Factors governing formation from methyl halogens and pseudohalogens.

The formation of following the double ionization of small organic compounds via a roaming mechanism, which involves the generation of H and subsequent proton abstraction, has recently garnered significant attention. Nonetheless, a cohesive model explaining trends in the yield of characterizing these unimolecular reactions is yet to be established. We report yield and femtosecond time-resolved measurements following the strong-field double ionization of CHX molecules, where X = OD, Cl, NCS, CN, SCN, and I.

Revision Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: Worse Than a Primary, But Better Than a Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Revision of a unicompartmental to a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is often compared to primary TKA with regard to its technical difficulty and complication rates. We sought to compare medical and surgical complications following revision unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to those following primary TKA and aseptic revision TKA.

Methods: A national administrative claims database was queried for patients undergoing revision UKA between 2010 and 2019.

A self-guided e-learning program improves metamemory outcomes in healthy older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Aging brings memory changes that can be concerning for some older adults. Whereas in-person memory interventions can positively impact knowledge, mental health, and behavioural outcomes, self-guided e-learning programs may offer scalable and accessible alternatives to in-person programming. The current study aimed to evaluate efficacy of an e-learning program compared to no treatment.

Comorbidities in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Patients: When Is It Okay to Say No?

Preoperative optimization of modifiable risk factors for total hip and knee arthroplasty remains a foundational cornerstone in reducing postoperative complications and enhancing patient outcomes. With an increasing prevalence of high-risk comorbidities among total joint arthroplasty patients with morbid obesity (body mass index ≥40 kg/m2), uncontrolled diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 7.5%), and active smoking and tobacco use, many joint arthroplasty surgeons face complex ethical decisions when surgical intervention poses a higher risk for potential harm.

TET2 regulates early and late transitions in exhausted CD8 T cell differentiation and limits CAR T cell function.

CD8 T cell exhaustion hampers control of cancer and chronic infections and limits chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell efficacy. Targeting in CAR T cells provides therapeutic benefit; however, TET2's role in exhausted T cell (T) development is unclear. In chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, TET2 drove conversion from stem cell-like T progenitors toward terminally differentiated and effector (T)-like T.

Is Wear Still a Concern in Total Knee Arthroplasty With Contemporary Conventional and Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene Tibial Inserts in the mid- to Long-Term?

Background: Modern literature has brought into question if wear of tibial inserts made from conventional or highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXL PE) is still a factor limiting longevity of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the mid- to long-term. It is the objective of this study to determine: 1) most common causes of mid- to long-term TKA failure, 2) the prevalence of delamination, and 3) the medial/lateral linear wear rates of conventional and HXL PE tibial inserts retrieved in the mid- to long-term.

Methods: A tibial insert retrieval cohort of 107 inserts (79 conventional, 28 HXL PE) with a minimum time in situ of 6.

Pulmonary gas exchange in relation to exercise pulmonary hypertension in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Background: Exercise pulmonary hypertension (ePH), defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP)/cardiac output (Qc) slope >3 WU during exercise, is common in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the pulmonary gas exchange-related effects of an exaggerated ePH (EePH) response are not well-defined, especially in relation to dyspnea on exertion (DOE) and exercise intolerance.

Methods: 48 HFpEF patients underwent invasive (pulmonary and radial artery catheters) constant-load (20W) and maximal incremental cycle testing.

Reference Sequence Browser: An R application with a user-friendly GUI to rapidly query sequence databases.

Land managers, researchers, and regulators increasingly utilize environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques to monitor species richness, presence, and absence. In order to properly develop a biological assay for eDNA metabarcoding or quantitative PCR, scientists must be able to find not only reference sequences (previously identified sequences in a genomics database) that match their target taxa but also reference sequences that match non-target taxa. Determining which taxa have publicly available sequences in a time-efficient and accurate manner currently requires computational skills to search, manipulate, and parse multiple unconnected DNA sequence databases.

ParthenoGenius: A user-friendly heuristic for inferring presence and mechanism of facultative parthenogenesis from genetic and genomic datasets.

Facultative parthenogenesis (FP), or asexual reproduction by sexually reproducing female animals, has been reported across several clades of vertebrates and is increasingly being recognized as a reproductive mechanism with significant implications for the genetic variation of captive and wild populations. The definitive identification of parthenogens requires molecular confirmation, with large genomic datasets necessary to accurately parse the parthenogenetic mechanism (i.e.

Strategy, Morality, Courage: Bioethics and Health Law after .

Our paper examines what is required to protect and promote effective public discussion and policy development in the current climate of divisive disagreement about many public policy questions. We use abortion as a case example precisely because it is morally fraught. We first consider the changes made by , as well as those which led up to the decision, accompany it, and follow from it.

The Impact of Travel Distance on Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Total hip arthroplasties (THAs) are increasingly being performed at high-volume centers, causing some patients to travel further distances to receive care. Concerns remain that increased travel distance limits follow-up, which may impact outcomes and early return to the hospital. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of travel distance on 90-day patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and 90-day complication rates.

Resonance Effects from Substituents on L-Type Ligands Mediate Synthetic Control of Gold Nanocluster Frontier Orbital Energies.

The ligands of metal nanoclusters can be used to control their properties and reactivity, but a framework guiding their use remains elusive. Hammett studies of Au(PPh) and Au(PPh) nanoclusters with and -methyl and -methoxy groups indicate that resonance effects, not inductive effects, yield quantitative shifts of the HOMO-LUMO transitions involving orbitals local to the cluster core. Individual ligand exchanges reveal that these shifts are caused by only four of seven ligands, inconsistent with inductive effects.

Facultative Parthenogenesis in a Zoo-Held Northern Water Snake, Nerodia sipedon.

Over the past several decades, facultative parthenogenesis (FP)-the ability of a sexually reproducing species to reproduce asexually-in vertebrates has been removed from the realm of obscurity and placed firmly in a position where it warrants focused scientific attention. Likely fueled by increased recognition of the trait, the availability of molecular tools capable of disentangling FP from long-term sperm storage, and the availability of potential cases originating from both zoological and private collections, a wealth of papers has been published revealing the diversity of vertebrate systems in which FP occurs. Specifically, cases have been reported in squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes), crocodiles, birds, and elasmobranch fishes (sharks, rays, and skates).

Plasticity of the heart in response to changes in physical activity.

The human heart is very adaptable, with chamber size, wall thickness and ventricular stiffness all modified by periods of inactivity or exercise training. Herein, we summarize the cardiac adaptations induced by changes in physical activity, ranging from bed rest and spaceflight to endurance exercise training, while also highlighting how the ageing process (a long-term model of inactivity) affects cardiac plasticity. Severe inactivity during bed rest or spaceflight leads to cardiac atrophy and ventriculo-vascular stiffening.