Opioid Use After Colorectal Resection: Identifying Preoperative Risk Factors for Postoperative Use.

Introduction: Appropriate prescribing practices are imperative to ensure adequate pain control, without excess opioid dispensing across colorectal patients.

Methods: National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, Kentucky All Scheduled Prescription Electronic Reporting, and patient charts were queried to complete a retrospective study of elective colorectal resections, performed by a fellowship-trained colorectal surgeon, from January 2013 to December 2020. Opioid use at 14 d and 30 d posthospital discharge converted into morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) were analyzed and compared across preadmission and inpatient factors.

Optical genome mapping in acute myeloid leukemia: a multicenter evaluation.

Detection of hallmark genomic aberrations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is essential for diagnostic subtyping, prognosis, and patient management. However, cytogenetic/cytogenomic techniques used to identify those aberrations, such as karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), or chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), are limited by the need for skilled personnel as well as significant time, cost, and labor. Optical genome mapping (OGM) provides a single, cost-effective assay with a significantly higher resolution than karyotyping and with a comprehensive genome-wide analysis comparable with CMA and the added unique ability to detect balanced structural variants (SVs).

Food Intake Compared to Exercise Association with Obesity in Children Ages 3-6.

METHODS: RESULTS: DISCUSSION:

COVID-19 Vaccination reduced pneumonia severity.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of vaccinations and boosters on the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia on CT scans during the period of Delta and Omicron variants.

Methods: Retrospectively studied were 303 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between July 2021 and February 2022, who had obtained at least one CT scan within 6 weeks around the COVID-19 diagnosis (-2 to +4 weeks). The severity of pneumonia was evaluated with a 6-point scale Pneumonia Score.

Completion Lymph Node Dissection for Melanoma Before and After the Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial-II in the United States.

Background: The Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial-II (MSLT-II) revealed completion lymph node dissection (CLND) after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) did not improve melanoma-specific survival compared with surveillance. Given these findings and the morbidity associated with CLND, this study investigated trends in rates and predictors of CLND after MSLT-II.

Methods: Analysis of the National Cancer Database was performed for all patients aged ≥18 years with melanoma and a positive SLNB for 2012-2019.

Genomic Disorders in CKD across the Lifespan.

Significance Statement: Pathogenic structural genetic variants, also known as genomic disorders, have been associated with pediatric CKD. This study extends those results across the lifespan, with genomic disorders enriched in both pediatric and adult patients compared with controls. In the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study, genomic disorders were also associated with lower serum Mg, lower educational performance, and a higher risk of death.

Pediatric Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Rare Malignancies with Incredible Variability.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) encompass a variety of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) which can arise anywhere in the body. While relatively rare in the pediatric population, the incidence of NENs has increased in the past few decades. These neoplasms can be devastating if not diagnosed and treated early, however, symptoms are variable and can be indolent for many years.

Management of double carotid blowout with definitive repair after temporizing stent graft placement.

Carotid blowout syndrome is a life-threatening complication for patients with head and neck cancer. Temporizing stent graft procedures improve short-term survival and can be the definitive treatment for various reasons, including a poor oncologic prognosis, unsuitability for definitive reconstruction, or a lack of operative options. A second carotid blowout will often be fatal.

Mouse phospholipid phosphatase 6 regulates dendritic cell cholesterol, macropinocytosis, and allergen sensitization.

Lipid phosphate phosphatases are a family of enzymes with diverse cellular metabolic functions. Phospholipid phosphatase 6 (PLPP6) is a regulator of cellular polyisoprenyl phosphates; however, its functions remain to be determined. Here, mouse PLPP6 was characterized to possess similar catalytic properties as the human enzyme.

Clock-Drawing Test as a Screening Tool for Cognitive Impairment Associated With Fecal Immunochemical Test Collection Errors.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to determine if (1) certain demographic characteristics (potential predictors) of participants, and (2) clock-drawing test results (as a screening test for cognitive impairment) were associated with fecal immunochemical test (FIT) sample collection errors.

