Biology-inspired dynamic microphysiological system approaches to revolutionize basic research, healthcare and animal welfare.

The regular workshops held by the Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) on biology-inspired microphysiological systems (MPS) taking place every four years, have become a reliable measure to assess fundamental scientific, industrial and regulatory trends for translational science in the MPS-field from a bird's eye view. The 2023 workshop participants at that time concluded that the technology as used within academia has matured significantly, underlined by the broad use of MPS and the steadily increasing number of high quality research publications - yet, broad industry adoption of MPS has been slow, despite strong interest. Academic research using MPS primarily aims to accurately recapitulate human biology in MPS-based organ models in areas where traditional models have been lacking key elements of human physiology, thereby enabling breakthrough discoveries for life sciences.

Longitudinal single-cell profiles of lung regeneration after viral infection reveal persistent injury-associated cell states.

Functional regeneration of the lung's gas exchange surface following injury requires the coordination of a complex series of cell behaviors within the alveolar niche. Using single-cell transcriptomics combined with lineage tracing of proliferating progenitors, we examined mouse lung regeneration after influenza injury, demonstrating an asynchronously phased response across different cellular compartments. This longitudinal atlas of injury responses has produced a catalog of transient and persistent transcriptional alterations in cells as they transit across axes of differentiation.

Optimizing axial inclination with clear aligner orthodontic treatment to address recession defects: a case series.

Proper alignment of the teeth not only aids in functional occlusion but also promotes harmonious gingival contours, potentially reducing the risk of inflammation and gingival recession. This case series aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of optimizing axial inclination through clear aligner orthodontic treatment in addressing gingival recession defects. This case series included nine patients, aged 20-36 years, who presented with varying degrees of gingival recession on 12 mandibular incisors.

Biopolymeric Inhalable Dry Powders for Pulmonary Drug Delivery.

Natural and synthetic biopolymers are gaining popularity in the development of inhaled drug formulations. Their highly tunable properties and ability to sustain drug release allow for the incorporation of attributes not achieved in dry powder inhaler formulations composed only of micronized drugs, standard excipients, and/or carriers. There are multiple physiological barriers to the penetration of inhaled drugs to the epithelial surface, such as the periciliary layer mucus mesh, pulmonary macrophages, and inflammation and mucus compositional changes resulting from respiratory diseases.

A cost-reducing reimbursement programme? Effects of value-based reimbursement on healthcare costs.

Value-based reimbursement programmes have become increasingly common in attempts to bend the cost curve of healthcare without negative effects on quality. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of introducing a value-based reimbursement programme on the cost to third-party payer. We performed a retrospective observational study with a before and after design based on the introduction of a value-based reimbursement programme in Sweden.

Managing Adverse Skin Reactions Associated With Central Line Dressings in Children: A Survey of Dermatologists.

Central line dressings (CLDs) may be associated with adverse skin reactions in hospitalized children. Currently, standardized protocols to guide the management of cutaneous CLD reactions are unavailable at our children's hospital and in the pediatric literature. We surveyed dermatologists at multiple institutions who routinely perform pediatric consults to assess their management practices and/or the use of standardized protocols for addressing adverse cutaneous reactions to CLDs.

Enhancing, Targeting, and Improving Dental Trauma Education: Engaging Generations Y and Z.

Dental trauma is highly prevalent, involving 25% of school-age children and about 12.5% of the general population of the world. Due to the young age of the patients that are usually involved in dental trauma, there are tooth-related complicating factors, such as open apices, thin dentinal walls, and unfavorable crown-to-root ratio, as well as patient-related factors, such as anxiety and cooperation, and other challenges related to the complex diagnosis and treatment.

In Silico Modeling of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Disulfide Bond Reduction by Phosphine-Borane Complexes.

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases can cause vision loss by damaging retinal ganglion cells in the optic nerve. Novel phosphine-borane compounds (PBs) can protect these cells from oxidative stress via the reduction of disulfide bonds. However, the specific targets of these compounds are unknown.

Cold Intolerance Following Digital Nerve Injury: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Comparison of Decellularized Nerve Allograft Versus Nerve Conduits.

Background: Cold intolerance following digital nerve injury burdens patients significantly. To better understand how cold intolerance evolves in the setting of digital nerve injuries, a sub-analysis of a trial comparing conduit-based (CONDUIT) and processed nerve allograft (PNA) repairs was conducted. It was hypothesized that PNA repairs would alleviate cold intolerance more effectively, especially for longer nerve gaps.

Prolonged remission after cyclophosphamide or tacrolimus treatment in childhood nephrotic syndrome: a cohort study.

Background: Steroid-sparing immunosuppression is used in 50% of children with nephrotic syndrome, to prevent relapses and steroid-related toxicity. However, rates and predictors of prolonged remission after cyclophosphamide and tacrolimus are uncertain.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of children (1-18 years) enrolled in a longitudinal cohort.

The Influence of Patient-, Site-, and Implant-Related Factors on Marginal Bone Levels of Dental Implants in a Rural Population in China: A Retrospective Study.

Objectives: Limited research is available on implant treatment outcomes in rural populations. This may be due to the presence of various barriers, such as access to oral health care, resources, health literacy, and education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of patient-, site-, and implant-related factors on marginal bone levels of dental implants in a rural population in China.

Patient Experience and Expectations in Oral Health Care: A Nation-Wide Survey.

Aim: This research was conducted to understand patients' dental visit habits and behaviours and to identify factors contributing to a positive patient experience at the dental office in Canada METHODS: An online survey was distributed to members of a market research panel in the United States. Qualifying panellists were 25 years of age or older who visited a dentist in the past year. Survey questions were related to frequency of dental visits, patient satisfaction with the dental office, importance of dental office attributes and dental product recommendation expectations.

Deep-ocean macrofaunal assemblages on ferromanganese and phosphorite-rich substrates in the Southern California Borderland.

Mineral-rich hardgrounds, such as ferromanganese (FeMn) crusts and phosphorites, occur on seamounts and continental margins, gaining attention for their resource potential due to their enrichment in valuable metals in some regions. This study focuses on the Southern California Borderland (SCB), an area characterized by uneven and heterogeneous topography featuring FeMn crusts, phosphorites, basalt, and sedimentary rocks that occur at varying depths and are exposed to a range of oxygen concentrations. Due to its heterogeneity, this region serves as an optimal setting for investigating the relationship between mineral-rich hardgrounds and benthic fauna.

Evaluation of Two Anorganic Bovine Xenogenous Grafts in Bone Healing of Critical Defect in Rats Calvaria.

The purpose of this study was to provide an evaluation of two different xenogeneic bone substitutes in bone healing of critical-sized bone defects (Ø =5mm) created in rats calvaria. Thirty animals were randomized into 3 groups with one of the following treatments. In the control group (n=10), the defects were filled with blood clots; BO group (n=10), the defects were filled with bovine medullary bone substitute (Bio-Oss®); BF group (n=10), the defects were filled with bovine cortical bone substitute (Bonefill®).

Insights into turbulent airflow structures in blind headings under different ventilation duct distances.

The paper explores the 3D stationary vortex structure of turbulent airflow near the dead-end face of a blind heading, ventilated via a forcing ventilation system. Despite its significance in blind heading ventilation, previous studies primarily focused on temporal dynamics of harmful impurities, overlooking flow structure details crucial for mass transfer processes. Our study delves into the ventilation flow structure across diverse parameters of the auxiliary ventilation system.