[Social representation of labels associated to mental illness].

The social context linked to deinstitutionalization brought the authors to study the impact of labels placed on people having undergone psychiatry. The objective of this research is to better understand the subtleties made by the public concerning the following terms: the mentally ill person (malade mental), the ex-psychiatric patient (ex-patient psychiatrique) and the person suffering from a mental health problem (personne souffrant d'un problème de santé mentale). Data collected from 255 francophone residents from the Montréal area show that the expression "ex-psychiatric patient" is less stigmatizing than the expressions "mentally ill person" or "person suffering from a mental health problem" (PSMHP), as it refers to a past event that is over and done with.

Prostate-specific antigen expression by various tumors.

There is a growing body of evidence indicating that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) may be present in many steroid hormone-stimulated epithelial tissues other than that of the prostate. In particular, breast tumor cell lines treated with steroid hormone receptor agonists, breast tumors, and normal human breast have recently been found by our group to contain PSA. To investigate whether PSA may also be present in other human tumors, we employed a highly sensitive immunofluorometric assay technique to quantify PSA immunoreactivity in tumor extracts.

Involvement of superior mesenteric vessels and portal vein in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: detection with CT during arterial portography.

A prospective study was designed to determine the utility of computed tomography (CT) during arterial portography (CTAP) in the detection of superior mesenteric vessels and portal vein involvement in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Eighteen patients with adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas and eight patients with benign pancreatic disease were investigated with CTAP, dynamic contrast-enhanced CT, and angiography. Appropriate review was made to determine presence or absence of superior mesenteric vessels and portal vein involvement.

Comparisons of MEG, EEG, and ECoG source localization in neocortical partial epilepsy in humans.

In order to delineate the characteristics of epileptic spikes, 1946 different spikes were studied in 6 patients with complex partial epilepsy. Non-invasive MEG and EEG source analysis of interictal spikes were contrasted to ECoG localization, surgical outcome and presence of lesions on MRI. Results indicated that: (1) using the most frequent occurring spike topography patterns from a large sample of spikes improved goodness-of-fit values for both MEG and EEG localization, (2) when spike patterns could be appropriately matched on several successive MEG measurements to provide an adequate matrix (3 of 6 subjects), there was excellent agreement between MEG dipole sources and ECoG sources as well as surgical outcome and presence of MRI lesions, (3) EEG source analyses also gave good results but not as consistently as MEG.

MRI of Budd-Chiari syndrome.

A retrospective study was undertaken to reassess the various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). MRI examinations of 22 patients with pathologically confirmed BCS were studied. Spin-echo (SE) T1- (TR = 300-450 ms/TE = 12-15 ms), and SE T2-weighted (TR = 1600-2000 ms/TE = 30-60/90-120 ms) MRI images were obtained in all patients.

Detection of recurrent hepatic metastases after partial hepatectomy: value of CT combined with arterial portography.

Objective: We did a retrospective study to evaluate the sensitivity of CT combined with arterial portography in detecting recurrent hepatic metastases after partial hepatectomy.

Materials And Methods: CT scans combined with arterial portography in 18 patients who had partial hepatectomy and suspected intrahepatic recurrence of metastases were retrospectively reviewed. Eleven of the patients had further surgery, and recurrent hepatic metastases were proved; seven patients were inoperable.

Cystic tumors of the pancreas: dynamic CT studies.

Objective: Our retrospective study was performed to reassess the common dynamic CT manifestations of cystic tumors of the pancreas and to determine whether they might allow the differentiation between benign and malignant tumors.

Materials And Methods: Dynamic CT examinations of 19 patients with 20 cystic tumors of the pancreas, including 7 serous cystadenomas, 3 benign mucinous cystadenomas, 5 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, 3 mucin-producing duct ectasias, and 2 papillary cystic epithelial neoplasms, were retrospectively reviewed. The examinations were obtained with 4 to 5 mm collimation with intravenous injection of 120-130 ml of contrast agent.

CT of hepatic tumors: prevalence and specificity of retraction of the adjacent liver capsule.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the CT features of capsular retraction of the liver adjacent to hepatic tumors and to test the hypothesis that this finding is specific for malignant hepatic tumors.

Materials And Methods: We first retrospectively reviewed the CT scans of eight patients with pathologically proved malignant hepatic tumors (five secondary and three primary) who had CT scans that showed retraction of the overlying liver capsule. Then, using criteria developed from the first eight cases, we prospectively studied 253 patients with pathologically proved hepatic tumors (75 benign, 178 malignant) to determine the prevalence of retraction of the liver capsule shown by CT and the specificity of this finding for malignant hepatic tumors.

Focal hepatic masses: comparison of detection during arterial portography with MR imaging and CT.

Purpose: A prospective study was performed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) both performed during arterial portography in depicting focal hepatic masses.

Materials And Methods: Eleven patients with 31 pathologically proved focal hepatic masses were prospectively evaluated. MR arterial portography was performed with 4 mL of a 0.

Quantitative analysis of mutant p53 protein in breast tumor cytosols and study of its association with other biochemical prognostic indicators in breast cancer.

Breast tumors are thought to originate, grow, and metastasize in an environment which includes steroid hormone receptors, their cognate steroid ligands, and many gene products which are regulated by steroid hormone receptor-ligand complexes. In this paper we describe highly sensitive and quantitative immunofluorometric procedures for measuring three proteins that are candidate prognostic indicators in breast cancer, namely, the p53 tumor suppressor gene product, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and prostate specific antigen (PSA). These proteins were quantified in over 950 cytosolic tumor extracts along with estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR).

Ectopic production of prostate specific antigen by a breast tumor metastatic to the ovary.

