Illicit drug use and violence.

This chapter reviews evidence on the relationship between illicit drug use and violence, specifically cannabis, stimulant drugs, and opioids. It summarizes findings of systematic reviews of evidence on cannabis, stimulant drugs, and opioids. It also examines evidence from epidemiological studies of drug use among violent offenders and of violence among persons who use drugs, intervention studies, animal studies, human laboratory studies, and human neuroimaging studies.

Airway Epithelial-Derived Immune Mediators in COVID-19.

The airway epithelium, which lines the conducting airways, is central to the defense of the lungs against inhaled particulate matter and pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Recognition of pathogens results in the activation of an innate and intermediate immune response which involves the release of cytokines and chemokines by the airway epithelium. This response can inhibit further viral invasion and influence adaptive immunity.

Cocaine and Ischemic or Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Evidence.

Cocaine consumption has increased over the last decade. The potent sympathomimetic effects of the drug can lead to serious neurovascular complications in the form of ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This systematic review and meta-analysis were designed to describe the clinical features and outcomes of patients suffering from IS, ICH, or SAH occurring in the context of cocaine use.

Vestibular and Oculomotor Findings in Vestibular Migraine Patients.

Background: Vestibular migraine (VM) is the most frequent etiology of recurrent spontaneous episodic vertigo. Vestibular and oculomotor abnormalities have been described in VM; however, the diagnosis is currently based on symptoms. The objective of this study was to determine the most frequent abnormalities in videonystagmography (VNG), caloric testing (Cal) and video head impulse test (vHIT) in patients with VM.

Safety of high-carbohydrate fluid diet 2 h versus overnight fasting before non-emergency endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A single-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Although overnight fasting is recommended prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), the benefits and safety of high-carbohydrate fluid diet (CFD) intake 2 h before ERCP remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze whether high-CFD intake 2 h before ERCP can be safe and accelerate patients' recovery.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial involved 15 tertiary ERCP centers.

Changes in affective control covary with changes in mental health difficulties following affective control training (AffeCT) in adolescents.

Background: Everyday affective fluctuations are more extreme and more frequent in adolescence compared to any other time in development. Successful regulation of these affective experiences is important for good mental health and has been proposed to depend on affective control. The present study examined whether improving affective control through a computerised affective control training app (AffeCT) would benefit adolescent mental health.

Promotions of vaping products near schools and central business district: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Issues Addressed: The increase of youth vaping in Australia has raised concerns, especially with increasing promotions of vaping products. We observed the visibility of vaping products near high-adolescent-traffic areas.

Methods: We examined stores within walking distance of high schools and the central business district (CBD) in Brisbane, Australia, observing the number and proportion of stores selling or displaying vaping products.

Implementation of the updated Sydney system biopsy protocol improves the diagnostic yield of gastric preneoplastic conditions: Results from a real-world study.

Background: The updated Sydney system biopsy protocol (USSBP) standardizes the sampling of gastric biopsies for the detection of preneoplastic conditions (e.g., gastric intestinal metaplasia [GIM]), but the real-world diagnostic yield is not well-described.

Internet Health Resources on Nocturnal Enuresis: A Readability, Quality, and Accuracy Analysis.

Introduction:  Nocturnal enuresis is a common yet quality-of-life-limiting pediatric condition. There is an increasing trend for parents to obtain information on the disease's nature and treatment options via the internet. However, the quality of health-related information on the internet varies greatly and is largely uncontrolled and unregulated.

Factors Associated with Trust in Public Authorities Among Adults in Norway, United Kingdom, United States, and Australia Two Years after the COVID-19 Outbreak.

This study aimed to examine the levels of trust in information provided by public authorities 2 years after the COVID-19 outbreak and to examine factors associated with trust. Using a cross-national approach, online survey data was collected from four Western countries-Australia, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. Differences in reports of very low or low levels of trust were examined by age, gender, area of residence, and the highest level of education in the four countries.

Viral Vaping: A systematic review and meta analysis of e-cigarette and Tobacco-Related social media content and its influence on youth behaviours and attitudes.

Aims: E-cigarette and tobacco-related content on social media continues to rise from lax restrictions on both personal and promotional posts. This content has been linked to various mechanisms of increased e-cigarette and tobacco use (i.e.

Donor Strength Determination of Anionic Ligands.

14 new gold(I) NHC complexes of the type [AuX(Pr-bimy)] (Pr-bimy = 1,3-diisopropylbenzimidazolin-2-ylidene) have been prepared and fully characterized. These complexes and their reported analogues were used to systematically compare and rank the donating abilities of overall 34 anionic X-type donors by C NMR spectroscopy. Specifically, the carbene chemical shift of the Pr-bimy ligand was found to be responsive to the ligand X spanning an overall range Δδ > 37 ppm between the strongest and weakest donor in this study.

