EValuating Glucose ContrOL Using a Next-GeneraTION Automated Insulin Delivery Algorithm in Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: The EVOLUTION Study.

This study evaluated a next-generation automated insulin delivery (AID) algorithm for Omnipod in type 1 and type 2 diabetes across multiple phases: 14-day run-in with usual therapy, 48-h AID use in a hotel setting (type 1 only), and up to 6 weeks of outpatient AID use. Participants did, or did not, deliver manual boluses at alternating periods. Twelve adults with type 1 diabetes completed the hotel phase; 9 of those 12 plus 8 adults with type 2 diabetes completed the subsequent outpatient phase.

Cognition in Meningioma: Effects of Tumor Location and Tumor Removal.

Background: Meningiomas are the most common type of primary intracranial tumor, yet very few studies have assessed the effects of tumor removal.

Methods: Here we report analysis of patients with meningiomas who underwent routine neuropsychological assessment and surgery at a National Health Service (NHS) hospital in the North East of England over a 6-year period.

Results: Surgical removal of tumors significantly improved both phonemic and semantic verbal fluency and some measures of working memory and declarative memory.

Unifying Subicular Function: A Predictive Map Approach.

The successor representation has emerged as a powerful model for understanding mammalian navigation and memory; explaining the spatial coding properties of hippocampal place cells and entorhinal grid cells. However, the diverse spatial responses of subicular neurons, the primary output of the hippocampus, have eluded a unified account. Here, we demonstrate that incorporating rodent behavioural biases into the successor representation successfully reproduces the heterogeneous activity patterns of subicular neurons.

UK Foot and Ankle Thromboembolism (UK-FATE).

Aims: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potential complication of foot and ankle surgery. There is a lack of agreement on contributing risk factors and chemical prophylaxis requirements. The primary outcome of this study was to analyze the 90-day incidence of symptomatic VTE and VTE-related mortality in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery and Achilles tendon (TA) rupture.

Mice integrate conspecific and contextual information in forming social episodic-like memories under spontaneous recognition task conditions.

The ability to remember unique past events (episodic memory) may be an evolutionarily conserved function, with accumulating evidence of episodic-(like) memory processing in rodents. In humans, it likely contributes to successful complex social networking. Rodents, arguably the most used laboratory models, are also rather social animals.

Acceptability and experiences of real-time continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 2 diabetes using insulin: a qualitative study.

Aims: To explore the lived experiences of initiating real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) use in individuals with type 2 diabetes using insulin.

Methods: Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted amongst individuals with type 2 diabetes taking insulin who were enrolled in the 2GO-CGM randomised controlled trial and had completed 3 months of rtCGM. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed to identify common themes regarding their experiences.

Real time continuous glucose monitoring in high-risk people with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial.

Aims: To investigate the impact of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) on glycaemia in a predominantly indigenous (Māori) population of adults with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes (T2D) in New Zealand.

Methods: Twelve-week, multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) of adults with T2D using ≥0.2 units/kg/day of insulin and elevated glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥64 mmol/mol (8.

Identifying and Managing Those at Risk for Vaccine-Related Allergy and Anaphylaxis.

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines, the most severe of which is anaphylaxis, are uncommon events occurring in fewer than 1 in a million doses administered. These reactions are infrequently immunoglobulin E-mediated. Because they are unlikely to recur, a reaction to a single dose of a vaccine is rarely a contraindication to redosing.

Frequency matters: how changes in hippocampal theta frequency can influence temporal coding, anxiety-reduction, and memory.

Hippocampal theta frequency is a somewhat neglected topic relative to theta power, phase, coherence, and cross-frequency coupling. Accordingly, here we review and present new data on variation in hippocampal theta frequency, focusing on functional associations (temporal coding, anxiety reduction, learning, and memory). Taking the rodent hippocampal theta frequency to running-speed relationship as a model, we identify two doubly-dissociable frequency components: (a) the slope component of the theta frequency-to-stimulus-rate relationship ("theta slope"); and (b) its y-intercept frequency ("theta intercept").

Extended Use of an Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery System in Children and Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: The 24-Week Continuation Phase Following the CREATE Randomized Controlled Trial.

To assess long-term efficacy and safety of open-source automated insulin delivery (AID) in children and adults (7-70 years) with type 1 diabetes. Both arms of a 24-week randomized controlled trial comparing open-source AID (OpenAPS algorithm within a modified version of AndroidAPS, preproduction DANA-i™ insulin pump, Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitor) with sensor-augmented pump therapy (SAPT), entered a 24-week continuation phase where the SAPT arm (termed SAPT-AID) crossed over to join the open-source AID arm (termed AID-AID). Most participants (69/94) used a preproduction YpsoPump insulin pump during the continuation phase.

Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery in Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Open-source automated insulin delivery (AID) systems are used by many patients with type 1 diabetes. Data are needed on the efficacy and safety of an open-source AID system.

Methods: In this multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled trial, we assigned patients with type 1 diabetes in a 1:1 ratio to use an open-source AID system or a sensor-augmented insulin pump (control).

Neural correlates of distinct levels of predatory threat in dorsal periaqueductal grey neurons.

