3D-Printed Microcubes for Catalase Drug Delivery.

Oxidative stress, i.e., excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Fast decomposed method to devise broadband polarization-conversion metasurface.

Designing a broadband, wide-angle, and high-efficient polarization converter with a simple geometry remains challenging. This work proposes a simple and computationally inexpensive method for devising broadband polarization conversion metasurfaces. We focus on a cross-shape configuration consisting of two bars of different lengths connected at the center.

Plasmonic Polarization Rotation in SERS Spectroscopy.

Surface-enhanced Raman optical activity (SEROA) has been extensively investigated due to its ability to directly probe stereochemistry and molecular structure. However, most works have focused on the Raman optical activity (ROA) effect arising from the chirality of the molecules on isotropic surfaces. Here, we propose a strategy for achieving a similar effect: i.

Correction: Biomarkers of erosive arthritis in systemic lupus erythematosus: Application of machine learning models.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Biomarkers of erosive arthritis in systemic lupus erythematosus: Application of machine learning models.

Objective: Limited evidences are available on biomarkers to recognize Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients at risk to develop erosive arthritis. Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) have been widely investigated and identified in up to 50% of X-ray detected erosive arthritis; conversely, few studies evaluated anti-carbamylated proteins antibodies (anti-CarP). Here, we considered the application of machine learning models to identify relevant factors in the development of ultrasonography (US)-detected erosive damage in a large cohort of SLE patients with joint involvement.

Laboratory measurements of resistivity in warm dense plasmas relevant to the microphysics of brown dwarfs.

Since the observation of the first brown dwarf in 1995, numerous studies have led to a better understanding of the structures of these objects. Here we present a method for studying material resistivity in warm dense plasmas in the laboratory, which we relate to the microphysics of brown dwarfs through viscosity and electron collisions. Here we use X-ray polarimetry to determine the resistivity of a sulphur-doped plastic target heated to Brown Dwarf conditions by an ultra-intense laser.

Spatially resolved analysis of Kα x-ray emission from plasmas induced by a femtosecond weakly relativistic laser pulse at various polarizations.

Spatially resolved K-shell spectroscopy is used here to investigate the interaction of an ultrashort laser pulse (λ=800 nm, τ=40 fs) with a Ti foil under intense irradiation (Iλ(2)=2×10(18)Wμm(2)cm(-2)) and the following fast electron generation and transport into the target. The effect of laser pulse polarization (p, s, and circular) on the Kα yield and line shape is probed. The radial structure of intensity and width of the lines, obtained by a discretized Abel deconvolution algorithm, suggests an annular distribution of both the hot electron propagation into the target and the target temperature.

A novel technique for single-shot energy-resolved 2D x-ray imaging of plasmas relevant for the inertial confinement fusion.

A novel x-ray diagnostic of laser-fusion plasmas is described, allowing 2D monochromatic images of hot, dense plasmas to be obtained in any x-ray photon energy range, over a large domain, on a single-shot basis. The device (named energy-encoded pinhole camera) is based upon the use of an array of many pinholes coupled to a large area CCD camera operating in the single-photon mode. The available x-ray spectral domain is only limited by the quantum efficiency of scientific-grade x-ray CCD cameras, thus extending from a few keV up to a few tens of keV.

Directional bremsstrahlung from a Ti laser-produced x-ray source at relativistic intensities in the 3-12 keV range.

Front and rear side x-ray emission from thin titanium foils irradiated by ultraintense laser pulses at intensities up to ≈5 × 10(19)  W/cm2 was measured using a high-resolution imaging system. Significant differences in intensity, dimension, and spectrum between front and rear side emission intensity in the 3-12 keV photon energy range was found even for 5 μm thin Ti foils. Simulations and analysis of space-resolved spectra explain this behavior in terms of directional bremsstrahlung emission from fast electrons generated during the interaction process.

Tracking propagation of ultrashort intense laser pulses in gases via probing of ionization.

We use optical interferometry to study the propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in gases. We show the measurements of propagation in a nitrogen gas jet and we compare the results with propagation in He under the same irradiation conditions. We find that in the case of nitrogen, the detailed temporal structure of the laser pulse can be tracked and visualized by measuring the phase and the resulting electron-density map.

Novel x-ray multispectral imaging of ultraintense laser plasmas by a single-photon charge coupled device based pinhole camera.

Spectrally resolved two-dimensional imaging of ultrashort laser-produced plasmas is described, obtained by means of an advanced technique. The technique has been tested with microplasmas produced by ultrashort relativistic laser pulses. The technique is based on the use of a pinhole camera equipped with a charge coupled device detector operating in the single-photon regime.