layers formed during the implantation was examined by secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and their microstructure--by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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