Pancreaticoduodenectomy in trauma patients with grade IV-V duodenal or pancreatic injuries: a post hoc analysis of an EAST multicenter trial.

Introduction: The utility of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for high-grade traumatic injuries remains unclear and data surrounding its use are limited. We hypothesized that PD does not result in improved outcomes when compared with non-PD surgical management of grade IV-V pancreaticoduodenal injuries.

Methods: This is a retrospective, multicenter analysis from 35 level 1 trauma centers from January 2010 to December 2020.

A Machine Learning Prediction Model for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Procedure Duration - An Evaluation of Surgeon, Patient, And Shoulder-Specific Factors.

Background: Operating room (OR) efficiency is of paramount importance for scheduling, cost efficiency and to allow for the high operating volume required to address the growing demand for arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to develop a machine learning predictive model for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA) procedure duration and to identify factors which are predictive of a prolonged procedure.

Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of all TSA between 2013-2021 in a large academic institution.

Characterization of peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) in a broad spectrum of neurological disorders.

Objective: Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) have been identified in ophthalmological and neurological diseases. Since PHOMS were found more frequently in these cohorts compared to healthy controls, it is assumed that the presence of PHOMS reflects a secondary disease marker of unknown significance. The extent to which disease-specific differences are reflected in PHOMS has not yet been sufficiently investigated.

Artificial intelligence-based rapid brain volumetry substantially improves differential diagnosis in dementia.

Introduction: This study evaluates the clinical value of a deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) system that performs rapid brain volumetry with automatic lobe segmentation and age- and sex-adjusted percentile comparisons.

Methods: Fifty-five patients-17 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 18 with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and 20 healthy controls-underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging scans. Two board-certified neuroradiologists (BCNR), two board-certified radiologists (BCR), and three radiology residents (RR) assessed the scans twice: first without AI support and then with AI assistance.

Public Knowledge and Perception of Outpatient Shoulder Arthroplasty.

There is a growing trend in performing outpatient total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). The purpose of this study was to analyze the public perception of outpatient TSA by querying a validated online market research platform regarding the public's knowledge, expectations, and beliefs on outpatient TSA. One thousand eighty respondents completed the survey in 2021.

Upcoding Linked To Up To Two-Thirds Of Growth In Highest-Intensity Hospital Discharges In 5 States, 2011-19.

Diagnosis-based payment systems can create incentives to upcode patients to a higher level of severity to increase payment. In some instances, upcoding can be a form of fraud if providers code patients to a higher complexity than is appropriate, whereas in other instances, upcoding can accurately reflect patient acuity. We estimated the increase in Medicare Severity Diagnosis-Related Group (MS-DRG) upcoding during the period 2011-19, using all-payer discharge-level data from five states.

Self-Management Intervention for Reducing Epilepsy Burden Among Adult Ugandans with Epilepsy (SMART-U): Randomised Clinical Trial Protocol.

Background: People of all ages are affected by epilepsy, a prevalent chronic brain illness that is primarily found in underdeveloped nations. It is very necessary to implement epilepsy self-management techniques to support individuals with epilepsy in order to impact outcomes related to epilepsy. The purpose of this 2-site randomised controlled experiment is to investigate this further, based on encouraging preliminary evidence.

Fostering healthy cognitive ageing in people living with HIV.

Prevalence and incidence of HIV among people aged 50 years and older continue to rise worldwide, generating increasing awareness among care providers, scientists, and the HIV community about the importance of brain health in older adults with HIV. Many age-related factors that adversely affect brain health can occur earlier and more often among people with HIV, including epigenetic ageing, chronic medical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease), and age-related syndromes (eg, frailty). Extensive dialogue between HIV community leaders, health-care providers, and scientists has led to the development of a multidimensional response strategy to protect and enhance brain health in people ageing with HIV that spans across public health, clinical spaces, and research spaces.

Sample size estimates for biomarker-based outcome measures in clinical trials in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Alzheimer disease (AD)-modifying therapies are approved for treatment of early-symptomatic AD. Autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) provides a unique opportunity to test therapies in presymptomatic individuals.

Methods: Using data from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), sample sizes for clinical trials were estimated for various cognitive, imaging, and CSF outcomes.

Aβ status assessment in a hypothetical scenario prior to treatment with disease-modifying therapies: Evidence from 10-year real-world experience at university memory clinics.

Introduction: With the advent of disease-modifying therapies, accurate assessment of biomarkers indicating the presence of disease-associated amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology becomes crucial in patients with clinically suspected Alzheimer's disease (AD). We evaluated Aβ levels in cerebrospinal fluid (Aβ CSF) and Aβ levels in positron emission tomography (Aβ PET) biomarkers in a real-world memory-clinic setting to develop an efficient algorithm for clinical use.

Methods: Patients were evaluated for AD-related Aβ pathology from two independent cohorts (Ludwig Maximilian University [LMU],  = 402, and Medical University of Vienna [MUV],  = 144).

Neuronal and oligodendroglial, but not astroglial, tau translates to in vivo tau PET signals in individuals with primary tauopathies.

Tau PET has attracted increasing interest as an imaging biomarker for 4-repeat (4R)-tauopathy progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). However, the translation of in vitro 4R-tau binding to in vivo tau PET signals is still unclear. Therefore, we performed a translational study using a broad spectrum of advanced methodologies to investigate the sources of [F]PI-2620 tau PET signals in individuals with 4R-tauopathies, including a pilot PET autopsy study in patients.

