Cluster-Randomized Trial of Devices to Prevent Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection.

Central venous catheters (CVCs) contribute disproportionately to bloodstream infection (BSI) and, by extension, to infection-related hospitalization, mortality, and health care costs in patients undergoing dialysis. Recent product advancements may reduce BSIs, but a sufficiently powered comparative-effectiveness study is needed to facilitate evidence-based patient care decisions. In a 13-month, prospective, cluster-randomized, open-label trial, we compared BSI rates in facilities using ClearGuard HD antimicrobial barrier caps (ClearGuard group) with those in facilities using Tego hemodialysis connectors plus Curos disinfecting caps (Tego+Curos group).

Completeness of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection Reporting From Outpatient Hemodialysis Facilities to the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2013.

Reports of bloodstream infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among chronic hemodialysis patients to 2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance systems (National Healthcare Safety Network Dialysis Event and Emerging Infections Program) were compared to evaluate completeness of reporting. Many methicillin-resistant S. aureus bloodstream infections identified in hospitals were not reported to National Healthcare Safety Network Dialysis Event.

Use of the Tego needlefree connector is associated with reduced incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections in hemodialysis patients.

Background And Objectives: Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are common in hemodialysis patients using central venous catheters, and catheter occlusion also occurs frequently. The Tego needlefree connector was developed to reduce the incidence of these complications; however, existing studies of its effectiveness and safety are limited.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective analysis compared outcomes among patients of a large dialysis organization receiving in-center hemodialysis using a central venous catheter with either the Tego connector or standard catheter caps between October 1 and June 30, 2013.

Acute hepatitis B outbreaks in 2 skilled nursing facilities and possible sources of transmission: North Carolina, 2009-2010.

Objective: Acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections have been reported in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), primarily associated with infection control breaks during assisted blood glucose monitoring. We investigated HBV outbreaks that occurred in separate skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) to determine factors associated with transmission.

Design: Outbreak investigation with case-control studies.

Emergency department visits attributable to asthma in North Carolina, 2008.

Background: Asthma is a prevalent, morbid, and costly chronic condition that may result in preventable exacerbations requiring emergency department (ED) care. In North Carolina we have limited information about the frequency and characteristics of asthma-related ED visits.

Methods: We estimated statewide population-based asthma-related ED visit rates in North Carolina, both overall and by age, sex, geography, insurance, and season.

Drug use among street children and non--street children in the Philippines.

This study characterizes the prevalence of drug use among Filipino street children compared with Filipino non-street children. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 311 street children and 528 non-street children aged 13 to 17 years. Participants were enrolled through 4 nonprofit organizations and 3 high schools located in Manila, Philippines.

Characterizing health behaviors and infectious disease prevalence among Filipino street children.

Purpose: To describe health problems and social, environmental, and health behavior characteristics among street children in Manila, Philippines.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey and clinical tests that included chest radiographs blood, urine, and stool samples were completed with 179 street children, ages 8-17 years, served by Childhope-Asia Philippines.

Results: The most frequently occurring health problem was coughing, followed by fever, dyspnea, diarrhea, and then blood in the stools.