Long-Term Signs of T Cell and Myeloid Cell Activation After Intestinal Transplantation With Cellular Rejections Contributing to Further Increase of CD16 Cell Subsets.

The intestine mediates a delicate balance between tolerogenic and inflammatory immune responses. The continuous pathogen encounter might also augment immune cell responses contributing to complications observed upon intestinal transplantation (ITx). We thus hypothesized that ITx patients show persistent signs of immune cell activation affecting both the adaptive and innate immune cell compartment.

Rescue from lethal acute radiation syndrome (ARS) with severe weight loss by secretome of intramuscularly injected human placental stromal cells.

Background: Most current cell-based regenerative therapies are based on the indirect induction of the affected tissues repair. Xenogeneic cell-based treatment with expanded human placenta stromal cells, predominantly from fetal origin (PLX-RAD cells), were shown to mitigate significantly acute radiation syndrome (ARS) following high dose irradiation in mice, with expedited regain of weight loss and haematopoietic function. The current mechanistic study explores the indirect effect of the secretome of PLX-RAD cells in the rescue of the irradiated mice.

TCAIM decreases T cell priming capacity of dendritic cells by inhibiting TLR-induced Ca2+ influx and IL-2 production.

We previously showed that the T cell activation inhibitor, mitochondrial (Tcaim) is highly expressed in grafts of tolerance-developing transplant recipients and that the encoded protein is localized within mitochondria. In this study, we show that CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs), as main producers of TCAIM, downregulate Tcaim expression after LPS stimulation or in vivo alloantigen challenge. LPS-stimulated TCAIM-overexpressing bone marrow-derived DC (BMDCs) have a reduced capacity to induce proliferation of and cytokine expression by cocultured allogeneic T cells; this is not due to diminished upregulation of MHC or costimulatory molecules.

HCMV-specific T-cell therapy: do not forget supply of help.

Human cytomegalovirus infections have a major negative effect on morbidity and mortality of immunosuppressed allograft recipients and indirectly on graft function and survival. The adoptive antiviral T-cell therapy is a novel therapeutic tool to restore immune competence after solid organ transplantation. Till now, the antiviral T-cell products mainly focused on cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells, whereas CD4(+) T cells played a minor role.