Pediatric Acute Otitis Media Clinical Trials: An Analysis of Diversity.

Objective: This study aims to assess the diversity and equity of pediatric acute otitis media (AOM) trials using ClinicalTrials.gov, focusing on participant demographics and representation to identify gaps in inclusivity and inform strategies for promoting diversity in future pediatric AOM studies.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis.

Cuterebra myiasis with persistent eyelid swelling after larva removal.

Human infection with Cuterebra species is the most common form of endemic myiasis in North America. The authors present a case of a `12-year-old female with left upper eyelid swelling 1 week after visiting a petting farm in Manitoba. A larva was removed with forceps through an eyelid skin pore and identified as Cuterebra sp.

Pharmacological inactivation of a non-canonical gp130 signaling arm attenuates chronic systemic inflammation and multimorbidity induced by a high-fat diet.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine that demonstrates a robust correlation with age and body mass index (BMI) as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. IL-6 cytokines also play a crucial role in metabolic homeostasis and regenerative processes primarily via the canonical STAT3 pathway. Thus, selective modulation of IL-6 signaling may offer a unique opportunity for therapeutic interventions.

Demand for Increased Financial Support to Families of Privately Insured Pediatric Hearing Aid Users.

Purpose: The ability to hear is germane in fostering communiation skills in children and plays a crucial role in their overall wellbeing. Unfortunately, hearing impairment is one of the most common developmental discrepancies in children.

Objective: To describe and evaluate the current legislation surrounding pediatric hearing aid reimbursement and the implications of these policies.

Long-term chronic infection of a young immunocompromised patient by the SARS-CoV-2 P.2 VOI.

An immunocompromised patient was infected by the SARS-CoV-2 variant of interest named Zeta (P.2) in February 2021. More than one year later, he suffered from symptomatic COVID-19 and sequencing revealed the same variant, which accumulated 23 substitutions.

Study Protocol Evaluating Breastfeeding for Mother-Infant Dyads Experiencing Infant Ankyloglossia.

Background: Tongue-tie is associated with nipple pain and early breastfeeding cessation. To date, research has been limited by small sample sizes and a dearth of evidence on the effects of tongue-tie on infant feeding symptoms and physiologic breastfeeding mechanics.

Objectives: In this article, we describe the protocol for our study exploring infant feeding, negative breastfeeding symptoms, maternal anatomy, and physiologic sucking data between infants with and without tongue-tie.

Quadrivalent HPV (4vHPV) vaccine immunogenicity and safety in women using immunosuppressive drugs due to solid organ transplant.

Introduction: Immunocompromised persons are at high risk of persistent Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and associated diseases. Few studies evaluated HPV vaccines in immunocompromised persons. This study aimed to evaluate the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV) immunogenicity and safety in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, in comparison to immunocompetent women (IC).

Assessing the Efficacy of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Olfactory Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.

Objective: This article seeks to systematically review existing literature on the use of acupuncture in treating olfactory dysfunction in order to better understand the methodology and efficacy of this alternative treatment modality.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted. The review was conducted by 2 independent reviewers that authored this article.

The Impact of COVID-19 and Socioeconomic Determinants on Appointment Non-Attendance in an Urban Otolaryngology Clinic: A Retrospective Analysis From a Safety Net Hospital.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate various demographic, socioeconomic, COVID-related, and clinical factors associated with missed otolaryngology appointments in the outpatient setting at Boston Medical Center (BMC), an urban safety net hospital.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on adults (≥18 years old) with scheduled appointments in the otolaryngology department at BMC from May 1, 2015, to May 1, 2022. Data were extracted from the electronic medical record and included appointment-related factors (eg, status and type), demographic variables (eg, age, sex, race, and ethnicity), and socioeconomic factors (eg, employment and insurance).

[F]F-AraG Uptake in Vertebral Bone Marrow May Predict Survival in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Anti-PD-(L)1 Immunotherapy.

Despite the systemic impact of both cancer and the associated immune response, immuno-PET is predominantly centered on assessment of the immune milieu within the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study was to assess the value of [F]F-AraG PET imaging as a noninvasive method for evaluation of system-wide immune status of patients with non-small cell lung cancer before starting immunotherapy. Eleven patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were imaged with [F]F-AraG before starting immunotherapy.

Navigating ChatGPT's alignment with expert consensus on pediatric OSA management.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the potential integration of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically ChatGPT, into healthcare decision-making, focusing on its alignment with expert consensus statements regarding the management of persistent pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.

Methods: We analyzed ChatGPT's responses to 52 statements from the 2024 expert consensus statement (ECS) on the management of pediatric persistent OSA after adenotonsillectomy. Each statement was input into ChatGPT using a 9-point Likert scale format, with each statement entered three times to calculate mean scores and standard deviations.

Patient characteristics of pediatric inpatients with sensorineural hearing loss: Insights from the 2016 KID database.

Unlabelled: This study examines how patient demographics impact pediatric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) prevalence using the 2016 Kids' Inpatient Database (KID). By analyzing age, gender, race, income, insurance, and region, the study provides insights for early intervention and diagnosis. Multivariate regression analysis reveals associations between these factors and SNHL occurrence.

High-Throughput Assay for Predicting Diarrhea Risk Using a 2D Human Intestinal Stem Cell-Derived Model.

Gastrointestinal toxicities (GITs) are the most prevalent adverse events (AE) reported in clinical trials, often resulting in dose-limitations that reduce drug efficacy and delay development and treatment optimization. Preclinical animal models do not accurately replicate human GI physiology, leaving few options for early detection of GI side effects prior to human studies. Development of an accurate model that predicts GIT earlier in drug discovery programs would better support successful clinical trial outcomes.

Enrichment of novel CD3+F4/80+ cells in brown adipose tissue following adrenergic stimulation.

Macrophages play a multifaceted role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, fighting infections, and regulating cold-induced thermogenesis. The brown adipose tissue (BAT) is crucial for maintaining body temperature during cold exposure. Cold stress triggers the sympathetic nervous system to release norepinephrine (NE), which activates BAT via β3-adrenergic receptors, initiating lipolysis and glycolysis.

Lenacapavir to prevent HIV infection: current prices versus estimated costs of production.

Background: Despite improvements in treatment and oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) access, 1.3 million people acquired HIV in 2022. Six-monthly lenacapavir PrEP could benefit tens of millions of people at high risk of infection.

Understanding pediatric inpatient conductive hearing loss: An analysis of patient demographics.

Objective: Hearing loss is a common sensory impairment in children that affects quality of life and development. Early intervention, such as hearing aids and communication therapies, can help children overcome these challenges and lessen the impact on their development. The objective of this study was to identify specific patient demographic factors correlated with the prevalence of pediatric conductive hearing loss.

Comparing the educational quality of YouTube and Facebook videos on tympanostomy tubes.

Purpose: Patients often refer to online materials when researching surgical procedures. This study compares the educational quality of online videos about tympanostomy tubes on two popular video platforms: YouTube and Facebook. This study provides clinicians with context about the content and quality of information patients may possess after watching online videos on tympanostomy tubes.

Discrepancies in pediatric OSA surgery hospital stay length across regions.

Objective: To investigate regional disparities in the length of hospital stay (LOS) for pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the United States.

Methods: We utilized the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Kid Inpatient Database (KID) for 2016, analyzing data on pediatric OSA patients aged 0-20. We compared LOS in different U.

Determining the Impact of Preoperative Psychiatric Comorbidities on Readmission After Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma.

Objective: To determine the impact of comorbid depression on readmission after vestibular schwannoma resection.

Study Design: Retrospective database analysis.

Setting: National database of readmitted patients.