Processed foods: contributions to nutrition.

Both fresh and processed foods make up vital parts of the food supply. Processed food contributes to both food security (ensuring that sufficient food is available) and nutrition security (ensuring that food quality meets human nutrient needs). This ASN scientific statement focuses on one aspect of processed foods: their nutritional impacts.

Vocational outcome indicators in atypically recovering mild TBI: a post-intervention study.

Beyond issues of MTBI etiology, a key question remains the characterization and early identification of those individuals at risk of poor functional outcome. Using a retrospective analysis, the current study aimed at identifying the specific indicators related to return to work in adults with both symptomatic MTBI and functional impacts, having completed a specialized intervention program. In terms of outcome, 59.

The case for strategic international alliances to harness nutritional genomics for public and personal health.

Nutrigenomics is the study of how constituents of the diet interact with genes, and their products, to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolise these constituents into nutrients, antinutrients, and bioactive compounds. Results from molecular and genetic epidemiological studies indicate that dietary unbalance can alter gene-nutrient interactions in ways that increase the risk of developing chronic disease. The interplay of human genetic variation and environmental factors will make identifying causative genes and nutrients a formidable, but not intractable, challenge.

Dietary fat consumption and health.

Dietary Guidelines have emerged over the past 30 years recommending that Americans limit their consumption of total fat and saturated fat as one way to reduce the risk of a range of chronic diseases. However, a low-fat diet is not a no-fat diet. Dietary fat clearly serves a number of essential functions.

Influence of dietary cholesterol and fat on serum lipids in men.

The effect of changes in dietary cholesterol and fat on serum lipids was studied in 32 healthy men (mean age = 24.8 years). Subjects were fed a controlled diet for 10 days providing 42 to 45% of the total calories from fat, a P/S ratio of 0.

The role of breakfast in nutrient intake of 5- to 12-year-old children.

From 7-day food diaries of a cross-sectional sample of American children (n = 657), breakfast consumption patterns were assessed and related to average daily nutrient intake patterns. Results indicated that few of the children skipped breakfast and that breakfast consumption made a significant contribution to the average child's daily nutrient intake. Further, children who had ready-to-eat cereals at breakfast three or more times during the 1-wk period were found to have consumed significantly less (p less than 0.

Functional correlates of Na+,K+-ATPase in lean and obese (ob/ob) mice.

Concentrations of Na+,K+-ATPase enzyme units are lower in skeletal muscle and liver of adult obese (ob/ob) mice than in their lean counterparts. The present studies were designed to provide information on functional correlates of Na+,K+-ATPase in ob/ob mice. Obese mice had lower potassium (K+) content in muscle and liver and higher sodium (Na+) content in muscle and liver and higher sodium (Na+) content in muscle than lean counterparts.

Food eating patterns and health: a reexamination of the Ten-State and HANES I surveys.

Dietary, clinical, and biochemical data from the Ten-State Nutrition Survey (1968 to 1970) and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (1971 to 1974), have been reexamined by factor analysis to focus attention on eating patterns as a means of relating food intake to health. The seven statistically different eating patterns generated were characterized by disproportionate consumption of different food groups. The relationship between the combination of foods that people ate and the state of their nutritional health was examined for both samples in total, and for various age, sex, race, region, and income groups within the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I sample.

Development of lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in tissues of the ob/ob mouse.

Lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity are evaluated in adipose tissue, liver, and diaphragm of ob/ob and non-ob/ob mice. In ob/ob mice, hepatic fatty acid synthesis from [U-14C]glucose is elevated by 4 wk of age, and adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis increases at approximately 7 wk. Hepatic activities in ob/ob mice of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.

Protein intake regulation and nitrogen retention in young obese and lean mice.

Young female obese (ob/ob) and lean mice were fed a single diet containing 10 or 20% casein or were allowed to self-select from two diets containing 10 and 50, 20 and 60, or 30 and 70% casein for 3 weeks. Obese and lean mice offered a choice of two diets varying in protein-consumed 36% and 32%, respectively, of energy from protein. Although both obese and lean mice consumed more protein when allowed to self-select, each group maintained the same energy intake as observed when a single diet was fed.

Changes in body composition of adult obese (ob/ob) and lean mice fed restricted levels of diets high in carbohydrate, fat or protein.

Adult obese (ob/ob) and lean male mice were fed severely-restricted amounts (approximately 20 to 30 per cent of ad-libitum intake) of either a high-carbohydrate, high-fat or high-protein diet for three weeks. All mice were fed an equal amount of metabolizable energy. Total body fat, total body nitrogen and skeletal-muscle nitrogen were measured in separate groups of mice initially and following three weeks of energy restriction.

Na+,K+-ATPase enzyme units in lean and obese (ob/ob) thyroxine-injected mice.

The possible involvement of Na+,K+-ATPase in the etiology of obesity in the obese (ob/ob) mouse was explored. The number of Na+,K+-ATPase enzyme units in skeletal muscle, liver, and kidneys from 4- and 8-wk-old obese and lean mice was estimated from saturable [3H]ouabain binding to particulate fractions. Neither phenotype nor age altered the Kd value for ouabain binding in these three tissue preparations.