A Review of Job Assignments and Asbestos Workplace Exposure Measurements for TAWP Mesothelioma Deaths Through 2011.

Introduction: Asbestos workers have a higher risk of developing mesothelioma; however, few studies have looked at specific jobs and job locations within asbestos factories. The purpose of this study was to investigate asbestos exposure in different job locations of the Tyler, Texas asbestos plant to determine if there was a relationship between the duration of exposure and air fiber concentration burden in workers who developed pleural versus peritoneal mesothelioma.

Methods: This study used a patient information database to compile secondary data on 23 workers who died from mesothelioma through 2011.

Comparative neurofilament light chain trajectories in CSF and plasma in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.

Disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are likely to be most beneficial when initiated in the presymptomatic phase. To track the benefit of such interventions, fluid biomarkers are of great importance, with neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) showing promise for monitoring neurodegeneration and predicting cognitive outcomes. Here, we update and complement previous findings from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Observational Study by using matched cross-sectional and longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples from 567 individuals, allowing timely comparative analyses of CSF and blood trajectories across the entire disease spectrum.

Return to sports following arthroscopic Bankart repair in collision athletes: A systematic review.

Background: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the rate and time frame to return to sports in collision athletes following arthroscopic Bankart repair.

Methods: A systematic literature search based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, utilizing the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and The Cochrane Library Databases was performed. Manuscripts were included if they studied collision or contact athletes, reported on return to play rates or percentages, underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair, published in a peer-reviewed journal, and published in English.

Self-Management Interventions for Black Women at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Literature Review.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among Black women. When compared with their non-Hispanic White counterparts, Black women are about 50% more likely to have uncontrolled high blood pressure (BP). The disproportionate burden of CVD in Black women highlights the need for CVD prevention programs in this population.

Bone block options for treating glenoid bone loss and glenohumeral instability: A systematic review.

Background: To systematically review the literature assessing glenoid bone loss restoration by different bone block options and compare their dimensions.

Methods: Systematic examination of articles in PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to find studies of bone grafts for treating anterior glenohumeral instability. Statistical analyses were conducted via Review Manager, and a -value of <0.

Impact of hospital-physician vertical integration on physician-administered drug spending and utilization.

We estimate the effects of hospital-physician vertical integration on spending and utilization of physician-administered drugs for hematology-oncology, ophthalmology, and rheumatology. Using a 100% sample of Medicare fee-for-service medical claims from 2013 to 2017, we find that vertical integration shifts treatments away from physician offices and toward hospital outpatient departments. These shifts are accompanied by increases in physician-administered drug administration spending per procedure for all three specialties.

Barriers to Colonoscopy Quality Measurement in Rural Wisconsin.

Background: Patients in rural areas have reduced colonoscopy access, which is critical for colorectal cancer prevention. General surgeons perform most colonoscopies in rural areas. The Surgical Collaborative of Wisconsin's Rural Task Force identified colonoscopy as a high priority initiative due to high volume and lack of quality measure access, both necessary for assessing and improving performance.

Association of Changes in Cerebral and Hypothalamic Structure With Sleep Dysfunction in Patients With Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia.

Background And Objectives: Sleep dysfunction is common in patients with neurodegenerative disorders; however, its neural underpinnings remain poorly characterized in genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Hypothalamic nuclei important for sleep regulation may be related to this dysfunction. Thus, we examined changes in hypothalamic structure across the lifespan in patients with genetic FTD and whether these changes related to sleep dysfunction.

Association of Initial Side of Brain Atrophy With Clinical Features and Disease Progression in Patients With Frontotemporal Dementia.

Background And Objectives: Pathogenic variants in the gene cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD-) with marked brain asymmetry. This study aims to assess whether the disease progression of FTD- depends on the initial side of the atrophy. We also investigated the potential use of brain asymmetry as a biomarker of the disease.

Liberation from Respiratory Support in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Objective: To estimate the association between the mode of respiratory support administered at 36 weeks' post-menstrual age (PMA) with time-to-liberation from respiratory support (LRS) in infants with grade 2/3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Study Design: Daily respiratory support data were abstracted for infants born <32 weeks' gestation with grade 2/3 BPD enrolled in the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database between 2017 and 2022. The main exposure was the mode of respiratory support received at 36 weeks' PMA: high flow nasal cannula >2 L/min (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), or mechanical ventilation (MV).

Development, Evolution, and Outcomes of More Anatomical Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has become a widely used procedure since its introduction in the 1980s, and is currently used to treat a wider range of conditions than its original indication. The original Grammont-style RSA revolutionized shoulder arthroplasty but had several limitations, including scapular notching and reduced rotational motion. This review discusses the evolution of RSA design, particularly the development of a lateralized center of rotation constructs, which aims to improve all the disadvantages associated with the Grammont-style design and more closely reproduce the native anatomy in order to improve patient outcomes in an expanded context of pathologies.

Rates of positive vs negative studies in the spine literature.

Background: Accuracy in the interpretation of data, and publication of studies regardless of outcomes are vital to the development of the scientific literature.

Objective: To determine the proportion of studies in the spine literature that report positive results.

Study Design: Review article of studies published in nine major spine, pain, and physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) journals from January 1, 2018-December 31, 2022.