We have recently reported that about 30% of breast tumors produce prostate specific antigen (PSA). We examined here, 99 primary ovarian cancer tumors and found relatively low levels of PSA in only three tumors. One patient with metastatic ovarian cancer from a primary breast tumor, produced relatively high levels of PSA and responded well to antiestrogen treatment although she was steroid receptor-negative.

Regulation of human CD44H and CD44E isoform binding to hyaluronan by phorbol myristate acetate and anti-CD44 monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.

CD44 molecules are comprised of multiple alternatively spliced forms and are associated with diverse functions such as mediation of carcinoma metastasis and T cell coactivation. To study the function of individual CD44 isoforms, we have transfected CD44 isoforms into CD44-negative Jurkat T cells and produced cloned Jurkat cell lines that are stably transfected with either a CD44 isoform containing no alternatively spliced insert (CD44H) or a CD44 variant (CD44E) containing an insert of 132 amino acids derived from exons 12, 13, and 14 of the CD44 gene. We found that neither CD44H- nor CD44E-transfected Jurkat T cells constitutively bound hyaluronan (HA), whereas PMA treatment induced Jurkat cells transfected with CD44H but not CD44E to bind HA.

Surgical treatment of partial epilepsy arising from the insular cortex. Report of two cases.

Despite its documented connections with many limbic structures, the role of the insula in the etiology of partial seizures is poorly understood. Two patients are described in whom lesions of the insula were associated with intractable partial seizures. In the first patient, the seizures involved visceral sensory hallucinations followed by motor automatism.

Somatotopy of human hand somatosensory cortex as studied in scalp EEG.

We recorded somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in scalp EEGs during stimulation of the median nerve, the ulnar nerve and the individual digits in 3 normal subjects and in 1 epilepsy patient. In this patient we also measured SEPs from chronically indwelling subdural grid electrodes during electrocorticography (ECoG). We applied dipole modelling technique to study the 3-dimensional intracerebral locations and time activities of the neuronal sources underlying stimulation of different peripheral receptive fields.

CT arterial portography of the abdomen: effect of injecting papaverine into the mesenteric artery on hepatic contrast enhancement.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of precontrast injection of papaverine hydrochloride into the superior mesenteric artery on the degree of contrast enhancement of the hepatic parenchyma during CT arterial portography (CTAP, CT with injection of contrast material into the superior mesenteric artery).

Subjects And Methods: Twenty-two patients were included in this study. All patients had a baseline unenhanced CT scan and then had CTAP performed with transcatheter injection of 150 ml of nonionic iodinated contrast material (30 g iodine/100 ml) at a rate of 2 ml/sec.

[Primary carcinoid tumor of the pancreas. X-ray computed tomographic and echo-endoscopic aspects].

Primary carcinoid tumors of the pancreas are exceedingly rare, only few cases have been reported in the literature. We present a case of primary carcinoid tumor of the pancreas occurring on chronic pancreatitis. The CT, as well as endosonographic features are described.

The variable of hypertrophic changes in hepatic morphology: CT appearance.

The liver has a particular ability to regenerate and demonstrate hypertrophy under several circumstances. The aim of this essay is to illustrate the computed tomographic (CT) appearances of the hypertrophic changes in hepatic morphology and to focus on the broad spectrum of etiologies. One thousand seven hundred and twenty-one patients who had CT of the abdomen were retrospectively studied.

Primary lymphoma of the liver: MR findings.

Primary lymphoma of the liver is a rare disease. The MR appearances of three cases of pathologically confirmed primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver are presented. All three lymphomatous lesions appeared as unique well demarcated focal liver lesions on MR images.

[Ultrasound-guided biopsy in focal lesions of the liver. Report on an automated biopsy system].

Two techniques for focal liver lesion biopsy were retrospectively evaluated to compare relative safety and efficacy. After sonographic localization of the focal liver lesion and biopsy with a hand-held 18-gauge cutting needle, a pathologically adequate specimen was obtained in 49 of 55 cases (89%) requiring 1 to 4 passes (mean, 2.1 per patient).

Single mossy fiber axonal systems of human dentate granule cells studied in hippocampal slices from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Previous histological and immunocytochemical studies suggest that reorganization of the dentate granule cell axons, the mossy fibers, can occur in epileptic human hippocampus (Sutula et al., 1989; Houser et al., 1990; Babb et al.

Temperature changes in nickel-chromium intracranial depth electrodes during MR scanning.

The authors sought to determine whether there are any heating effects of 1.5-T MR scanning upon nickel-chromium electrodes and to confirm the safety of scanning these electrodes after intracranial surgical implantation in epilepsy patients. Since there was no significant temperature increase of the electrodes tested in their experiments, the authors conclude that nickel-chromium electrodes implanted in the brain are thermally safe for MR scanning.

Correlation of unit recordings with regional cell counts in epileptogenic human temporal lobe.

The previously reported diminished incidence of neuronal activity recorded from areas ipsilateral to a seizure focus may result from either cell loss or pathophysiologic changes in hippocampus and related structures. We examined records of single-cell discharge from 471 electrode bundles in 62 patients who later had cell counts taken from samples of resected tissue. Analysis of variance showed that amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus had more activity than hippocampus and the subicular complex and that the resected side had less activity overall.

Surgical treatment of hepatic metastases: impact of intraoperative sonography.

Objective: A prospective study was done to determine the influence of intraoperative sonographic findings on surgical decision making in patients with hepatic metastases.

Subjects And Methods: Thirty-seven consecutive patients with hepatic metastases who underwent surgery (for hepatic resection or intraarterial catheter placement) were prospectively evaluated. For each patient, the resectability of the metastases and the surgical approach were determined preoperatively on the basis of the combined results of sonography, bolus dynamic CT, and CT during arterial portography (CTAP).