The dorsal periaqueductal grey (PAG) is an important site for integrating predatory threats. However, it remains unclear whether predator-related activation in PAG primarily reflects threat itself and thus can distinguish between various degrees of threat, or rather reflects threat-oriented behaviours, with the PAG potentially orchestrating different types of defensive repertoire. To address this issue, we performed extracellular recording of dorsal PAG neurons in freely behaving rats and examined neuronal and behavioural responses to stimulus conditions with distinct levels of predatory threat.

Learning challenges of healthcare professionals supporting open-source automated insulin delivery.

Background: Open-source automated insulin delivery (AID) is a user-driven treatment modality used by thousands globally. Healthcare professionals' (HCPs) ability to support users of this technology is limited by a lack of knowledge of these systems.

Aims: To describe the challenges experienced by HCPs supporting participants' use of open-source automated insulin delivery in the Community deRivEd AuTomatEd insulin delivery (CREATE) study.

Lack of Consensus Across Clinical Guidelines Regarding the Role of Psychosocial Factors Within Low Back Pain Care: A Systematic Review.

It is widely accepted that psychosocial prognostic factors should be addressed by clinicians in their assessment and management of patient suffering from low back pain (LBP). On the other hand, an overview is missing how these factors are addressed in clinical LBP guidelines. Therefore, our objective was to summarize and compare recommendations regarding the assessment and management of psychosocial prognostic factors for LBP chronicity, as reported in clinical LBP guidelines.

Vector trace cells in the subiculum of the hippocampal formation.

Successfully navigating in physical or semantic space requires a neural representation of allocentric (map-based) vectors to boundaries, objects and goals. Cognitive processes such as path-planning and imagination entail the recall of vector representations, but evidence of neuron-level memory for allocentric vectors has been lacking. Here, we describe a novel neuron type, vector trace cell (VTC), whose firing generates a new vector field when a cue is encountered and a 'trace' version of that field for hours after cue removal.

Acetylcholine and Spontaneous Recognition Memory in Rodents and Primates.

Whilst acetylcholine has long been linked to memory, there have been significant questions about its specific role. In particular, the effects of cholinergic manipulations in primates and rodents has often been at odds. Here, we review the work in primates and rodents on the specific function of acetylcholine in memory, and episodic memory in particular.

Distinct and combined responses to environmental geometry and features in a working-memory reorientation task in rats and chicks.

The original provocative formulation of the 'geometric module' hypothesis was based on a working-memory task in rats which suggested that spontaneous reorientation behavior is based solely on the environmental geometry and is impervious to featural cues. Here, we retested that claim by returning to a spontaneous navigation task with rats and domestic chicks, using a single prominent featural cue (a striped wall) within a rectangular arena. Experiments 1 and 2 tested the influence of geometry and features separately.

Insoluble Aβ overexpression in an knock-in mouse model alters microstructure and gamma oscillations in the prefrontal cortex, affecting anxiety-related behaviours.

We studied a new amyloid-beta precursor protein () knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease ( ), containing the Swedish KM670/671NL mutation, the Iberian I716F mutation and the Artic E693G mutation, which generates elevated levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) and Aβ without the confounds associated with APP overexpression. This enabled us to assess changes in anxiety-related and social behaviours, and neural alterations potentially underlying such changes, driven specifically by Aβ accumulation. knock-in mice exhibited subtle deficits in tasks assessing social olfaction, but not in social motivation tasks.

En route to delineating hippocampal roles in spatial learning.

The precise role played by the hippocampus in spatial learning tasks, such as the Morris Water Maze (MWM), is not fully understood. One theory is that the hippocampus is not required for 'knowing where' but rather is crucial in 'getting there'. To explore this idea in the MWM, we manipulated 'getting there' variables, such as passive transport or active swimming towards the hidden platform, in rats with and without hippocampal lesions.

The within-subject application of diffusion tensor MRI and CLARITY reveals brain structural changes in deletion mice.

Background: Of the many genetic mutations known to increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder, a large proportion cluster upon synaptic proteins. One such family of presynaptic proteins are the neurexins (NRXN), and recent genetic and mouse evidence has suggested a causative role for in generating altered social behaviours. Autism has been conceptualised as a disorder of atypical connectivity, yet how single-gene mutations affect such connectivity remains under-explored.

The Neurobiology of Mammalian Navigation.

Mammals have evolved specialized brain systems to support efficient navigation within diverse habitats and over varied distances, but while navigational strategies and sensory mechanisms vary across species, core spatial components appear to be widely shared. This review presents common elements found in mammalian spatial mapping systems, focusing on the cells in the hippocampal formation representing orientational and locational spatial information, and 'core' mammalian hippocampal circuitry. Mammalian spatial mapping systems make use of both allothetic cues (space-defining cues in the external environment) and idiothetic cues (cues derived from self-motion).

The functional and dynamometer-tested results of transtendinous flexor hallucis longus transfer for neglected ruptures of the Achilles tendon at six years' follow-up.

Aims: Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon transfer is a well-recognized technique in the treatment of the neglected tendo Achillis (TA) rupture.

Patients And Methods: We report a retrospective review of 20/32 patients who had undergone transtendinous FHL transfer between 2003 and 2011 for chronic TA rupture. Their mean age at the time of surgery was 53 years (22 to 83).