Faith-Based Spiritual Intervention for Persons with Depression: Preliminary Evidence from a Pilot Study.

Depression is a common, depleting, and potentially life-threatening disorder. This pilot study examined the feasibility and applicability, reported preliminary evidence for effectiveness, and explored the potential healing mechanisms of a faith-based spiritual intervention for people with depression. The intervention consisted of six weekly sessions focused on restoring a connection with the divine, forgiveness and freedom, suffering and transcendence, hope, gratitude, and relapse prevention.

Elevated Total Serum Immunoglobulin A Levels in Patients with Suspicion for Celiac Disease.

Patients with classic symptoms of celiac disease are often initially tested for serum tissue transglutaminase-immunoglobulin A (tTG-IgA) and total serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels concurrently, as IgA deficiency can lead to falsely low tTG-IgA. There are no guidelines for incidental findings of elevated total serum IgA when testing for celiac disease. In our study, we described the proportion of patients with suspicion of celiac disease who had elevated total serum IgA and the factors that may be associated with these findings.

The Data and Research Center: Creating a Secure, Scalable, and Sustainable Ecosystem for Biomedical Research.

The Research Program's Data and Research Center (DRC) was established to help acquire, curate, and provide access to one of the world's largest and most diverse datasets for precision medicine research. Already, over 500,000 participants are enrolled in , 80% of whom are underrepresented in biomedical research, and data are being analyzed by a community of over 2,300 researchers. The DRC created this thriving data ecosystem by collaborating with engaged participants, innovative program partners, and empowered researchers.

Identification of a novel bile marker clusterin and a public online prediction platform based on deep learning for cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor, and its diagnosis is still a challenge. This study aimed to identify a novel bile marker for CCA diagnosis based on proteomics and establish a diagnostic model with deep learning.

Methods: A total of 644 subjects (236 CCA and 408 non-CCA) from two independent centers were divided into discovery, cross-validation, and external validation sets for the study.

BRD4 isoforms have distinct roles in tumor progression and metastasis in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.

BRD4, a bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein, is deregulated in multiple cancers and has emerged as a promising drug target. However, the function of the two main BRD4 isoforms (BRD4-L and BRD4-S) has not been analyzed in parallel in most cancers. This complicates determining therapeutic efficacy of pan-BET inhibitors.

Measles virus transmission patterns and public health responses during Operation Allies Welcome: a descriptive epidemiological study.

Background: On Aug 29, 2021, Operation Allies Welcome (OAW) was established to support the resettlement of more than 80 000 Afghan evacuees in the USA. After identification of measles among evacuees, incoming evacuee flights were temporarily paused, and mass measles vaccination of evacuees aged 6 months or older was introduced domestically and overseas, with a 21-day quarantine period after vaccination. We aimed to evaluate patterns of measles virus transmission during this outbreak and the impact of control measures.

Longitudinal association between exposure to e-cigarette advertising and youth e-cigarette use in the United States.

Background And Aim: E-cigarette marketing strategies are targeting and appealing to youth, particularly through social media. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between recalled exposure to e-cigarette advertisements on social media and across five traditional advertising mediums, and e-cigarette use, a year later.

Design: Weighted regression analyses of waves 4 (W4; 2017), 4.

Emerging EGFR-Mutated Subclones in a Patient With Metastatic ALK-Rearranged Lung Adenocarcinoma Treated With ALK-Targeted Therapy: A Case Report.

We report a case of pathologically confirmed ALK-rearranged metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with emergence of EGFR L858R mutation on disease progression after two lines of treatment with ALK inhibitors. At initial diagnosis, tumoral ALK expression was detected without EGFR mutation by standard allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. There was sustained partial response to both first-line crizotinib and subsequent brigatinib.

Addressing the influence of the alcohol industry in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Alcohol legislation in Aotearoa New Zealand has not been sufficient to minimise the harm and inequities caused by alcohol use, and a comprehensive review of alcohol policies has been postponed. Because of the alcohol industry's vested interests, the World Health Organization notes that industry involvement in public health policy has potential risks that should be minimised. Here we illustrate the significant extent of alcohol industry penetration in Aotearoa and how such influence undermines equity by amplifying the harms of colonisation.

Genetically diverse mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection reproduce clinical variation in type I interferon and cytokine responses in COVID-19.

Inflammation in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection drives severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is influenced by host genetics. To understand mechanisms of inflammation, animal models that reflect genetic diversity and clinical outcomes observed in humans are needed. We report a mouse panel comprising the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) founder strains crossed to human ACE2 transgenic mice (K18-hACE2) that confers susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.