Evaluation of Risk Factors for Early Insufficiency after Bronchial Sleeve Resections.

Background:  Bronchoplastic resections are now widely used as a surgical treatment for resectable central lung cancer. However, bronchial dehiscence is one of the most life-threatening complications, making it important to identify its risk factors to separate patients who require more attention during the postoperative period.

Methods:  The data of 285 patients who underwent bronchoplasty from 2006 to 2021 were retrospectively reviewed.

A New "Non-Traditional" Antibacterial Drug Fluorothiazinone-Clinical Research in Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections.

In order to combat resistance, it is necessary to develop antimicrobial agents that act differently from conventional antibiotics. Fluorothiazinone, 300 mg tablet (The Gamaleya National Research Center), is an original antibacterial drug based on a new small molecule T3SS and flagellum inhibitor. A total of 357 patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) were divided into two groups and given Fluorothiazinone 1200 mg/day or a placebo for 7 days to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the drug.

Results of Aortic Coarctation Repair in Low- and Normal Birth-Weight Neonates: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Introduction: Surgical treatment of aortic coarctation in low-birth-weight (LBW) neonates is associated with risks of higher hospital mortality rates and recoarctation development in the long-term. The goal of our study was to compare the results of surgical treatment of aortic coarctation in LBW neonates and normal-weight patients, to identify predictors of recoarctation in the long-term among LBW patients.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was performed to analyse the patients who had undergone resection of isolated aortic coarctation between 2005 and 2022.

About the Shape of the Crystallization Front of the Semiconductor Nanowires.

During the nanowire (NW) formation, the growth steps reaching the crystallization front (CF) under the catalytic drop are either absorbed by the three-phase line or accumulated in front of it, curving the surface of the front. In this paper, we have analyzed the conditions leading to a change of shape of the crystallization front of the NWs under the catalyst drop as well as the reasons for the formation of atomically smooth (singular) and curved (nonsingular) regions. A model explaining the curvature of the crystallization front under the drop in the process of NW growth is proposed.

Pembrolizumab Plus Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy in Patients With Unresectable, Locally Advanced, Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase 2 KEYNOTE-799 Nonrandomized Trial.

Importance: Administration of pembrolizumab plus concurrent chemoradiation therapy (cCRT) may provide treatment benefit to patients with locally advanced, stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Objective: To evaluate treatment outcomes and safety of pembrolizumab plus cCRT in stage III NSCLC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The phase 2, nonrandomized, 2-cohort, open-label KEYNOTE-799 study enrolled patients between November 5, 2018, and July 31, 2020, from 52 academic facilities and community-based institutions across 10 countries.

Neuropsychiatric disease classification using functional connectomics - results of the connectomics in neuroimaging transfer learning challenge.

Large, open-source datasets, such as the Human Connectome Project and the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange, have spurred the development of new and increasingly powerful machine learning approaches for brain connectomics. However, one key question remains: are we capturing biologically relevant and generalizable information about the brain, or are we simply overfitting to the data? To answer this, we organized a scientific challenge, the Connectomics in NeuroImaging Transfer Learning Challenge (CNI-TLC), held in conjunction with MICCAI 2019. CNI-TLC included two classification tasks: (1) diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) within a pre-adolescent cohort; and (2) transference of the ADHD model to a related cohort of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) patients with an ADHD comorbidity.

Molecular testing and targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: Current status and perspectives.

Molecular testing has become a mandatory component of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) management. The detection of EGFR, BRAF and MET mutations as well as the analysis of ALK, ROS1, RET and NTRK translocations have already been incorporated in the NSCLC diagnostic standards, and the inhibitors of these kinases are in routine clinical use. There are emerging biomarkers, e.

[4D FLOW Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Study of Blood Flow in Patients With Aortic Coarctation in the Long-Term After Surgery].

Aim      Comprehensive evaluation of blood flow in the thoracic aorta using a software for 4D processing of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the heart and blood vessels (4D Flow) in patients with aortic coarctation in the late postoperative period.Materials and methods The MR study of the heart was performed for 10 patients (7 boys and 3 girls) aged 8 to 13 years (median, 9.5 [8.

Treating non-small cell lung cancer with selumetinib: an up-to-date drug evaluation.

Introduction: RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling is implicated in tumor development by promoting cell proliferation and other cancer hallmarks. MEK1/2 kinases are up-regulated in the majority of human cancers due to activation of tyrosine kinase receptors, RAS proteins, BRAF kinase, or some other members of the MAPK pathway. Targeting of MEK1/2 kinases may counterbalance cancer progression.

Patient-reported outcomes from the randomized phase III ALEX study of alectinib versus crizotinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Alectinib demonstrated superior efficacy and a safety profile that compared favorably with crizotinib in treatment-naïve ALK+ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the phase III ALEX study. We present patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from ALEX to assess disease burden, treatment-related symptom tolerability, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with alectinib versus crizotinib.

Materials And Methods: Patients were randomized to receive alectinib 600 mg or crizotinib 250 mg twice daily until disease progression, death, or withdrawal.

Five-Year Outcomes with Dabrafenib plus Trametinib in Metastatic Melanoma.