Methods: Patients scheduled for an upcoming colonoscopy were asked to collect stool samples using 5 different FITs. Patients completed a questionnaire that included the clock-drawing test.

Abdominal Tumors: Wilms, Neuroblastoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, and Hepatoblastoma.

Pediatric cancer patients have improved outcomes over the past several decades leading to a greater number of survivors living well into adulthood. Owing to their increased longevity, adult care providers are encountering childhood cancer survivors with greater frequency in their clinics and hospitals. Childhood cancer treatments are associated with varied and significant systemic complications that either persist or develop well into adulthood, including secondary malignancies, cardiomyopathies, and adhesive disease that can complicate even the simplest operation.

Inotropes, vasopressors, and mechanical circulatory support for treatment of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Purpose: To compare the relative efficacy of supportive therapies (inotropes, vasopressors, and mechanical circulatory support [MCS]) for adult patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction.

Source: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis and searched six databases from inception to December 2021 for randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We evaluated inotropes, vasopressors, and MCS in separate networks.

Skeletal Muscle Adiposity and Lung Function Trajectory in the Severe Asthma Research Program.

Extrapulmonary manifestations of asthma, including fatty infiltration in tissues, may reflect systemic inflammation and influence lung function and disease severity. To determine if skeletal muscle adiposity predicts lung function trajectory in asthma. Adult SARP III (Severe Asthma Research Program III) participants with baseline computed tomography imaging and longitudinal postbronchodilator FEV% predicted (median follow-up 5 years [1,132 person-years]) were evaluated.

One-Year Mental and Physical Health Assessment in Survivors after Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19-related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Long-term outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are unknown. To assess physical examination, pulmonary function tests, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and quality of life at 6 and 12 months after ECMO onset. Multicenter, prospective study in patients who received ECMO for COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome from March to June 2020 and survived hospital discharge.

Oral healthcare disparities in Canada: filling in the gaps.

As a key component of overall health and quality of life, oral health is recognized by public health organizations globally as a basic human right. Dentists are oral health experts involved in the primary prevention of oral injury and the detection and management of oral diseases. As regulated healthcare professionals, dentists identify and treat dental caries, gum disease, oral cancers, and edentulism, among other conditions.

Urinary total conjugated 3-bromotyrosine, asthma severity, and exacerbation risk.

Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by eosinophil recruitment, eosinophil peroxidase release, and protein oxidation through bromination, which following tissue remodeling results in excretion of 3-bromotyrosine. Predicting exacerbations and reducing their frequency is critical for the treatment of severe asthma. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether urinary total conjugated bromotyrosine can discriminate asthma severity and predict asthma exacerbations.

Low CC16 mRNA Expression Levels in Bronchial Epithelial Cells Are Associated with Asthma Severity.

CC16 is a protein mainly produced by nonciliated bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) that participates in host defense. Reduced CC16 protein concentrations in BAL and serum are associated with asthma susceptibility. Few studies have investigated the relationship between CC16 and asthma progression, and none has focused on BECs.

Definitive Chemoradiation and Durvalumab Consolidation for Locally Advanced, Unresectable KRAS-mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Consolidation durvalumab immunotherapy following definitive chemoradiation (CRT) for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) improves overall survival. As therapeutic options for patients with KRAS-driven disease evolve, more understanding regarding genomic determinants of response and patterns of progression for durvalumab consolidation is needed to optimize outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a single-institutional retrospective analysis of real-world patients with locally advanced, unresectable NSCLC who completed CRT and received durvalumab consolidation.

Perceptions of Ontario health system leaders on single-entry models for managing the COVID-19 elective surgery backlog: an interpretive descriptive study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated pre-existing challenges with respect to access to elective surgery across Canada, and a single-entry model (SEM) approach has been proposed as an equitable and efficient method to help manage the backlog. With Ontario's recent investment in centralized surgical wait-list management, we sought to understand the views of health system leaders on the role of SEMs in managing the elective surgery backlog.

Methods: We used the qualitative method of interpretive description to explore participant perspectives and identify practical strategies for policy-makers, administrators and clinical leaders.