Guide wire perforation leading to fatal perirenal hemorrhage from transcortical collaterals after renal artery stent placement.

After successful renal artery angioplasty and stent placement, a patient in a fully anticoagulated state developed hypotension and flank pain. Review of the intraprocedural angiogram demonstrated transcortical position of the guide wire. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a large perinephric hematoma.

Time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography as a noninvasive method to characterize endoleaks: initial results compared with conventional angiography.

Purpose: Several types of endoleaks have been described, each with different methods of treatment. Conventional arteriography is widely regarded as the gold standard for the classification of endoleaks. Recently, faster magnetic resonance gradients have allowed for rapid data acquisition and review of vascular studies as a real-time continuous angiogram (time resolved magnetic resonance angiography [TR-MRA]).

Devices and techniques for endovascular surgery: catheters, stents, coated stents, and stented grafts.

Endovascular/minimally invasive surgery has undergone rapid innovation and growth. From crude, stiff, large-bore tubes that were used initially to evaluate vascular structures, some of the new catheters and wires are only a little bigger than the human hair, which permits their passage in vessels previously thought inaccessible. Closed arteries and veins now can be effectively traversed and blood flow restored by the use of balloons and metallic stents to maintain the integrity of the vascular lumen.