Background: Patients who have unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a V600E or V600K mutation have prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival when receiving treatment with BRAF inhibitors plus MEK inhibitors. However, long-term clinical outcomes in these patients remain undefined. To determine 5-year survival rates and clinical characteristics of the patients with durable benefit, we sought to review long-term data from randomized trials of combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.

A phase Ib study of GSK3052230, an FGF ligand trap in combination with pemetrexed and cisplatin in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Background Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have a fundamental role in cancer. Sequestering FGFs with GSK3052230 (FP-1039) blocks their ability to activate FGFRs while avoiding toxicities associated with small molecule inhibitors of FGFR, including hyperphosphatemia and retinal, nail, and skin toxicities. Methods A multicenter, open-label, phase Ib study evaluated weekly GSK3052230 added to pemetrexed/cisplatin in patients with treatment-naive, unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Superconducting properties of nanostructured microhelices.

Superconducting micro- and nanohelices are proposed for the first time. A theoretical investigation of the superconducting state in the helical coils at the micro- and nanoscale is performed within the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau approach. The pattern and number of vortices in a stationary distribution are determined by their confinement to the ultrathin helical coil and can therefore be efficiently controlled by the spiral stripe width and the spiral pitch distance for both dense and sparse coils.

Three-year pooled analysis of factors associated with clinical outcomes across dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy phase 3 randomised trials.

Aim: Understanding predictors of long-term benefit with currently available melanoma therapies is the key for optimising individualised treatments. A prior pooled analysis of dabrafenib plus trametinib (D + T)-randomised trials (median follow-up, 20.0 months) identified baseline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and number of organ sites with metastasis as predictive factors for progression-free (PFS) and overall (OS) survival.

Dabrafenib plus trametinib versus dabrafenib monotherapy in patients with metastatic BRAF V600E/K-mutant melanoma: long-term survival and safety analysis of a phase 3 study.

Background: Previous analysis of COMBI-d (NCT01584648) demonstrated improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with combination dabrafenib and trametinib versus dabrafenib monotherapy in BRAF V600E/K-mutant metastatic melanoma. This study was continued to assess 3-year landmark efficacy and safety after ≥36-month follow-up for all living patients.

Patients And Methods: This double-blind, phase 3 study enrolled previously untreated patients with BRAF V600E/K-mutant unresectable stage IIIC or stage IV melanoma.

Rapid hemostasis in a sheep model using particles that propel thrombin and tranexamic acid.

Objectives/hypothesis: Bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery and open surgeries can easily obstruct the surgeons' field of view and increase morbidity and risk of intraoperative complications. Intraoperative bleeding could potentially be addressed by a hemostatic agent that safely disperses itself through the escaping blood. We tested the safety and efficacy of a self-propelling formulation of thrombin and tranexamic acid (SPTT) in stopping bleeding in a paranasal sinus injury and in an open surgical carotid injury sheep model.

Safety and immunogenicity of the PRAME cancer immunotherapeutic in metastatic melanoma: results of a phase I dose escalation study.

Purpose: The PRAME tumour antigen is expressed in several tumour types but in few normal adult tissues. A dose-escalation phase I/II study (NCT01149343) assessed the safety, immunogenicity and clinical activity of the PRAME immunotherapeutic (recombinant PRAME protein (recPRAME) with the AS15 immunostimulant) in patients with advanced melanoma. Here, we report the phase I dose-escalation study segment.

Safety and Immunogenicity of the PRAME Cancer Immunotherapeutic in Patients with Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase I Dose Escalation Study.

Introduction: Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy is standard treatment for surgically resected stage II to IIIA NSCLC, but the relapse rate is high. The preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) tumor antigen is expressed in two-thirds of NSCLC and offers an attractive target for antigen-specific immunization. A phase I dose escalation study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a PRAME immunotherapeutic consisting of recombinant PRAME plus proprietary immunostimulant AS15 in patients with surgically resected NSCLC (NCT01159964).

Prospective assessment of a gene signature potentially predictive of clinical benefit in metastatic melanoma patients following MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic (PREDICT).

Background: Genomic profiling of tumor tissue may aid in identifying predictive or prognostic gene signatures (GS) in some cancers. Retrospective gene expression profiling of melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer led to the characterization of a GS associated with clinical benefit, including improved overall survival (OS), following immunization with the MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic. The goal of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the predictive value of the previously characterized GS.

[Surgical interventions with tracheal bifurcation circular resection in bronchial cancer treatment].

Aim: To evaluate results of circular resection and carina reconstruction in patients with bronchial cancer.

Material And Methods: Study included 82 patients with bronchial malignant tumors operated for the period from 1998 to 2014. Mean age was 56±1.

[Bronchoplastic surgery in lung cancer surgery].

Bronchoplastic interventions allow extending indications for radical conserving surgery and, avoiding pneumonectomy, increasing a number of operated patients, reducing the fre- quency complications and postoperative mortality, significantly improving the quality of life as well as the conditions of reha- bilitation of patients and long-term results, which of particular importance for those with limited functional reserves. However some technical aspects of the bronchial reconstructive surgery are still unresolved and require further enhancement.

[Prediction of the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer of stage III at phases of combined treatment].

We examined 100 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition to surgery there was performed neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2-3 cycles) EP (cisplatin at a dose of 80 mg/m2 on first day + etoposide at a dose of 120 mg/ m2 on days 1,3,5). There were studied the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as prognostic factors in the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC.