[Childhood, adolescence and the risk of addiction: a developmental perspective].

The period between the ages of 0 and 25 is a crucial phase in human development, during which many aspects of physical, psychological, personality, behavioral and health development take place. Important neurobiological changes during adolescence play a key role in their natural propensity to seek reward, putting them at greater risk of different kind of addictive behaviours. In addition, childhood adversity can foster the emergence of vulnerabilities which, for some, increases the risk of addiction by the time they reach adolescence.

Choosing Wisely interventions to reduce antibiotic overuse in the safety net.

Objectives: Physician pay-for-performance (P4P) programs frequently target inappropriate antibiotics. Yet little is known about P4P programs' effects on antibiotic prescribing among safety-net populations at risk for unintended harms from reducing care. We evaluated effects of P4P-motivated interventions to reduce antibiotic prescriptions for safety-net patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs).

Embedding research study recruitment within the patient portal preCheck-in.

Objective: Patient portals are increasingly used to recruit patients in research studies, but communication response rates remain low without tactics such as financial incentives or manual outreach. We evaluated a new method of study enrollment by embedding a study information sheet and HIPAA authorization form (HAF) into the patient portal preCheck-in (where patients report basic information like allergies).

Materials And Methods: Eligible patients who enrolled received an after-visit patient-reported outcomes survey through the patient portal.

Cortical alterations after very preterm birth and the association with socio-emotional abilities from childhood to early adolescence.

Very preterm birth (VPT; <32 weeks' gestation) leads to a situation where crucial steps of brain development occur in an abnormal ex utero environment, translating to vulnerable cortical and subcortical development. Associated with this atypical brain development, children and adolescents born VPT are at a high risk of socio-emotional difficulties. In the current study, we unravel developmental changes in cortical gray matter (GM) concentration in VPT and term-born controls aged 6-14 years, together with their associations with socio-emotional abilities.

Association Between In-Person vs Telehealth Follow-up and Rates of Repeated Hospital Visits Among Patients Seen in the Emergency Department.

Importance: For patients discharged from the emergency department (ED), timely outpatient in-person follow-up is associated with improved mortality, but the effectiveness of telehealth as follow-up modality is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate whether the rates of ED return visits and hospitalization differ between patients who obtain in-person vs telehealth encounters for post-ED follow-up care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study included adult patients who presented to either of 2 in-system EDs of a single integrated urban academic health system from April 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021; were discharged home; and obtained a follow-up appointment with a primary care physician within 14 days of their index ED visit (15 total days).

When peer comparison information harms physician well-being.

Policymakers and business leaders often use peer comparison information-showing people how their behavior compares to that of their peers-to motivate a range of behaviors. Despite their widespread use, the potential impact of peer comparison interventions on recipients' well-being is largely unknown. We conducted a 5-mo field experiment involving 199 primary care physicians and 46,631 patients to examine the impact of a peer comparison intervention on physicians' job performance, job satisfaction, and burnout.

A multi-level investigation of the genetic relationship between endometriosis and ovarian cancer histotypes.

Endometriosis is associated with increased risk of epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs). Using data from large endometriosis and EOC genome-wide association meta-analyses, we estimate the genetic correlation and evaluate the causal relationship between genetic liability to endometriosis and EOC histotypes, and identify shared susceptibility loci. We estimate a significant genetic correlation (r) between endometriosis and clear cell (r = 0.

Examining the role of COVID-19 testing availability on intention to isolate: A Randomized hypothetical scenario.

Background: Little information exists on how COVID-19 testing influences intentions to engage in risky behavior. Understanding the behavioral effects of diagnostic testing may highlight the role of adequate testing on controlling viral transmission. In order to evaluate these effects, simulated scenarios were conducted evaluating participant intentions to self-isolate based on COVID-19 diagnostic testing availability and results.

Relationship between exercise intensity and stress levels among U.S. medical students.

Background: Physical activity may protect the mental health of medical students, yet it is unknown which types and intensities of physical activity have the greatest potential to improve medical student well-being.

Objective: We characterize the relationship between exercise intensity and stress levels of U.S.

Improving executive, behavioural and socio-emotional competences in very preterm young adolescents through a mindfulness-based intervention: Study protocol and feasibility.

Background: Very preterm (VPT) children and adolescents show executive, behavioural and socio-emotional difficulties that persist into adulthood. Despite the promising role of mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) in improving theses competences in children and adolescents, the effectiveness of an MBI has not been assessed in a VPT population so far.

Aims: To describe the protocol and to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a clinical trial on an 8-week MBI program to enhance executive and socio-emotional competences in a cohort of VPT young adolescents.

Bi-allelic loss of ERGIC1 causes relatively mild arthrogryposis.

Arthrogryposis describes the presence of multiple joint-contractures. Clinical severity of this phenotype is variable, and more than 400 causative genes have been proposed. Among these, ERGIC1 is a recently reported candidate encoding a putative transmembrane protein of the ER-Golgi interface.

Racial Disparities in Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: Potentially avoidable hospitalizations are disproportionately experienced by racial and ethnic minorities and expose these groups to unnecessary iatrogenic harm (including the risk of nosocomial COVID-19) and undue financial burden. In working toward an overarching goal of eliminating racial and ethnic health disparities, it is important to understand whether and to what extent potentially avoidable hospitalizations have changed by race and ethnicity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This single-center pre-post study included patients admitted to any UCLA Health hospital for an ambulatory care-sensitive condition between March-August 2019 (prepandemic period) and March-August 2020 (postpandemic period).

Neural Correlates of Voice Perception in Newborns and the Influence of Preterm Birth.

Maternal voice is a highly relevant stimulus for newborns. Adult voice processing occurs in specific brain regions. Voice-specific brain areas in newborns and the relevance of an early vocal exposure on these networks have not been defined.

Nausea and Vomiting following Balanced Xenon Anesthesia Compared to Sevoflurane: A Post-Hoc Explorative Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Like other inhalational anesthetics xenon seems to be associated with post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We assessed nausea incidence following balanced xenon anesthesia compared to sevoflurane, and dexamethasone for its prophylaxis in a randomized controlled trial with post-hoc explorative analysis.

Methods: 220 subjects with elevated PONV risk (Apfel score ≥2) undergoing elective abdominal surgery were randomized to receive xenon or sevoflurane anesthesia and dexamethasone or placebo after written informed consent.

Accelerated rejection, thrombosis, and graft failure with angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibodies.

Background: Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibodies (AT1R-Abs) have been implicated in renal transplant rejection and failure; however, the mechanism of allograft damage, patterns of clinical presentation, and response to desensitization of AT1R-Abs have not been clearly established.

Case Diagnosis/treatment: We present the case of a 7-year-old boy with preformed AT1R-Abs who developed accelerated vascular and cellular rejection and renal allograft thrombosis despite desensitization and treatment with angiotensin receptor blockade. Although an association between AT1R-Abs and microvascular occlusion has been previously described, we are the first to describe an association between AT1R-Abs and renal artery thrombosis, leading to devastating early allograft failure.

Association between early administration of high-dose erythropoietin in preterm infants and brain MRI abnormality at term-equivalent age.

Importance: Premature infants are at risk of developing encephalopathy of prematurity, which is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental delay. Erythropoietin was shown to be neuroprotective in experimental and retrospective clinical studies.

Objective: To determine if there is an association between early high-dose recombinant human erythropoietin treatment in preterm infants and biomarkers of encephalopathy of prematurity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term-equivalent age.

A novel IgE antibody targeting the prostate-specific antigen as a potential prostate cancer therapy.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men in the United States. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA), often found at high levels in the serum of PCa patients, has been used as a marker for PCa detection and as a target of immunotherapy. The murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody AR47.

Functional brain maturation assessed during early life correlates with anatomical brain maturation at term-equivalent age in preterm infants.

Background: Amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) is a reliable monitoring tool for electrocortical activity with good predictive value in preterm infants. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a good neuroimaging tool to detect brain lesions and to evaluate brain maturation. We hypothesized that early aEEG measures, recorded over the first 3 d of life in very preterm infants, correlate with brain maturation and injury score assessed by conventional MRI at term-equivalent age.

Association between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and survival in women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer.

Context: Approximately 10% of women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) carry deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. A recent article suggested that BRCA2-related EOC was associated with an improved prognosis, but the effect of BRCA1 remains unclear.

Objective: To characterize the survival of BRCA carriers with EOC compared with noncarriers and to determine whether BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers show similar survival patterns.

Targeting HER2/neu with a fully human IgE to harness the allergic reaction against cancer cells.

Breast and ovarian cancer are two of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women in the United States. Overexpression of the HER2/neu oncoprotein has been reported in patients affected with breast and ovarian cancers, and is associated with poor prognosis. To develop a novel targeted therapy for HER2/neu expressing tumors, we have constructed a fully human IgE with the variable regions of the scFv C6MH3-B1 specific for HER2/neu.

Lethal iron deprivation induced by non-neutralizing antibodies targeting transferrin receptor 1 in malignant B cells.

A number of antibodies have been developed that induce lethal iron deprivation (LID) by targeting the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1/CD71) and either neutralizing transferrin (Tf) binding, blocking internalization of the receptor and/or inducing its degradation. We have developed recombinant antibodies targeting human TfR1 (ch128.1 and ch128.

Impaired neuromotor outcome in school-age children with congenital hypothyroidism receiving early high-dose substitution treatment.

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) can lead to intellectual deficits despite early high-dose treatment. Our study aimed to determine whether motor impairments can occur despite early high-dose treatment. Sixty-three children with CH and early (median age of onset of treatment 9 d), high-dose treatment (median starting dose of levothyroxine 14.